The influence of various coatings of hydroxyapatite bone carrier on the success of bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects: Histomorphometric and histological analysis

Abstract

Background/Aim. The materials used nowadays for bone replacement do not fully meet the requirements for complete regeneration, which is why new ones are being tested. Despite numerous attempts to improve bone tissue regeneration, no fulfilling material has been found yet. This study investigated the influence of poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as coatings for hydroxyapatite (HAP) bone carriers on bone tissue regenerative potential in rabbits? calvarial defect. Methods. Calvarial defects measuring 6 mm in diameter were made in 19 skeletally mature rabbits. Defects were filled with one of the following materials: PLGA coated HAP (HAP + PLGA), PEI coated HAP (HAP + PEI), and bovine HAP ? Bio-Oss? (positive control). Unfilled defects represented negative control. Histological analysis was performed in order to determine the inflammatory response of the host tissue. The formation of the new bone was evaluated using histomorphometric analysis. All analyses have been conducted in samples obtained 3, 6, and 9 weeks after implantation. Results. Three weeks post-implantation, a trend toward increased healing in the HAP + PLGA group compared to other investigated materials was noticed, with no statistically significant difference between the study groups (p > 0.05). However, after 6 and 9 weeks, significant healing was observed in favor of the HAP coated with PLGA compared to other groups (p

Uvod/Cilj. Materijali koji se u današnje vreme koriste za nadoknadu koštanog tkiva ne dovode do kompletne regeneracije, zbog čega se ispituju novi. Uprkos mnogobrojnim pokušajima da se poboljša regeneracija koštanog tkiva, još uvek nije pronađen materijal koji ispunjava sve kriterijume. Cilj rada bio je da se utvrdi uticaj poli(laktid-ko-glikolida) (PLGA) i polietilenimina (PEI), kao premaza za oblaganje hidroksiapatita (HAP), na regenerativni potencijal koštanog tkiva u defektu kalvarije zeca. Metode. Kod 19 zečeva „zrelog” skeleta načinjeni su defekti kalvarije dijametra 6 mm. Defekti su potom ispunjeni jednim od sledećih materijala: HAP obložen PLGA (HAP + PLGA), HAP obložen PEI (HAP + PEI) i goveđi HAP – Bio-Oss® (pozitivna kontrola). Prazni defekti su predstavljali negativnu kontrolu. Inflamacijska reakcija tkiva domaćina je ispitana histološkom analizom. Formiranje nove kosti je procenjivano histomorfometrijskom analizom. Analizirani su uzorci dobijeni 3, 6 i 9 nedelja nakon implantacije. Rezultati. Tri nedelje nakon implantacije, uočena je tendencija boljeg zarastanja u HAP + PLGA grupi, bez statistički značajne razlike između ispitivanih grupa (p > 0.05). Međutim, 6 i 9 nedelja nakon implantacije, primećeno je značajno formiranje koštanog tkiva u korist HAP + PLGA grupe (p < 0,05). Oblaganje HAP sa PLGA dovelo je do boljeg koštanog zarastanja u poređenju sa HAP+PEI i Bio-Oss®. Zaključak. U pogledu stimulisanja osteogeneze u rekonstruktivnoj hirurgiji kostiju, PLGA je pokazao veći potencijal prekrivanja defekta od PEI.