TiO2/APTES cross-linked to carboxylic graphene based impedimetric glucose biosensor

Abstract

Herein, we proposed a novel approach and state-of-the-art technology for the improvement of the materials and enzyme immobilization at the electrode surface and construction of impedimetric glucose biosensor. We silanized titanium dioxide nanoparticles using (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), for the preparation of cross-linked material nanoparticles, with carboxylic graphene. The silanization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and an increase in electron shuttle was proven feasible when this composite was able to achieve about 30% higher current than non-silanized material. The proposed approach was used for the modification of the printed three-electrode system and the development of the impedimetric glucose biosensor. The material morphology and electrochemical characteristics were confirmed by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. The present combination effectively modified the electrode surface and serve as a promising basis for the construction of Point-of-Care devices. Developed biosensor possesses wide operating linear range toward glucose detection from 50 µmol to 1000 µmol, with the limit of detection of 24 µmol. Finally, negligible interference effect and application in the real sample indicate that the proposed mechanism can be successfully applied to the assessment of glucose level in only one drop of real sample.