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Oxidized low-density lipoprotein as a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases

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Authors
Trpković, Andreja
Resanović, Ivana
Stanimirović, Julijana
Radak, Đorđe J.
Mousa, Shaker A.
Cenic-Milosevic, Desanka
Jevremovic, Danimir
Isenović, Esma R.
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a life-long illness that begins with risk factors, which in turn contribute to the development of subclinical disease, followed by the establishment of overt cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thrombotic-occlusive complications of atherosclerosis are among the most widespread and costly health problems. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) plays an important role in atherogenesis by promoting an inflammatory environment and lipid deposition in the arterial wall. As cardiovascular events occur in individuals without common risk factors, there is a need for additional tools that may help in CVD risk assessment and management. The use of biomarkers has improved diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic outcome in cardiovascular medicine. This review elaborates on the value of circulating OxLDL as a biomarker of CVD. Three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (4E6, DLH3 and E06) using murine monoclonal antibodies for determination of OxLDL blood levels have been developed. How...ever, none of these assays are currently approved for routine clinical practice. We identified studies investigating OxLDL in CVD (measured by 4E6, DLH3 or E06 assay) by searching the PubMed database. Circulating OxLDL was found to be associated with all stages of atherosclerosis, from early atherogenesis to hypertension, coronary and peripheral arterial disease, acute coronary syndromes and ischemic cerebral infarction. The results of studies investigating the usefulness of OxLDL for CVD prediction were also summarized. Furthermore, OxLDL was found to be associated with pathologic conditions linked to CVD, including diabetes mellitus, obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). In addition, we have addressed the mechanisms by which OxLDL promotes atherogenesis, and the effects of antiatherogenic treatments on circulating OxLDL. Finally, we highlight the evidence suggesting that lipoprotein (a) [ Lp(a)] is the preferential carrier of oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) in human plasma. A strong association between OxPLapoB level (representing the content of OxPL on apolipoprotein B-100 particles, measured by E06 assay) and Lp(a) has been determined.

Keywords:
Atherogenesis / biomarker / cardiovascular risk assessment / lipoprotein (a) / oxidized lipoproteins / statins
Source:
Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2015, 52, 2, 70-85
Projects:
  • Hormonal regulation of expression and activity of the nitric oxide synthase and sodium-potassium pump in experimental models of insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders (RS-173033)
  • Carotid disease in Serbia - pathologic dynamics, prevention, diagnostics and inovative therapeutic methods (RS-41002)

DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2014.992063

ISSN: 1040-8363; 1549-781X

PubMed: 25537066

WoS: 000357099600003

Scopus: 2-s2.0-84930858928
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URI
http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/635
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Vinča

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