Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) respond to arterial wall injury by intimal proliferation and play a key role in atherogenesis by proliferating and migrating excessively in response to repeated injury, such as hypertension ...

Redox control is lost when the antioxidant defense system cannot remove abnormally high concentrations of signaling molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chronically elevated levels of ROS cause oxidative stress ...

Physical and biological characteristics of protons as well as technical requirements on proton beams are reviewed in order to illustrate the need for accurate proton transport simulations for therapeutic applications. ...

Regenerative medicine therapy is inspired by current research advances in cellular biology, genetic engineering, synthetic biology, material sciences and so far contributes to the traditional therapy, making resistant ...

Radioactive materials released during the two most serious nuclear accidents in history, at Chernobyl and Fukushima, caused exceptionally significant contamination and perturbations of the environment. Among them, this ...

Dental cement materials have been developed with the aim to replace hard dental tissues. The first material used for pulp capping, root canal obturation, bifurcation perforation and apexification is calcium hydroxide (in ...

Methods are presented for calibrating the hadron calorimeter system of the CMS detector at the LHC. The hadron calorimeters of the CMS experiment are sampling calorimeters of brass and scintillator, and are in the form of ...

Introduction: The importance of biomarkers for pharmaceutical drug development and clinical diagnostics is more significant than ever in the current shift toward personalized medicine. Biomarkers have taken a central ...

A new approach to drug design based on nanoparticles and related nanostructures for effective drug delivery, is of great importance in future medical treatment, especially for cancer therapy. Nanomaterials hold tremendous ...