The review concerns a number of basic molecular pathways that play a crucial role in perception, transmission, and modulation of the stress signals, and mediate the adaptation of the vital processes in the cardiovascular ...

Estrogens have been recognized, in the last 3 decades, as important hormones in direct and indirect modulation of vascular health. In addition to their direct benefit on cardiovascular health, the presence of esterified ...

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone produced mainly in the stomach that has widespread tissue distribution and diverse hormonal, metabolic and cardiovascular activities. The circulating ghrelin concentration increases during ...

Obesity is associated with aberrant sodium/potassium-ATPase (Na+/K+-ATPase) activity, apparently linked to hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemia, which may repress or inactivate the enzyme. The reduction of Na+/K+-ATPase activity ...