TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
AU  - Ivanović, Marija
AU  - Kisić, Danilo
AU  - Bundaleski, Nenad
AU  - Pavlović, Vera
AU  - Knežević, Sanja
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana
PY  - 2024
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/12727
AB  - In the present paper, polymerization of alkali activated metakaolin (MK) and its structural changing, using 2M NaOH, 8M NaOH, and 16M NaOH solutions were followed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), Raman spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XPS analysis revealed that changing of NaOH concentration did not affect the types of formed bonds in the material. At the same time, the amount of sodium and aluminum increased with the NaOH molarity. The latter steps could be especially interesting because it may indicate the possibility of 'dosing' the amount of Al incorporated by changing the NaOH concentration in the solution. DRIFT analysis revealed that the absorption band for AlIV located at 800 cm-1 is shifted towards the smaller values. Changing the concentration of NaOH, the chemical content did not change, but the structural changes are observed. Raman spectroscopy detected that the most dominant peaks at ∼400 cm-1 and 519 cm-1 originate from Si-O-Al and Si-O-Si bending modes. With increasing the NaOH concentration, peaks at 1019-1060 cm-1 become more prominent as a result of polymerization. Both analyzes (DRIFT and Raman) confirmed the presence of quartz. SEM analysis showed that different structures are created by changing the concentration of NaOH.
AB  - У овом раду, праћена је полимеризација алкално активираног метакаолина (МК) и његове структурне промене, коришћењем 2М NaOH, 8М NaOH и 16М раствора NaOH. Промене су праћене рендгенском фотоелектронском спектроскопијом (XPS), дифузном рефлексијом инфрацрвене Фуријеове трансформације (DRIFT), Рамановом спектроскопијом и скенирајућом електронском микроскопијом (SEM). XPS анализа је показала да промена концентрације NaOH није утицала на типове формираних веза у материјалу. Истовремено, количина натријума и алуминијума се повећавала са моларношћу NaOH. Последњи кораци могу бити посебно интересантни јер могу указивати на могућност 'дозирања' количине Al инкорпорираног променом концентрације NaOH у раствору. DRIFT анализа је открила да је опсег апсорпције за AlIV који се налази на 800 cm-1 померен ка мањим вредностима. Променом концентрације NaOH, хемијски садржај се није мењао, али су уочене структурне промене. Раманова спектроскопија је открила да најдоминантнији пикови на 400 cm-1 и 519 cm-1 потичу из Si-О-Al и Si-О-Si начина савијања хемијских веза. Са повећањем концентрације NaOH, пикови на 1019-1060 cm-1 постају све израженији као резултат полимеризације. Обе анализе (DRIFT и Раман) потврдиле су присуство кварца. SEM анализа је показала да се променом концентрације NaOH стварају различите структуре.
T2  - Science of Sintering
T1  - Changes in the physicochemical properties of geopolymer gels as a function of NaOH concentration
VL  - 55
IS  - 4
SP  - 509
EP  - 519
DO  - 10.2298/SOS220624020N
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nenadović, Miloš and Ivanović, Marija and Kisić, Danilo and Bundaleski, Nenad and Pavlović, Vera and Knežević, Sanja and Kljajević, Ljiljana",
year = "2024",
abstract = "In the present paper, polymerization of alkali activated metakaolin (MK) and its structural changing, using 2M NaOH, 8M NaOH, and 16M NaOH solutions were followed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), Raman spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XPS analysis revealed that changing of NaOH concentration did not affect the types of formed bonds in the material. At the same time, the amount of sodium and aluminum increased with the NaOH molarity. The latter steps could be especially interesting because it may indicate the possibility of 'dosing' the amount of Al incorporated by changing the NaOH concentration in the solution. DRIFT analysis revealed that the absorption band for AlIV located at 800 cm-1 is shifted towards the smaller values. Changing the concentration of NaOH, the chemical content did not change, but the structural changes are observed. Raman spectroscopy detected that the most dominant peaks at ∼400 cm-1 and 519 cm-1 originate from Si-O-Al and Si-O-Si bending modes. With increasing the NaOH concentration, peaks at 1019-1060 cm-1 become more prominent as a result of polymerization. Both analyzes (DRIFT and Raman) confirmed the presence of quartz. SEM analysis showed that different structures are created by changing the concentration of NaOH., У овом раду, праћена је полимеризација алкално активираног метакаолина (МК) и његове структурне промене, коришћењем 2М NaOH, 8М NaOH и 16М раствора NaOH. Промене су праћене рендгенском фотоелектронском спектроскопијом (XPS), дифузном рефлексијом инфрацрвене Фуријеове трансформације (DRIFT), Рамановом спектроскопијом и скенирајућом електронском микроскопијом (SEM). XPS анализа је показала да промена концентрације NaOH није утицала на типове формираних веза у материјалу. Истовремено, количина натријума и алуминијума се повећавала са моларношћу NaOH. Последњи кораци могу бити посебно интересантни јер могу указивати на могућност 'дозирања' количине Al инкорпорираног променом концентрације NaOH у раствору. DRIFT анализа је открила да је опсег апсорпције за AlIV који се налази на 800 cm-1 померен ка мањим вредностима. Променом концентрације NaOH, хемијски садржај се није мењао, али су уочене структурне промене. Раманова спектроскопија је открила да најдоминантнији пикови на 400 cm-1 и 519 cm-1 потичу из Si-О-Al и Si-О-Si начина савијања хемијских веза. Са повећањем концентрације NaOH, пикови на 1019-1060 cm-1 постају све израженији као резултат полимеризације. Обе анализе (DRIFT и Раман) потврдиле су присуство кварца. SEM анализа је показала да се променом концентрације NaOH стварају различите структуре.",
journal = "Science of Sintering",
title = "Changes in the physicochemical properties of geopolymer gels as a function of NaOH concentration",
volume = "55",
number = "4",
pages = "509-519",
doi = "10.2298/SOS220624020N"
}

Nenadović, M., Ivanović, M., Kisić, D., Bundaleski, N., Pavlović, V., Knežević, S.,& Kljajević, L.. (2024). Changes in the physicochemical properties of geopolymer gels as a function of NaOH concentration. in Science of Sintering, 55(4), 509-519.
https://doi.org/10.2298/SOS220624020N

Nenadović M, Ivanović M, Kisić D, Bundaleski N, Pavlović V, Knežević S, Kljajević L. Changes in the physicochemical properties of geopolymer gels as a function of NaOH concentration. in Science of Sintering. 2024;55(4):509-519.
doi:10.2298/SOS220624020N .

Nenadović, Miloš, Ivanović, Marija, Kisić, Danilo, Bundaleski, Nenad, Pavlović, Vera, Knežević, Sanja, Kljajević, Ljiljana, "Changes in the physicochemical properties of geopolymer gels as a function of NaOH concentration" in Science of Sintering, 55, no. 4 (2024):509-519,
https://doi.org/10.2298/SOS220624020N . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mirković, Miljana
AU  - Yilmaz, Muge Sari
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
AU  - Pavlović, Vladimir B.
AU  - Ivanović, Marija
AU  - Đukić, Dunja
AU  - Eren, Tarik
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/11031
AB  - In this paper, the properties of organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials, which were synthesized from an aluminosilicate inorganic matrix with the addition of brushite and aminosilane grafted on one side and PEI covalently bonded composites on the other side, were examined. The synthesized organic-inorganic hybrid polymers were examined in terms of a structural, morphological, thermo-gravimetric, and adsorption-desorption analysis and also as potential CO2 capturers. The structural and phase properties as well as the percentage contents of the crystalline and amorphous phase were determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The higher content of the amorphous phase in the structure of hybrid polymers was proven in metakaolin and metakaolin-brushite hybrid samples with the addition of amino silane and with 1,000,000 PEI in a structure. The DRIFT method showed the main band changes with the addition of an organic phase and inorganic matrix. Microstructural studies with the EDS analysis showed a uniform distribution of organic and inorganic phases in the hybrid geopolymers. The thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that organic compounds are successfully bonded to inorganic polymer matrix, while adsorption-desorption analysis confirmed that the organic phase completely covered the surface of the inorganic matrix. The CO2 adsorption experiments showed that the amine-modified composites have the higher capture capacity, which is 0.685 mmol·g−1 for the GM10 sample and 0.581 mmol·g−1 for the BGM10 sample, with 1,000,000 PEI in the structure.
T2  - Polymers
T1  - Design of PEI and Amine Modified Metakaolin-Brushite Hybrid Polymeric Composite Materials for CO2 Capturing
VL  - 15
IS  - 7
SP  - 1669
DO  - 10.3390/polym15071669
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mirković, Miljana and Yilmaz, Muge Sari and Kljajević, Ljiljana M. and Pavlović, Vladimir B. and Ivanović, Marija and Đukić, Dunja and Eren, Tarik",
year = "2023",
abstract = "In this paper, the properties of organic-inorganic hybrid polymer materials, which were synthesized from an aluminosilicate inorganic matrix with the addition of brushite and aminosilane grafted on one side and PEI covalently bonded composites on the other side, were examined. The synthesized organic-inorganic hybrid polymers were examined in terms of a structural, morphological, thermo-gravimetric, and adsorption-desorption analysis and also as potential CO2 capturers. The structural and phase properties as well as the percentage contents of the crystalline and amorphous phase were determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The higher content of the amorphous phase in the structure of hybrid polymers was proven in metakaolin and metakaolin-brushite hybrid samples with the addition of amino silane and with 1,000,000 PEI in a structure. The DRIFT method showed the main band changes with the addition of an organic phase and inorganic matrix. Microstructural studies with the EDS analysis showed a uniform distribution of organic and inorganic phases in the hybrid geopolymers. The thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that organic compounds are successfully bonded to inorganic polymer matrix, while adsorption-desorption analysis confirmed that the organic phase completely covered the surface of the inorganic matrix. The CO2 adsorption experiments showed that the amine-modified composites have the higher capture capacity, which is 0.685 mmol·g−1 for the GM10 sample and 0.581 mmol·g−1 for the BGM10 sample, with 1,000,000 PEI in the structure.",
journal = "Polymers",
title = "Design of PEI and Amine Modified Metakaolin-Brushite Hybrid Polymeric Composite Materials for CO2 Capturing",
volume = "15",
number = "7",
pages = "1669",
doi = "10.3390/polym15071669"
}

Mirković, M., Yilmaz, M. S., Kljajević, L. M., Pavlović, V. B., Ivanović, M., Đukić, D.,& Eren, T.. (2023). Design of PEI and Amine Modified Metakaolin-Brushite Hybrid Polymeric Composite Materials for CO2 Capturing. in Polymers, 15(7), 1669.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15071669

Mirković M, Yilmaz MS, Kljajević LM, Pavlović VB, Ivanović M, Đukić D, Eren T. Design of PEI and Amine Modified Metakaolin-Brushite Hybrid Polymeric Composite Materials for CO2 Capturing. in Polymers. 2023;15(7):1669.
doi:10.3390/polym15071669 .

Mirković, Miljana, Yilmaz, Muge Sari, Kljajević, Ljiljana M., Pavlović, Vladimir B., Ivanović, Marija, Đukić, Dunja, Eren, Tarik, "Design of PEI and Amine Modified Metakaolin-Brushite Hybrid Polymeric Composite Materials for CO2 Capturing" in Polymers, 15, no. 7 (2023):1669,
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15071669 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Šuránek, Matej
AU  - Melichová, Zuzana
AU  - Mirković, Miljana M.
AU  - Ivanović, Marija M.
AU  - Pavlović, Vladimir B.
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana S.
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10735
AB  - The study of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions using the adsorption process on synthetically modified geopolymers was performed under static conditions. Three geopolymers (based on metaphase of Serbian clay, metaphase of German clay and metaphase of German clay plus 10% of carbon cloth) were used. The geopolymers were made by condensing a mixture of metaphases and alkali activator solution at a fixed ratio at room temperature and then at a temperature of 60 °C in a dry oven. Then, the geopolymer samples were pre-crashed to a fixed-radius size. Their properties were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform (DRIFT) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Adsorption experiments were carried out under batch process as a function of the dose, concentration of metal, and contact time. The uptake of Cu(II) was rapid, and it increased with increasing metal concentration. The sorption percentage decreased with increasing concentration of Cu(II). The equilibrium adsorption capacity of geopolymers was measured and extrapolated using more isotherms. The data fit very well the linear Langmuir isotherm model. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model can well describe the adsorption behavior of Cu(II) ions with geopolymers samples. These results show that used geopolymers hold great potential to remove Cu(II) from industrial wastewater.
T2  - Sustainability
T1  - The Study of Cu(II) Adsorption onto Synthetically Modified Geopolymers
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
SP  - 2869
DO  - 10.3390/su15042869
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Šuránek, Matej and Melichová, Zuzana and Mirković, Miljana M. and Ivanović, Marija M. and Pavlović, Vladimir B. and Kljajević, Ljiljana M. and Nenadović, Snežana S.",
year = "2023",
abstract = "The study of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions using the adsorption process on synthetically modified geopolymers was performed under static conditions. Three geopolymers (based on metaphase of Serbian clay, metaphase of German clay and metaphase of German clay plus 10% of carbon cloth) were used. The geopolymers were made by condensing a mixture of metaphases and alkali activator solution at a fixed ratio at room temperature and then at a temperature of 60 °C in a dry oven. Then, the geopolymer samples were pre-crashed to a fixed-radius size. Their properties were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform (DRIFT) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Adsorption experiments were carried out under batch process as a function of the dose, concentration of metal, and contact time. The uptake of Cu(II) was rapid, and it increased with increasing metal concentration. The sorption percentage decreased with increasing concentration of Cu(II). The equilibrium adsorption capacity of geopolymers was measured and extrapolated using more isotherms. The data fit very well the linear Langmuir isotherm model. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model can well describe the adsorption behavior of Cu(II) ions with geopolymers samples. These results show that used geopolymers hold great potential to remove Cu(II) from industrial wastewater.",
journal = "Sustainability",
title = "The Study of Cu(II) Adsorption onto Synthetically Modified Geopolymers",
volume = "15",
number = "4",
pages = "2869",
doi = "10.3390/su15042869"
}

Šuránek, M., Melichová, Z., Mirković, M. M., Ivanović, M. M., Pavlović, V. B., Kljajević, L. M.,& Nenadović, S. S.. (2023). The Study of Cu(II) Adsorption onto Synthetically Modified Geopolymers. in Sustainability, 15(4), 2869.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042869

Šuránek M, Melichová Z, Mirković MM, Ivanović MM, Pavlović VB, Kljajević LM, Nenadović SS. The Study of Cu(II) Adsorption onto Synthetically Modified Geopolymers. in Sustainability. 2023;15(4):2869.
doi:10.3390/su15042869 .

Šuránek, Matej, Melichová, Zuzana, Mirković, Miljana M., Ivanović, Marija M., Pavlović, Vladimir B., Kljajević, Ljiljana M., Nenadović, Snežana S., "The Study of Cu(II) Adsorption onto Synthetically Modified Geopolymers" in Sustainability, 15, no. 4 (2023):2869,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042869 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ivanović, Marija M.
AU  - Knežević, Sanja
AU  - Mirković, Miljana M.
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
AU  - Bučevac, Dušan
AU  - Pavlović, Vladimir B.
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10741
AB  - It is well known that geopolymers are a new group of binder materials of alumosilicate origin. Geopolymers are made by the reaction of precursor aluminosilicate materials with alkaline activator solutions. The current research relates to a low-cost and eco-friendly procedure, suitable of being implemented in two easy steps. The first step is the production of a solid phase based on fly ash (Obrenovac, Serbia) and eggshell ash as waste materials rich in calcium. The second step is alkali activating the solid phase using an alkaline activator (a mixture of NaOH and Na2SiO3) and procedures in proper laboratory conditions. Four samples with different eggshell ash content were synthesized. The concentration of used NaOH was 12 mol dm−3. The structural properties of all investigated samples were analyzed by XRD (X-ray diffraction), DRIFT (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and UV/Vis spectroscopy analysis. XRD determined the amorphous halo with the presence of quartz as the crystal phase in all of the investigated samples. These results were confirmed by DRIFT analysis. The morphology of the samples was determined by SEM analysis. UV/Vis showed that the material could be a potential adsorbent.
T2  - Sustainability
T1  - Structural Characterization of Geopolymers with the Addition of Eggshell Ash
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
SP  - 5419
DO  - 10.3390/su15065419
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ivanović, Marija M. and Knežević, Sanja and Mirković, Miljana M. and Kljajević, Ljiljana M. and Bučevac, Dušan and Pavlović, Vladimir B. and Nenadović, Miloš",
year = "2023",
abstract = "It is well known that geopolymers are a new group of binder materials of alumosilicate origin. Geopolymers are made by the reaction of precursor aluminosilicate materials with alkaline activator solutions. The current research relates to a low-cost and eco-friendly procedure, suitable of being implemented in two easy steps. The first step is the production of a solid phase based on fly ash (Obrenovac, Serbia) and eggshell ash as waste materials rich in calcium. The second step is alkali activating the solid phase using an alkaline activator (a mixture of NaOH and Na2SiO3) and procedures in proper laboratory conditions. Four samples with different eggshell ash content were synthesized. The concentration of used NaOH was 12 mol dm−3. The structural properties of all investigated samples were analyzed by XRD (X-ray diffraction), DRIFT (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and UV/Vis spectroscopy analysis. XRD determined the amorphous halo with the presence of quartz as the crystal phase in all of the investigated samples. These results were confirmed by DRIFT analysis. The morphology of the samples was determined by SEM analysis. UV/Vis showed that the material could be a potential adsorbent.",
journal = "Sustainability",
title = "Structural Characterization of Geopolymers with the Addition of Eggshell Ash",
volume = "15",
number = "6",
pages = "5419",
doi = "10.3390/su15065419"
}

Ivanović, M. M., Knežević, S., Mirković, M. M., Kljajević, L. M., Bučevac, D., Pavlović, V. B.,& Nenadović, M.. (2023). Structural Characterization of Geopolymers with the Addition of Eggshell Ash. in Sustainability, 15(6), 5419.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065419

Ivanović MM, Knežević S, Mirković MM, Kljajević LM, Bučevac D, Pavlović VB, Nenadović M. Structural Characterization of Geopolymers with the Addition of Eggshell Ash. in Sustainability. 2023;15(6):5419.
doi:10.3390/su15065419 .

Ivanović, Marija M., Knežević, Sanja, Mirković, Miljana M., Kljajević, Ljiljana M., Bučevac, Dušan, Pavlović, Vladimir B., Nenadović, Miloš, "Structural Characterization of Geopolymers with the Addition of Eggshell Ash" in Sustainability, 15, no. 6 (2023):5419,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065419 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ivanović, Marija M.
AU  - Knežević, Sanja
AU  - Radović, Ivona
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
AU  - Mirković, Miljana M.
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana S.
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10742
AB  - Geopolymers have excellent physical and mechanical properties, so they can be used as a substitute for ordinary polymers. Geopolymers are ceramic materials, which exhibit the property of brittleness, which can be a limitation in some structural applications. To overcome this shortcoming, a new group of materials (organic geopolymers) was developed. The aim of this work is the synthesis of organic (hybrid) geopolymers. A geopolymer based on metakaolin was synthesized as a reference sample, while polyvinyl alcohol was added as an organic phase for synthesizing a hybrid geopolymer. It was concluded that the systems follow the rule of behavior in liquid systems. The chemical composition of the samples was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). Structural and phase characterization of hybrid and reference materials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD)and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which revealed new phases in the PVA-added samples. The results show that the content of added PVA in the reaction mixture affects the phase composition of the synthesized materials. To examine the possibility of adsorption of the samples, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS) was used. The morphology was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), where efflorescence was observed and identified. After characterizing the geopolymer with the addition of PVA, we obtained a material that was far more porous than the basic sample, and we can conclude that we have synthesized a material that shows good mechanical properties.
T2  - Sustainability
T1  - Preparation and Characterization of Geopolymers Based on Metakaolin with the Addition of Organic Phase PVA
VL  - 15
IS  - 5
SP  - 4441
DO  - 10.3390/su15054441
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ivanović, Marija M. and Knežević, Sanja and Radović, Ivona and Kljajević, Ljiljana M. and Mirković, Miljana M. and Nenadović, Miloš and Nenadović, Snežana S.",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Geopolymers have excellent physical and mechanical properties, so they can be used as a substitute for ordinary polymers. Geopolymers are ceramic materials, which exhibit the property of brittleness, which can be a limitation in some structural applications. To overcome this shortcoming, a new group of materials (organic geopolymers) was developed. The aim of this work is the synthesis of organic (hybrid) geopolymers. A geopolymer based on metakaolin was synthesized as a reference sample, while polyvinyl alcohol was added as an organic phase for synthesizing a hybrid geopolymer. It was concluded that the systems follow the rule of behavior in liquid systems. The chemical composition of the samples was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). Structural and phase characterization of hybrid and reference materials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD)and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which revealed new phases in the PVA-added samples. The results show that the content of added PVA in the reaction mixture affects the phase composition of the synthesized materials. To examine the possibility of adsorption of the samples, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS) was used. The morphology was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), where efflorescence was observed and identified. After characterizing the geopolymer with the addition of PVA, we obtained a material that was far more porous than the basic sample, and we can conclude that we have synthesized a material that shows good mechanical properties.",
journal = "Sustainability",
title = "Preparation and Characterization of Geopolymers Based on Metakaolin with the Addition of Organic Phase PVA",
volume = "15",
number = "5",
pages = "4441",
doi = "10.3390/su15054441"
}

Ivanović, M. M., Knežević, S., Radović, I., Kljajević, L. M., Mirković, M. M., Nenadović, M.,& Nenadović, S. S.. (2023). Preparation and Characterization of Geopolymers Based on Metakaolin with the Addition of Organic Phase PVA. in Sustainability, 15(5), 4441.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054441

Ivanović MM, Knežević S, Radović I, Kljajević LM, Mirković MM, Nenadović M, Nenadović SS. Preparation and Characterization of Geopolymers Based on Metakaolin with the Addition of Organic Phase PVA. in Sustainability. 2023;15(5):4441.
doi:10.3390/su15054441 .

Ivanović, Marija M., Knežević, Sanja, Radović, Ivona, Kljajević, Ljiljana M., Mirković, Miljana M., Nenadović, Miloš, Nenadović, Snežana S., "Preparation and Characterization of Geopolymers Based on Metakaolin with the Addition of Organic Phase PVA" in Sustainability, 15, no. 5 (2023):4441,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054441 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Gulicovski, Jelena
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
AU  - Mirković, Miljana
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana
AU  - Bošković, Ivana
AU  - Vukčević, Marija
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/11752
AB  - Due to the low CO2 emission of geopolymers compared to Portland cement, interest in their use as binding cement has increased in recent years. The main goal of this research is to relate the green and sustainable characteristics to the good mechanical and chemical properties of fly ashbased geopolymers. For those purposes, samples of different ratios of fly ash (FA) and metakaolin (MK) were prepared. Mineralogical characterization of the geopolymer samples conducted using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) showed that in the geopolymer synthesis reaction new amorphous phase was formed. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) confirmed characteristic bands of Si-O and O-Si-O groups at 1045 cm–1 . Compressive strength analysis revealed that the optimal ratio of FA and MK is 50:50 and exhibits the highest value, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed the total reduction of carbon content in the alkali activated geopolymer with optimal stoichiometry 50:50. The results of this research indicates the possibility to obtain a geopolymer material with almost complete absence of carbon, which implies further application as a material with very high environmental potential and zero carbon emission.
PB  - Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia
C3  - 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia
T1  - Preparation and Performance of Low Content Carbon Geopolymer
SP  - 24
EP  - 24
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11752
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Gulicovski, Jelena and Nenadović, Miloš and Mirković, Miljana and Kljajević, Ljiljana and Bošković, Ivana and Vukčević, Marija and Nenadović, Snežana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Due to the low CO2 emission of geopolymers compared to Portland cement, interest in their use as binding cement has increased in recent years. The main goal of this research is to relate the green and sustainable characteristics to the good mechanical and chemical properties of fly ashbased geopolymers. For those purposes, samples of different ratios of fly ash (FA) and metakaolin (MK) were prepared. Mineralogical characterization of the geopolymer samples conducted using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) showed that in the geopolymer synthesis reaction new amorphous phase was formed. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) confirmed characteristic bands of Si-O and O-Si-O groups at 1045 cm–1 . Compressive strength analysis revealed that the optimal ratio of FA and MK is 50:50 and exhibits the highest value, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed the total reduction of carbon content in the alkali activated geopolymer with optimal stoichiometry 50:50. The results of this research indicates the possibility to obtain a geopolymer material with almost complete absence of carbon, which implies further application as a material with very high environmental potential and zero carbon emission.",
publisher = "Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia",
journal = "26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia",
title = "Preparation and Performance of Low Content Carbon Geopolymer",
pages = "24-24",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11752"
}

Gulicovski, J., Nenadović, M., Mirković, M., Kljajević, L., Bošković, I., Vukčević, M.,& Nenadović, S.. (2023). Preparation and Performance of Low Content Carbon Geopolymer. in 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia
Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia., 24-24.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11752

Gulicovski J, Nenadović M, Mirković M, Kljajević L, Bošković I, Vukčević M, Nenadović S. Preparation and Performance of Low Content Carbon Geopolymer. in 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia. 2023;:24-24.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11752 .

Gulicovski, Jelena, Nenadović, Miloš, Mirković, Miljana, Kljajević, Ljiljana, Bošković, Ivana, Vukčević, Marija, Nenadović, Snežana, "Preparation and Performance of Low Content Carbon Geopolymer" in 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia (2023):24-24,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11752 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša
AU  - Knežević, Sanja
AU  - Ivanović, Marija M.
AU  - Mirković, Miljana
AU  - Maletić, M.
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana
AU  - Trivunac, K.
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/11754
AB  - The aim of this paper is to show the possibility of using waste materials, blends of (wood ash, fly ash, from thermal power plant, and metakaolin) for the production of alkali activated materials that can be used to purify wastewater from different kinds of pollutants such as heavy metals. Heavy metals are toxic, especially cadmium, so they must be removed from wastewater to prevent or minimize contact with the environment and humans. The synthesis of the alkali activated materials was performed by mixing solid precursors with a liquid alkali activator. Two- and three-component systems of wood ash, fly ash and metakaolin (wood ash/fly ash, wood ash/metakaolin, fly ash/metakaolin and wood ash/fly ash/metakaolin) were used as precursor materials. The alkali activator solution was a mixture of sodium silicate solution and sodium hydroxide solution of concentrations (6M and 12M). The characterization of alkali activated materials was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). XRD measurements of investigated samples showed a characteristic halo between 18 and 35º 2 with a dominant crystal phase of quartz. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the main vibration band of all investigated samples appeared between 1037-996 cm-1, and corresponds to Si-O-Si/Si-O-Al bands. SEM/EDS analysis was used to determine the microstructure of the samples. The adsorption efficiency of the investigated alkali activated materials for removing cadmium ions from aqueous solution was tested under different conditions: initial concentration of cadmium ions in the range of 20-100 mg/l, pH values from 3 to 7 and mass of adsorbents from 0.02-0.05 g.
PB  - Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia
C3  - 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia
T1  - Structural Characteristics and Adsorption Properties of Alkali Activated Blends Ashes/Metakaolin
SP  - 29
EP  - 29
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11754
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša and Knežević, Sanja and Ivanović, Marija M. and Mirković, Miljana and Maletić, M. and Kljajević, Ljiljana and Trivunac, K.",
year = "2023",
abstract = "The aim of this paper is to show the possibility of using waste materials, blends of (wood ash, fly ash, from thermal power plant, and metakaolin) for the production of alkali activated materials that can be used to purify wastewater from different kinds of pollutants such as heavy metals. Heavy metals are toxic, especially cadmium, so they must be removed from wastewater to prevent or minimize contact with the environment and humans. The synthesis of the alkali activated materials was performed by mixing solid precursors with a liquid alkali activator. Two- and three-component systems of wood ash, fly ash and metakaolin (wood ash/fly ash, wood ash/metakaolin, fly ash/metakaolin and wood ash/fly ash/metakaolin) were used as precursor materials. The alkali activator solution was a mixture of sodium silicate solution and sodium hydroxide solution of concentrations (6M and 12M). The characterization of alkali activated materials was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). XRD measurements of investigated samples showed a characteristic halo between 18 and 35º 2 with a dominant crystal phase of quartz. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the main vibration band of all investigated samples appeared between 1037-996 cm-1, and corresponds to Si-O-Si/Si-O-Al bands. SEM/EDS analysis was used to determine the microstructure of the samples. The adsorption efficiency of the investigated alkali activated materials for removing cadmium ions from aqueous solution was tested under different conditions: initial concentration of cadmium ions in the range of 20-100 mg/l, pH values from 3 to 7 and mass of adsorbents from 0.02-0.05 g.",
publisher = "Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia",
journal = "26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia",
title = "Structural Characteristics and Adsorption Properties of Alkali Activated Blends Ashes/Metakaolin",
pages = "29-29",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11754"
}

Mladenović Nikolić, N., Knežević, S., Ivanović, M. M., Mirković, M., Maletić, M., Kljajević, L.,& Trivunac, K.. (2023). Structural Characteristics and Adsorption Properties of Alkali Activated Blends Ashes/Metakaolin. in 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia
Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia., 29-29.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11754

Mladenović Nikolić N, Knežević S, Ivanović MM, Mirković M, Maletić M, Kljajević L, Trivunac K. Structural Characteristics and Adsorption Properties of Alkali Activated Blends Ashes/Metakaolin. in 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia. 2023;:29-29.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11754 .

Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša, Knežević, Sanja, Ivanović, Marija M., Mirković, Miljana, Maletić, M., Kljajević, Ljiljana, Trivunac, K., "Structural Characteristics and Adsorption Properties of Alkali Activated Blends Ashes/Metakaolin" in 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia (2023):29-29,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11754 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Ivanović, Marija
AU  - Knežević, Sanja
AU  - Mirković, Miljana
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
AU  - Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/11756
AB  - Recently, there has been a growing interest in mixing two different systems, organic and inorganic, which would contribute to some improved properties, such as adjustment time, reduced shrinkage, improved mechanical properties and durability. A new class of geopolymer composites with an organic matrix has been developed with the main goal of improving the fire resistance of organic polymers and reducing the production of smoke resulting from their combustion, as well as improving mechanical properties. For the synthesis of hybrid geopolymer materials, metakaolin with the addition of organic phase poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was used as the starting material. For the synthesis of alkaline activator, a solution of NaOH with a molarity of 12 mol / dm3 was used. The chemical composition of the samples was determined by XRF analysis. Structural and phase characterization of hybrid and reference materials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which revealed new phases in the PVA-added samples. The results show that the content of added PVA in the reaction mixture affects the phase composition of the synthesized materials. The morphology was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), where efflorescence was observed and identified. After characterizing the geopolymer with the addition of PVA, we obtained a material that is far more porous than the basic sample, and we can conclude that we have synthesized a material that shows good mechanical properties.
PB  - Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia
C3  - 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia
T1  - Physico-Chemical Properties of Geopolymers Based on Metakaolin with The Addition of Organic Phase PVA
SP  - 32
EP  - 32
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11756
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Ivanović, Marija and Knežević, Sanja and Mirković, Miljana and Kljajević, Ljiljana and Nenadović, Miloš and Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša and Nenadović, Snežana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Recently, there has been a growing interest in mixing two different systems, organic and inorganic, which would contribute to some improved properties, such as adjustment time, reduced shrinkage, improved mechanical properties and durability. A new class of geopolymer composites with an organic matrix has been developed with the main goal of improving the fire resistance of organic polymers and reducing the production of smoke resulting from their combustion, as well as improving mechanical properties. For the synthesis of hybrid geopolymer materials, metakaolin with the addition of organic phase poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was used as the starting material. For the synthesis of alkaline activator, a solution of NaOH with a molarity of 12 mol / dm3 was used. The chemical composition of the samples was determined by XRF analysis. Structural and phase characterization of hybrid and reference materials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which revealed new phases in the PVA-added samples. The results show that the content of added PVA in the reaction mixture affects the phase composition of the synthesized materials. The morphology was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), where efflorescence was observed and identified. After characterizing the geopolymer with the addition of PVA, we obtained a material that is far more porous than the basic sample, and we can conclude that we have synthesized a material that shows good mechanical properties.",
publisher = "Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia",
journal = "26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia",
title = "Physico-Chemical Properties of Geopolymers Based on Metakaolin with The Addition of Organic Phase PVA",
pages = "32-32",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11756"
}

Ivanović, M., Knežević, S., Mirković, M., Kljajević, L., Nenadović, M., Mladenović Nikolić, N.,& Nenadović, S.. (2023). Physico-Chemical Properties of Geopolymers Based on Metakaolin with The Addition of Organic Phase PVA. in 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia
Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia., 32-32.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11756

Ivanović M, Knežević S, Mirković M, Kljajević L, Nenadović M, Mladenović Nikolić N, Nenadović S. Physico-Chemical Properties of Geopolymers Based on Metakaolin with The Addition of Organic Phase PVA. in 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia. 2023;:32-32.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11756 .

Ivanović, Marija, Knežević, Sanja, Mirković, Miljana, Kljajević, Ljiljana, Nenadović, Miloš, Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša, Nenadović, Snežana, "Physico-Chemical Properties of Geopolymers Based on Metakaolin with The Addition of Organic Phase PVA" in 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia (2023):32-32,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11756 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana
AU  - Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša
AU  - Kandić, Aleksandar
AU  - Vukanac, Ivana
AU  - Ivanović, Marija M.
AU  - Knežević, Sanja
AU  - Mirković, Miljana
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/12091
AB  - Improperly storage of fly ash as industrial wastes has been a cause of land contamination issues. These wastes or by-products have the potential to be used as secondary raw materials in construction, promoting the concept of a circular economy that will avoid land contamination. Here we evaluate radiological environmental impacts when wastes that contain elevated levels of naturally occurring radionuclides (NORs) such as fly ash and wood ash are made into 'green cements' such as geopolymers or alkali-activated materials (AAMs). Alkali-activated materials were formed by alkali-activation reaction of wood and fly ash, as a solid precours, and alkali activator solution, sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Three differente concentration of alkali solution were used. Determination of radionuclide content was performed by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. The external absorbed gamma dose rate was 68.6-98.1 nGy/h, and external radiation hazard index for alkali-activated material AAM4, AAM6 and AAM12 were 0.544 Bq/kg, 0.575 Bq/kg and 0.403 Bq/kg, respectively. The results of activity concentration measurements in alkali-activated materials indicate potential of their safe application in building constructions. In terms of some the structural characterizations the obtained alkali activated materials were examined.
AB  - Nepravilno skladištenje letećeg pepela kao industrijskog otpada je uzrok problema kontaminacije zemljišta. Ovaj otpad ili nusproizvodi imaju potencijal da se koriste kao sekundarne sirovine u građevinarstvu, promovišući koncept kružne ekonomije kako bi se izbegla kontaminaciju zemljišta. U ovom radu procenjuje se radiološki uticaj na životnu sredinu kada se otpad koji sadrži povišene nivoe prirodnih radionuklida kao što su leteći pepeo i drveni pepeo pretvara u zelene cemente kao što su geopolimeri ili alkalno aktivirani materijali (AAM). Alkalno-aktivirani materijali nastali su reakcijom alkalne aktivacije drvenog i elektrofilterskog pepela, kao čvrstih prekursora, i rastvora alkalnog aktivatora, natrijum hidroksida i natrijum silikata. Korišćene su tri različite koncentracije ratvora alkalnog aktivatora. Određivanje sadržaja radionuklida urađeno je spektrometrijom gama zraka. Jačina apsorbovane doze bila je 68,6-98,1 nGy/h, a Hex (Bq/kg ) za alkalno aktivirane materijale AAM4, AAM6 i AAM12 je bio 0,544 Bq/kg, 0,575 Bq/kg i 0,403 Bq/kg, respektivno. Rezultati merenja koncentracije aktivnosti u alkalno aktiviranim materijalima ukazuju na potencijal njihove bezbedne primene u građevinskim konstrukcijama. Alkalno aktivirani materijali su ispitani i u pogledu nekih strukturnih karakteristika.
PB  - Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu, Institut za nuklearne nauke "Vinča"
PB  - Društvo za zaštitu od zračenja Srbije i Crne Gore
C3  - 32. simpozijum DZZSCG : zbornik radova
T1  - Radiological Characterization of Alkali Activated Materials Containing Wood and Fly Ash
T1  - Radiološka karakterizacija alkalno aktivnih materijala koji sadrže drveni i leteći pepeo
SP  - 71
EP  - 79
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12091
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kljajević, Ljiljana and Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša and Kandić, Aleksandar and Vukanac, Ivana and Ivanović, Marija M. and Knežević, Sanja and Mirković, Miljana and Nenadović, Snežana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Improperly storage of fly ash as industrial wastes has been a cause of land contamination issues. These wastes or by-products have the potential to be used as secondary raw materials in construction, promoting the concept of a circular economy that will avoid land contamination. Here we evaluate radiological environmental impacts when wastes that contain elevated levels of naturally occurring radionuclides (NORs) such as fly ash and wood ash are made into 'green cements' such as geopolymers or alkali-activated materials (AAMs). Alkali-activated materials were formed by alkali-activation reaction of wood and fly ash, as a solid precours, and alkali activator solution, sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Three differente concentration of alkali solution were used. Determination of radionuclide content was performed by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. The external absorbed gamma dose rate was 68.6-98.1 nGy/h, and external radiation hazard index for alkali-activated material AAM4, AAM6 and AAM12 were 0.544 Bq/kg, 0.575 Bq/kg and 0.403 Bq/kg, respectively. The results of activity concentration measurements in alkali-activated materials indicate potential of their safe application in building constructions. In terms of some the structural characterizations the obtained alkali activated materials were examined., Nepravilno skladištenje letećeg pepela kao industrijskog otpada je uzrok problema kontaminacije zemljišta. Ovaj otpad ili nusproizvodi imaju potencijal da se koriste kao sekundarne sirovine u građevinarstvu, promovišući koncept kružne ekonomije kako bi se izbegla kontaminaciju zemljišta. U ovom radu procenjuje se radiološki uticaj na životnu sredinu kada se otpad koji sadrži povišene nivoe prirodnih radionuklida kao što su leteći pepeo i drveni pepeo pretvara u zelene cemente kao što su geopolimeri ili alkalno aktivirani materijali (AAM). Alkalno-aktivirani materijali nastali su reakcijom alkalne aktivacije drvenog i elektrofilterskog pepela, kao čvrstih prekursora, i rastvora alkalnog aktivatora, natrijum hidroksida i natrijum silikata. Korišćene su tri različite koncentracije ratvora alkalnog aktivatora. Određivanje sadržaja radionuklida urađeno je spektrometrijom gama zraka. Jačina apsorbovane doze bila je 68,6-98,1 nGy/h, a Hex (Bq/kg ) za alkalno aktivirane materijale AAM4, AAM6 i AAM12 je bio 0,544 Bq/kg, 0,575 Bq/kg i 0,403 Bq/kg, respektivno. Rezultati merenja koncentracije aktivnosti u alkalno aktiviranim materijalima ukazuju na potencijal njihove bezbedne primene u građevinskim konstrukcijama. Alkalno aktivirani materijali su ispitani i u pogledu nekih strukturnih karakteristika.",
publisher = "Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu, Institut za nuklearne nauke "Vinča", Društvo za zaštitu od zračenja Srbije i Crne Gore",
journal = "32. simpozijum DZZSCG : zbornik radova",
title = "Radiological Characterization of Alkali Activated Materials Containing Wood and Fly Ash, Radiološka karakterizacija alkalno aktivnih materijala koji sadrže drveni i leteći pepeo",
pages = "71-79",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12091"
}

Kljajević, L., Mladenović Nikolić, N., Kandić, A., Vukanac, I., Ivanović, M. M., Knežević, S., Mirković, M.,& Nenadović, S.. (2023). Radiological Characterization of Alkali Activated Materials Containing Wood and Fly Ash. in 32. simpozijum DZZSCG : zbornik radova
Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu, Institut za nuklearne nauke "Vinča"., 71-79.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12091

Kljajević L, Mladenović Nikolić N, Kandić A, Vukanac I, Ivanović MM, Knežević S, Mirković M, Nenadović S. Radiological Characterization of Alkali Activated Materials Containing Wood and Fly Ash. in 32. simpozijum DZZSCG : zbornik radova. 2023;:71-79.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12091 .

Kljajević, Ljiljana, Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša, Kandić, Aleksandar, Vukanac, Ivana, Ivanović, Marija M., Knežević, Sanja, Mirković, Miljana, Nenadović, Snežana, "Radiological Characterization of Alkali Activated Materials Containing Wood and Fly Ash" in 32. simpozijum DZZSCG : zbornik radova (2023):71-79,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12091 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša
AU  - Trivunac, Katarina
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
AU  - Dolenec, Sabina
AU  - Mrak, Maruša
AU  - Vukanac, Ivana
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/12174
AB  - In this study, fly ash (FA) from the active and passive cassette TENT A (Nikola Tesla power plant, Obrenovac) is characterized from physicochemical and radiological aspects.Samples of FA consisted of amorphous phase followed by quartz, mullite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, hematite and calcite. As indicated by laser granulometry, the fraction D50 of investigated samples are about 80μm, so based on the above, they belong to coarse ashes.Very important parameter which defines chemical composition of the fly ash as precursor material of clinker or alkali activated materialsis presence of organic matter which is expressed by total organic content (TOC).Assessment of radiation exposure during coal combustion depends on the concentration of radioactive elements in the coal and in the resulting fly ash. Fly ash as industrial waste contains certain concentrations of natural radionuclides that are considered naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). The results showed that fly ash has satisfactory radiological properties and can be used as an addition to clinkers, but also as a potential precursor of a new class of alkaline activated materials that can be used in the construction sector.
AB  - Procena izloženosti zračenju pri sagorevanju uglja zavisi od koncentracije radioaktivnih elemenata u uglju i u letećem pepelu koji nastaje. Uzorci letećeg pepela se sastoje od amorfne faze praćene kvarcom, mulitom, plagioklasom, K-feldspatom, hematinom, kalcitom. Kao rezultat laserske granulometrije, frakcija D50 za ispitivane uzorke je približno 80 μm, tako da na osnovu navedenog, leteći pepeli predstavljaju pepele krupnih čestica. Veoma važan parametar je prisustvo organske materije koje se izražava ukupnim organskim sadržajem. Leteći pepeli kao industrijski ostaci sadrže određene koncentracije prirodnih radionuklida koji se smatraju prirodnim radioaktivnim materijalima (NORM). U ovojm istraživanju, leteći pepeo iz aktivne i pasivne kasete TENT A (termoelektrana Nikola Tesla, Obrenovac) karakteriše se sa radiološkog i fizičko-hemijskog aspekta. Rezultati su pokazali da leteći pepeo ima zadovoljavajuća radiološka svojstva i da se može koristiti kao dodatak klinkerima, ali i kao potencijalni precursor nove klase alkalno aktiviranih materijala koji se mogu primeniti u građevinskom sektoru.
PB  - Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu, Institut za nuklearne nauke "Vinča"
PB  - Društvo za zaštitu od zračenja Srbije i Crne Gore
C3  - 32. simpozijum DZZSCG : zbornik radova
T1  - Fly-Ash for Usage in the Building Material Industry
T1  - Upotreba letećeg pepela u industriji građevinskog materijala
SP  - 128
EP  - 136
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12174
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša and Trivunac, Katarina and Nenadović, Miloš and Dolenec, Sabina and Mrak, Maruša and Vukanac, Ivana and Nenadović, Snežana and Kljajević, Ljiljana M.",
year = "2023",
abstract = "In this study, fly ash (FA) from the active and passive cassette TENT A (Nikola Tesla power plant, Obrenovac) is characterized from physicochemical and radiological aspects.Samples of FA consisted of amorphous phase followed by quartz, mullite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, hematite and calcite. As indicated by laser granulometry, the fraction D50 of investigated samples are about 80μm, so based on the above, they belong to coarse ashes.Very important parameter which defines chemical composition of the fly ash as precursor material of clinker or alkali activated materialsis presence of organic matter which is expressed by total organic content (TOC).Assessment of radiation exposure during coal combustion depends on the concentration of radioactive elements in the coal and in the resulting fly ash. Fly ash as industrial waste contains certain concentrations of natural radionuclides that are considered naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). The results showed that fly ash has satisfactory radiological properties and can be used as an addition to clinkers, but also as a potential precursor of a new class of alkaline activated materials that can be used in the construction sector., Procena izloženosti zračenju pri sagorevanju uglja zavisi od koncentracije radioaktivnih elemenata u uglju i u letećem pepelu koji nastaje. Uzorci letećeg pepela se sastoje od amorfne faze praćene kvarcom, mulitom, plagioklasom, K-feldspatom, hematinom, kalcitom. Kao rezultat laserske granulometrije, frakcija D50 za ispitivane uzorke je približno 80 μm, tako da na osnovu navedenog, leteći pepeli predstavljaju pepele krupnih čestica. Veoma važan parametar je prisustvo organske materije koje se izražava ukupnim organskim sadržajem. Leteći pepeli kao industrijski ostaci sadrže određene koncentracije prirodnih radionuklida koji se smatraju prirodnim radioaktivnim materijalima (NORM). U ovojm istraživanju, leteći pepeo iz aktivne i pasivne kasete TENT A (termoelektrana Nikola Tesla, Obrenovac) karakteriše se sa radiološkog i fizičko-hemijskog aspekta. Rezultati su pokazali da leteći pepeo ima zadovoljavajuća radiološka svojstva i da se može koristiti kao dodatak klinkerima, ali i kao potencijalni precursor nove klase alkalno aktiviranih materijala koji se mogu primeniti u građevinskom sektoru.",
publisher = "Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu, Institut za nuklearne nauke "Vinča", Društvo za zaštitu od zračenja Srbije i Crne Gore",
journal = "32. simpozijum DZZSCG : zbornik radova",
title = "Fly-Ash for Usage in the Building Material Industry, Upotreba letećeg pepela u industriji građevinskog materijala",
pages = "128-136",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12174"
}

Mladenović Nikolić, N., Trivunac, K., Nenadović, M., Dolenec, S., Mrak, M., Vukanac, I., Nenadović, S.,& Kljajević, L. M.. (2023). Fly-Ash for Usage in the Building Material Industry. in 32. simpozijum DZZSCG : zbornik radova
Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu, Institut za nuklearne nauke "Vinča"., 128-136.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12174

Mladenović Nikolić N, Trivunac K, Nenadović M, Dolenec S, Mrak M, Vukanac I, Nenadović S, Kljajević LM. Fly-Ash for Usage in the Building Material Industry. in 32. simpozijum DZZSCG : zbornik radova. 2023;:128-136.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12174 .

Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša, Trivunac, Katarina, Nenadović, Miloš, Dolenec, Sabina, Mrak, Maruša, Vukanac, Ivana, Nenadović, Snežana, Kljajević, Ljiljana M., "Fly-Ash for Usage in the Building Material Industry" in 32. simpozijum DZZSCG : zbornik radova (2023):128-136,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12174 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
AU  - Ivanović, M.
AU  - Knežević, Sanja
AU  - Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša
AU  - Vukanac, Ivana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/11751
AB  - The main goal of this study was the evaluation of physical–chemical, as well as radiological properties of residual materials used for synthesis of alkali activated materials (AAMs) for the possible application as new materials in a civil engineering industry. Also, the purpose of this research was to investigate the hydrophobicity of new alumino-silicate materials and the influence of Si/Al ratio on their surface properties. Contact angle measurement (CAM) as reliable indicator of hydrophobicity was determined for synthesized AAMs using water and ethylene glycol as reference liquids. Alkali-activated materials were synthesized from various precursors: kaolin, bentonite and diatomite. Characterization of phase structure and microstructure was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) spectroscopy. Contact angle measurements confirmed that the alkali-activated materials synthesized from metakaolin are the most porous, which can be explained by the smallest Si/Al ratio. The maximum value of contact angle and free surface energy (110.2 mJ/m2 ) has been achieved for alkali-activated materials synthesized by diatomite (GPMD). Concentration of 40K and radionuclides from the 238U and 232Th decay series in waste precursors, their metaphases and AAM samples synthetized by alkali activation were determined together with corresponding absorbed dose rate (D˙) and the annual effective dose rate. Natural activity concentrations in the alkali-activated materials were found to be lower than that of both residual materials and calcined ones.
PB  - Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia
C3  - 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia
T1  - Green Alkali Activated Materials Based on The Different Precursors
SP  - 23
EP  - 23
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11751
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kljajević, Ljiljana and Nenadović, Miloš and Ivanović, M. and Knežević, Sanja and Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša and Vukanac, Ivana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "The main goal of this study was the evaluation of physical–chemical, as well as radiological properties of residual materials used for synthesis of alkali activated materials (AAMs) for the possible application as new materials in a civil engineering industry. Also, the purpose of this research was to investigate the hydrophobicity of new alumino-silicate materials and the influence of Si/Al ratio on their surface properties. Contact angle measurement (CAM) as reliable indicator of hydrophobicity was determined for synthesized AAMs using water and ethylene glycol as reference liquids. Alkali-activated materials were synthesized from various precursors: kaolin, bentonite and diatomite. Characterization of phase structure and microstructure was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) spectroscopy. Contact angle measurements confirmed that the alkali-activated materials synthesized from metakaolin are the most porous, which can be explained by the smallest Si/Al ratio. The maximum value of contact angle and free surface energy (110.2 mJ/m2 ) has been achieved for alkali-activated materials synthesized by diatomite (GPMD). Concentration of 40K and radionuclides from the 238U and 232Th decay series in waste precursors, their metaphases and AAM samples synthetized by alkali activation were determined together with corresponding absorbed dose rate (D˙) and the annual effective dose rate. Natural activity concentrations in the alkali-activated materials were found to be lower than that of both residual materials and calcined ones.",
publisher = "Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia",
journal = "26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia",
title = "Green Alkali Activated Materials Based on The Different Precursors",
pages = "23-23",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11751"
}

Kljajević, L., Nenadović, M., Ivanović, M., Knežević, S., Mladenović Nikolić, N.,& Vukanac, I.. (2023). Green Alkali Activated Materials Based on The Different Precursors. in 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia
Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia., 23-23.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11751

Kljajević L, Nenadović M, Ivanović M, Knežević S, Mladenović Nikolić N, Vukanac I. Green Alkali Activated Materials Based on The Different Precursors. in 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia. 2023;:23-23.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11751 .

Kljajević, Ljiljana, Nenadović, Miloš, Ivanović, M., Knežević, Sanja, Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša, Vukanac, Ivana, "Green Alkali Activated Materials Based on The Different Precursors" in 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia (2023):23-23,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11751 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
AU  - Kisić, Danilo
AU  - Ivanović, Marija M.
AU  - Knežević, Sanja
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/11749
AB  - The aim of this study was determination of physical-chemical, radiological and structural characteristics of kaolin, fly ash and the products of alkali-activated as well as thermally treated kaolin (alkali activated materials). Kaolin (raw material) and fly ash (industrial waste) used in the investigation showed the great potential for obtaining alkali activated materials as relatively new products to be used in construction and civil engineering as green cements. Physical-chemical and structural characterization was conducted using X ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Activity concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides in kaolin, metakaolin, fly ash and alkali activated materials were determined. The absorbed dose rate (D) and the annual effective dose rate (EDR), were calculated in accordance to the UNSCEAR 2000 report. Kaolin was thermally treated on 750°C, and specific activity of natural radionuclides in metakaolin increased up to 1.6, while specific activities in alkali activated materials were significantly reduced.
PB  - Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia
C3  - 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia
T1  - Physicochemical, Radiological and Structural Properties of Alkali Activated Materials – Future Trends and Applications
SP  - 21
EP  - 21
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11749
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Nenadović, Miloš and Kisić, Danilo and Ivanović, Marija M. and Knežević, Sanja and Nenadović, Snežana and Kljajević, Ljiljana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "The aim of this study was determination of physical-chemical, radiological and structural characteristics of kaolin, fly ash and the products of alkali-activated as well as thermally treated kaolin (alkali activated materials). Kaolin (raw material) and fly ash (industrial waste) used in the investigation showed the great potential for obtaining alkali activated materials as relatively new products to be used in construction and civil engineering as green cements. Physical-chemical and structural characterization was conducted using X ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Activity concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides in kaolin, metakaolin, fly ash and alkali activated materials were determined. The absorbed dose rate (D) and the annual effective dose rate (EDR), were calculated in accordance to the UNSCEAR 2000 report. Kaolin was thermally treated on 750°C, and specific activity of natural radionuclides in metakaolin increased up to 1.6, while specific activities in alkali activated materials were significantly reduced.",
publisher = "Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia",
journal = "26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia",
title = "Physicochemical, Radiological and Structural Properties of Alkali Activated Materials – Future Trends and Applications",
pages = "21-21",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11749"
}

Nenadović, M., Kisić, D., Ivanović, M. M., Knežević, S., Nenadović, S.,& Kljajević, L.. (2023). Physicochemical, Radiological and Structural Properties of Alkali Activated Materials – Future Trends and Applications. in 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia
Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia., 21-21.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11749

Nenadović M, Kisić D, Ivanović MM, Knežević S, Nenadović S, Kljajević L. Physicochemical, Radiological and Structural Properties of Alkali Activated Materials – Future Trends and Applications. in 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia. 2023;:21-21.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11749 .

Nenadović, Miloš, Kisić, Danilo, Ivanović, Marija M., Knežević, Sanja, Nenadović, Snežana, Kljajević, Ljiljana, "Physicochemical, Radiological and Structural Properties of Alkali Activated Materials – Future Trends and Applications" in 26th Congress of the Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia : the book of abstracts; September 20-23, Ohrid, Macedonia (2023):21-21,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11749 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana B.
AU  - Gulicovski, Jelena J.
AU  - Mirković, Miljana M.
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
AU  - Bošković, Ivana
AU  - Vukčević, Mira
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10253
AB  - In recent years geopolymers have shown increased interest as binders with low CO2 emission compared to Portland cement. The main goal of this research is focused on connecting green and sustainable characteristics with the mechanical and chemical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer. The samples of different ratios of fly ash (FA) and metakaolin (MK) were prepared. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) showed that in the geopolymer synthesis reaction a new amorphous phase was formed. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) confirmed characteristic bands of the Si-O and O-Si-O groups at 1045 cm−1. Compressive strength analysis revealed that the optimal ratio of FA and MK is 50:50 and exhibits the highest value. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed the total reduction of carbon content in the alkali-activated geopolymer with the optimal stoichiometry of 50:50. This indicates the possibility of obtaining a geopolymer material with an almost complete absence of carbon, which implies further application as a material with a very high environmental potential and of zero carbon emissions.
T2  - Sustainability
T1  - Structural, Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Low Content Carbon Geopolymer
VL  - 14
IS  - 9
SP  - 4885
DO  - 10.3390/su14094885
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nenadović, Snežana B. and Gulicovski, Jelena J. and Mirković, Miljana M. and Kljajević, Ljiljana M. and Bošković, Ivana and Vukčević, Mira and Nenadović, Miloš",
year = "2022",
abstract = "In recent years geopolymers have shown increased interest as binders with low CO2 emission compared to Portland cement. The main goal of this research is focused on connecting green and sustainable characteristics with the mechanical and chemical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer. The samples of different ratios of fly ash (FA) and metakaolin (MK) were prepared. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) showed that in the geopolymer synthesis reaction a new amorphous phase was formed. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) confirmed characteristic bands of the Si-O and O-Si-O groups at 1045 cm−1. Compressive strength analysis revealed that the optimal ratio of FA and MK is 50:50 and exhibits the highest value. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed the total reduction of carbon content in the alkali-activated geopolymer with the optimal stoichiometry of 50:50. This indicates the possibility of obtaining a geopolymer material with an almost complete absence of carbon, which implies further application as a material with a very high environmental potential and of zero carbon emissions.",
journal = "Sustainability",
title = "Structural, Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Low Content Carbon Geopolymer",
volume = "14",
number = "9",
pages = "4885",
doi = "10.3390/su14094885"
}

Nenadović, S. B., Gulicovski, J. J., Mirković, M. M., Kljajević, L. M., Bošković, I., Vukčević, M.,& Nenadović, M.. (2022). Structural, Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Low Content Carbon Geopolymer. in Sustainability, 14(9), 4885.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14094885

Nenadović SB, Gulicovski JJ, Mirković MM, Kljajević LM, Bošković I, Vukčević M, Nenadović M. Structural, Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Low Content Carbon Geopolymer. in Sustainability. 2022;14(9):4885.
doi:10.3390/su14094885 .

Nenadović, Snežana B., Gulicovski, Jelena J., Mirković, Miljana M., Kljajević, Ljiljana M., Bošković, Ivana, Vukčević, Mira, Nenadović, Miloš, "Structural, Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Low Content Carbon Geopolymer" in Sustainability, 14, no. 9 (2022):4885,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14094885 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mladenović-Nikolić, Nataša
AU  - Kandić, Aleksandar
AU  - Trivunac, Katarina V.
AU  - Mirković, Miljana M.
AU  - Vukanac, Ivana
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana S.
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10480
AB  - The aim of the presented research was to investigate the application possibility of wood ash and metakaolin to obtain alkali-activated materials as relatively new materials in the building industry. Thus, in order to assess the adequate use of these waste materials, structural and radiological characteristics should be considered. Until now, the focus has been on ash from thermal power plants produced by burning coal, but a large part of households in our country have individual fireplaces in which wood is used as the basic raw material; thus, it is very interesting to measure the activity concentration of radionuclide in wood ash as well as the possibility of reusing that ash for other purposes. All materials were studied, in terms of physical and chemical characteristics, by methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). XRD measurements of wood ash samples showed that it consists of calcite and larnite. FTIR spectroscopy revealed a polymeric Si–O–Al framework in alkali-activated materials and Si–O bonding bands corresponding to silicon dioxide. Determination of radionuclide content was performed by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. Results showed that the alkaline activation process led to the decrease in the activity concentration of radionuclides detected in the measured samples. External radiation hazard index (Hex) for wood ash was reduced by more than 50% after alkali activation. The results of activity concentration measurements in alkali-activated materials indicate potential for their safe application in building construction.
T2  - Sustainability
T1  - Radiological and Structural Characterization of Raw and Alkali-Activated Wood Ash and Metakaolin Blends
VL  - 14
IS  - 20
SP  - 12960
DO  - 10.3390/su142012960
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mladenović-Nikolić, Nataša and Kandić, Aleksandar and Trivunac, Katarina V. and Mirković, Miljana M. and Vukanac, Ivana and Nenadović, Snežana S. and Kljajević, Ljiljana M.",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The aim of the presented research was to investigate the application possibility of wood ash and metakaolin to obtain alkali-activated materials as relatively new materials in the building industry. Thus, in order to assess the adequate use of these waste materials, structural and radiological characteristics should be considered. Until now, the focus has been on ash from thermal power plants produced by burning coal, but a large part of households in our country have individual fireplaces in which wood is used as the basic raw material; thus, it is very interesting to measure the activity concentration of radionuclide in wood ash as well as the possibility of reusing that ash for other purposes. All materials were studied, in terms of physical and chemical characteristics, by methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). XRD measurements of wood ash samples showed that it consists of calcite and larnite. FTIR spectroscopy revealed a polymeric Si–O–Al framework in alkali-activated materials and Si–O bonding bands corresponding to silicon dioxide. Determination of radionuclide content was performed by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. Results showed that the alkaline activation process led to the decrease in the activity concentration of radionuclides detected in the measured samples. External radiation hazard index (Hex) for wood ash was reduced by more than 50% after alkali activation. The results of activity concentration measurements in alkali-activated materials indicate potential for their safe application in building construction.",
journal = "Sustainability",
title = "Radiological and Structural Characterization of Raw and Alkali-Activated Wood Ash and Metakaolin Blends",
volume = "14",
number = "20",
pages = "12960",
doi = "10.3390/su142012960"
}

Mladenović-Nikolić, N., Kandić, A., Trivunac, K. V., Mirković, M. M., Vukanac, I., Nenadović, S. S.,& Kljajević, L. M.. (2022). Radiological and Structural Characterization of Raw and Alkali-Activated Wood Ash and Metakaolin Blends. in Sustainability, 14(20), 12960.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su142012960

Mladenović-Nikolić N, Kandić A, Trivunac KV, Mirković MM, Vukanac I, Nenadović SS, Kljajević LM. Radiological and Structural Characterization of Raw and Alkali-Activated Wood Ash and Metakaolin Blends. in Sustainability. 2022;14(20):12960.
doi:10.3390/su142012960 .

Mladenović-Nikolić, Nataša, Kandić, Aleksandar, Trivunac, Katarina V., Mirković, Miljana M., Vukanac, Ivana, Nenadović, Snežana S., Kljajević, Ljiljana M., "Radiological and Structural Characterization of Raw and Alkali-Activated Wood Ash and Metakaolin Blends" in Sustainability, 14, no. 20 (2022):12960,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su142012960 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
AU  - Ivanović, Marija M.
AU  - Bučevac, Dušan
AU  - Mirković, Miljana M.
AU  - Mladenović-Nikolić, Nataša
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana S.
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10635
AB  - In this paper, raw natural metakaolin (MK, Serbia) clay was used as a starting material for the synthesis of geopolymers for thermal treatment. Metakaolin was obtained by calcination of kaolin at 750 °C for 1 h while geopolymer samples were calcined at 900 °C, which is the key transition temperature. Metakaolin was activated by a solution of NaOH of various concentrations and sodium silicate. During the controlled heat treatment, the geopolymer samples began to melt slightly and coagulate locally. The high-temperature exposure of geopolymer samples (900 °C) caused a significant reduction in oxygen, and even more sodium, which led to the formation of a complex porous structure. As the concentration of NaOH (6 mol dm−3 and 8 mol dm−3) increased, new semi-crystalline phases of nepheline and sanidine were formed. Thermal properties were increasingly used to better understand and improve the properties of geopolymers at high temperatures. Temperature changes were monitored by simultaneous use of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The loss of mass of the investigated samples at 900 °C was in the range of 8–16%. Thermal treatment of geopolymers at 900 °C did not have much effect on the change in compressive strength of investigated samples. The results of thermal treatment of geopolymers at 900 °C showed that this is approximately the temperature at which the structure of the geopolymer turns into a ceramic-like structure. All investigated properties of the geopolymers are closely connected to the precursors and the constituents of the geopolymers.
T2  - Gels
T1  - Heat Treatment of Geopolymer Samples Obtained by Varying Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide as Constituent of Alkali Activator
VL  - 8
SP  - 333
DO  - 10.3390/gels8060333
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kljajević, Ljiljana M. and Nenadović, Miloš and Ivanović, Marija M. and Bučevac, Dušan and Mirković, Miljana M. and Mladenović-Nikolić, Nataša and Nenadović, Snežana S.",
year = "2022",
abstract = "In this paper, raw natural metakaolin (MK, Serbia) clay was used as a starting material for the synthesis of geopolymers for thermal treatment. Metakaolin was obtained by calcination of kaolin at 750 °C for 1 h while geopolymer samples were calcined at 900 °C, which is the key transition temperature. Metakaolin was activated by a solution of NaOH of various concentrations and sodium silicate. During the controlled heat treatment, the geopolymer samples began to melt slightly and coagulate locally. The high-temperature exposure of geopolymer samples (900 °C) caused a significant reduction in oxygen, and even more sodium, which led to the formation of a complex porous structure. As the concentration of NaOH (6 mol dm−3 and 8 mol dm−3) increased, new semi-crystalline phases of nepheline and sanidine were formed. Thermal properties were increasingly used to better understand and improve the properties of geopolymers at high temperatures. Temperature changes were monitored by simultaneous use of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The loss of mass of the investigated samples at 900 °C was in the range of 8–16%. Thermal treatment of geopolymers at 900 °C did not have much effect on the change in compressive strength of investigated samples. The results of thermal treatment of geopolymers at 900 °C showed that this is approximately the temperature at which the structure of the geopolymer turns into a ceramic-like structure. All investigated properties of the geopolymers are closely connected to the precursors and the constituents of the geopolymers.",
journal = "Gels",
title = "Heat Treatment of Geopolymer Samples Obtained by Varying Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide as Constituent of Alkali Activator",
volume = "8",
pages = "333",
doi = "10.3390/gels8060333"
}

Kljajević, L. M., Nenadović, M., Ivanović, M. M., Bučevac, D., Mirković, M. M., Mladenović-Nikolić, N.,& Nenadović, S. S.. (2022). Heat Treatment of Geopolymer Samples Obtained by Varying Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide as Constituent of Alkali Activator. in Gels, 8, 333.
https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8060333

Kljajević LM, Nenadović M, Ivanović MM, Bučevac D, Mirković MM, Mladenović-Nikolić N, Nenadović SS. Heat Treatment of Geopolymer Samples Obtained by Varying Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide as Constituent of Alkali Activator. in Gels. 2022;8:333.
doi:10.3390/gels8060333 .

Kljajević, Ljiljana M., Nenadović, Miloš, Ivanović, Marija M., Bučevac, Dušan, Mirković, Miljana M., Mladenović-Nikolić, Nataša, Nenadović, Snežana S., "Heat Treatment of Geopolymer Samples Obtained by Varying Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide as Constituent of Alkali Activator" in Gels, 8 (2022):333,
https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8060333 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Bučevac, Dušan
AU  - Mirković, Miljana M.
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana S.
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
AU  - Omerašević, Mia
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10801
AB  - Comprehensive study on effect of YAG amount on densification, creep resistance and mechanical properties of Al2O3-YAG composite pressureless sintered at 1600 o C was conducted. The main goal was to optimize the amount of YAG in order to fabricate a composite with improved creep resistance and sufficiently good mechanical properties. The composite was made by mixing a commercially available Al2O3 powder with fine YAG powder obtained by glycine-nitrate combustion synthesis. Increased driving force for sintering of fine YAG powder allowed fabrication of dense Al2O3-YAG composite containing up to 30 vol% YAG. The presence of YAG was found to be effective in improving creep resistance as well as mechanical properties of Al2O3-YAG composite such as hardness and elastic modulus. While fracture strength of the composite can be as high as that of monolithic Al2O3 (~ 300 MPa), fracture toughness of composite decreased continuously as the YAG content increased. The decrease was ascribed to transgranular fracture of both YAG and Al2O3 grains in samples containing larger amounts of YAG. The proper balance between fracture toughness and creep resistance was found in composite containing 18 vol% YAG which had considerably improved creep resistance accompanied by a relatively small decrease in fracture toughness which reached value of ~ 3 MPa·m1/2. Hardness and elastic modulus were found to be 15 GPa and 371 GPa, respectively.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Ceramic Society
C3  - Advanced Ceramics and Application : 10th Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : program and the book of abstracts; September 26-27, 2022; Belgrade
T1  - Al2O3-YAG ceramic composite with improved creep resistance
SP  - 61
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10801
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Bučevac, Dušan and Mirković, Miljana M. and Nenadović, Snežana S. and Kljajević, Ljiljana M. and Omerašević, Mia",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Comprehensive study on effect of YAG amount on densification, creep resistance and mechanical properties of Al2O3-YAG composite pressureless sintered at 1600 o C was conducted. The main goal was to optimize the amount of YAG in order to fabricate a composite with improved creep resistance and sufficiently good mechanical properties. The composite was made by mixing a commercially available Al2O3 powder with fine YAG powder obtained by glycine-nitrate combustion synthesis. Increased driving force for sintering of fine YAG powder allowed fabrication of dense Al2O3-YAG composite containing up to 30 vol% YAG. The presence of YAG was found to be effective in improving creep resistance as well as mechanical properties of Al2O3-YAG composite such as hardness and elastic modulus. While fracture strength of the composite can be as high as that of monolithic Al2O3 (~ 300 MPa), fracture toughness of composite decreased continuously as the YAG content increased. The decrease was ascribed to transgranular fracture of both YAG and Al2O3 grains in samples containing larger amounts of YAG. The proper balance between fracture toughness and creep resistance was found in composite containing 18 vol% YAG which had considerably improved creep resistance accompanied by a relatively small decrease in fracture toughness which reached value of ~ 3 MPa·m1/2. Hardness and elastic modulus were found to be 15 GPa and 371 GPa, respectively.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Ceramic Society",
journal = "Advanced Ceramics and Application : 10th Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : program and the book of abstracts; September 26-27, 2022; Belgrade",
title = "Al2O3-YAG ceramic composite with improved creep resistance",
pages = "61",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10801"
}

Bučevac, D., Mirković, M. M., Nenadović, S. S., Kljajević, L. M.,& Omerašević, M.. (2022). Al2O3-YAG ceramic composite with improved creep resistance. in Advanced Ceramics and Application : 10th Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : program and the book of abstracts; September 26-27, 2022; Belgrade
Belgrade : Serbian Ceramic Society., 61.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10801

Bučevac D, Mirković MM, Nenadović SS, Kljajević LM, Omerašević M. Al2O3-YAG ceramic composite with improved creep resistance. in Advanced Ceramics and Application : 10th Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : program and the book of abstracts; September 26-27, 2022; Belgrade. 2022;:61.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10801 .

Bučevac, Dušan, Mirković, Miljana M., Nenadović, Snežana S., Kljajević, Ljiljana M., Omerašević, Mia, "Al2O3-YAG ceramic composite with improved creep resistance" in Advanced Ceramics and Application : 10th Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : program and the book of abstracts; September 26-27, 2022; Belgrade (2022):61,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10801 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Knežević, Sanja
AU  - Ivanović, Marija
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana S.
AU  - Potočnik, Jelena
AU  - Mirković, Miljana M.
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10803
AB  - Rare earth oxides have been broadly utilised in different research areas due to their unique properties. This research aims to examine the effect of Nd and Sm in the form of oxide addition in the metakaolin-based geopolymer matrix. Metakaolin-based geopolymers with the addition of different percentages of Sm2O3 and Nd2O3 (S1-S6) were synthesised. Samples contained 0.1% Sm; 1% Sm; 5% Sm, and 0.1% Nd, 1% Nd, and 5% Nd. The focus was on monitoring the polymerisation process using the DRIFT method for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The phase composition of the samples was confirmed by the XRD method, while the morphology of the samples was analysed by SEM analysis. After 28 days, due to the polymerisation process, the binding of Neodymium and Samarium ions were incorporated into the structure.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Ceramic Society
C3  - Advanced Ceramics and Application : 10th Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : program and the book of abstracts; September 26-27, 2022; Belgrade
T1  - Crosslinking of rare earth ions into aluminosilicate inorganic polymer
SP  - 72
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10803
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Knežević, Sanja and Ivanović, Marija and Kljajević, Ljiljana M. and Nenadović, Snežana S. and Potočnik, Jelena and Mirković, Miljana M. and Nenadović, Miloš",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Rare earth oxides have been broadly utilised in different research areas due to their unique properties. This research aims to examine the effect of Nd and Sm in the form of oxide addition in the metakaolin-based geopolymer matrix. Metakaolin-based geopolymers with the addition of different percentages of Sm2O3 and Nd2O3 (S1-S6) were synthesised. Samples contained 0.1% Sm; 1% Sm; 5% Sm, and 0.1% Nd, 1% Nd, and 5% Nd. The focus was on monitoring the polymerisation process using the DRIFT method for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The phase composition of the samples was confirmed by the XRD method, while the morphology of the samples was analysed by SEM analysis. After 28 days, due to the polymerisation process, the binding of Neodymium and Samarium ions were incorporated into the structure.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Ceramic Society",
journal = "Advanced Ceramics and Application : 10th Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : program and the book of abstracts; September 26-27, 2022; Belgrade",
title = "Crosslinking of rare earth ions into aluminosilicate inorganic polymer",
pages = "72",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10803"
}

Knežević, S., Ivanović, M., Kljajević, L. M., Nenadović, S. S., Potočnik, J., Mirković, M. M.,& Nenadović, M.. (2022). Crosslinking of rare earth ions into aluminosilicate inorganic polymer. in Advanced Ceramics and Application : 10th Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : program and the book of abstracts; September 26-27, 2022; Belgrade
Belgrade : Serbian Ceramic Society., 72.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10803

Knežević S, Ivanović M, Kljajević LM, Nenadović SS, Potočnik J, Mirković MM, Nenadović M. Crosslinking of rare earth ions into aluminosilicate inorganic polymer. in Advanced Ceramics and Application : 10th Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : program and the book of abstracts; September 26-27, 2022; Belgrade. 2022;:72.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10803 .

Knežević, Sanja, Ivanović, Marija, Kljajević, Ljiljana M., Nenadović, Snežana S., Potočnik, Jelena, Mirković, Miljana M., Nenadović, Miloš, "Crosslinking of rare earth ions into aluminosilicate inorganic polymer" in Advanced Ceramics and Application : 10th Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : program and the book of abstracts; September 26-27, 2022; Belgrade (2022):72,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10803 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša
AU  - Knežević, Sanja
AU  - Ivanović, Marija
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana S.
AU  - Mirković, Miljana M.
AU  - Pavlović, Vladimir B.
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10805
AB  - Presented research related to the structure of a different kind of alumosilicate matrix of alkali activated materials (AAM). Fly ash (FA), wood ash (WA) and metakaolin (MK) were used as a solid precursors of final AAM samples. Synthesis of the AAM was conducted by mixing in a determined ratio solid precursors and an alkali activator (sodium silicate solution, NaOH solutions concentration-4 mol dm-3 and 12 mol dm-3 ). AAM samples were synthesized by a two-component system: MK/FA and WA/MK. The ratio of components MK/FA and WA/MK was 0.9. The AAM samples were cured at determined laboratory conditions (time, temperature, humidity, aging) in covering mold. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were provided to the samples after twenty-eight days of geopolymerization process. The higher background of both MK/FA and WA/MK based AAM samples indicates the achievement of amorphization during the geopolymerization process. In investigated samples, the characteristic stretching asymmetric vibrations C=O, and carbonate vibrations were expected in highly alkaline FA/MK and WA/MK mixture. SEM morphology of all AAM samples noticed an amorphous phase with irregularly distributed, agglomerated particles, and some crystal phases originating from raw materials on the surface alumosilicate matrix.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Ceramic Society
C3  - Advanced Ceramics and Application : 10th Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : program and the book of abstracts; September 26-27, 2022; Belgrade
T1  - Aluminosilicate matrix of alkali activated mixture of metakaolin/fly ash and wood ash/metakaolin
SP  - 73
EP  - 74
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10805
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša and Knežević, Sanja and Ivanović, Marija and Nenadović, Snežana S. and Mirković, Miljana M. and Pavlović, Vladimir B. and Kljajević, Ljiljana M.",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Presented research related to the structure of a different kind of alumosilicate matrix of alkali activated materials (AAM). Fly ash (FA), wood ash (WA) and metakaolin (MK) were used as a solid precursors of final AAM samples. Synthesis of the AAM was conducted by mixing in a determined ratio solid precursors and an alkali activator (sodium silicate solution, NaOH solutions concentration-4 mol dm-3 and 12 mol dm-3 ). AAM samples were synthesized by a two-component system: MK/FA and WA/MK. The ratio of components MK/FA and WA/MK was 0.9. The AAM samples were cured at determined laboratory conditions (time, temperature, humidity, aging) in covering mold. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were provided to the samples after twenty-eight days of geopolymerization process. The higher background of both MK/FA and WA/MK based AAM samples indicates the achievement of amorphization during the geopolymerization process. In investigated samples, the characteristic stretching asymmetric vibrations C=O, and carbonate vibrations were expected in highly alkaline FA/MK and WA/MK mixture. SEM morphology of all AAM samples noticed an amorphous phase with irregularly distributed, agglomerated particles, and some crystal phases originating from raw materials on the surface alumosilicate matrix.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Ceramic Society",
journal = "Advanced Ceramics and Application : 10th Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : program and the book of abstracts; September 26-27, 2022; Belgrade",
title = "Aluminosilicate matrix of alkali activated mixture of metakaolin/fly ash and wood ash/metakaolin",
pages = "73-74",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10805"
}

Mladenović Nikolić, N., Knežević, S., Ivanović, M., Nenadović, S. S., Mirković, M. M., Pavlović, V. B.,& Kljajević, L. M.. (2022). Aluminosilicate matrix of alkali activated mixture of metakaolin/fly ash and wood ash/metakaolin. in Advanced Ceramics and Application : 10th Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : program and the book of abstracts; September 26-27, 2022; Belgrade
Belgrade : Serbian Ceramic Society., 73-74.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10805

Mladenović Nikolić N, Knežević S, Ivanović M, Nenadović SS, Mirković MM, Pavlović VB, Kljajević LM. Aluminosilicate matrix of alkali activated mixture of metakaolin/fly ash and wood ash/metakaolin. in Advanced Ceramics and Application : 10th Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : program and the book of abstracts; September 26-27, 2022; Belgrade. 2022;:73-74.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10805 .

Mladenović Nikolić, Nataša, Knežević, Sanja, Ivanović, Marija, Nenadović, Snežana S., Mirković, Miljana M., Pavlović, Vladimir B., Kljajević, Ljiljana M., "Aluminosilicate matrix of alkali activated mixture of metakaolin/fly ash and wood ash/metakaolin" in Advanced Ceramics and Application : 10th Serbian Ceramic Society Conference : program and the book of abstracts; September 26-27, 2022; Belgrade (2022):73-74,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10805 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
AU  - Petković, Marijana
AU  - Bučevac, Dušan
AU  - Pavlović, Vladimir B.
AU  - Mladenović-Nikolić, Nataša
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana B.
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10246
AB  - The effect of zircon (ZrSiO4) on the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of geopolymer/zircon composites was examined in this study. Four geopolymer/zircon composites containing 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.% zircon were prepared from metakaolin with alkali activators. Characterization of the obtained geopolymers was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). XRD results did not confirmed the formation of interconnected phases between added zircon, starting aluminum silicates and alkali activators. Compressive strength of prepared geopolymer was examined. The maximum obtained compressive strength of 70.15 MPa was measured in sample containing the smallest fraction of zircon, i.e., 10 wt.%. Addition of larger amount of zircon (20 wt.%) hinders the progress of geopolymerization reaction and consequently decreases compressive strength.
T2  - Science of Sintering
T1  - Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of geopolymer/zircon composites
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
SP  - 11
EP  - 24
DO  - 10.2298/SOS2201011K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kljajević, Ljiljana M. and Nenadović, Miloš and Petković, Marijana and Bučevac, Dušan and Pavlović, Vladimir B. and Mladenović-Nikolić, Nataša and Nenadović, Snežana B.",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The effect of zircon (ZrSiO4) on the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of geopolymer/zircon composites was examined in this study. Four geopolymer/zircon composites containing 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.% zircon were prepared from metakaolin with alkali activators. Characterization of the obtained geopolymers was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). XRD results did not confirmed the formation of interconnected phases between added zircon, starting aluminum silicates and alkali activators. Compressive strength of prepared geopolymer was examined. The maximum obtained compressive strength of 70.15 MPa was measured in sample containing the smallest fraction of zircon, i.e., 10 wt.%. Addition of larger amount of zircon (20 wt.%) hinders the progress of geopolymerization reaction and consequently decreases compressive strength.",
journal = "Science of Sintering",
title = "Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of geopolymer/zircon composites",
volume = "54",
number = "1",
pages = "11-24",
doi = "10.2298/SOS2201011K"
}

Kljajević, L. M., Nenadović, M., Petković, M., Bučevac, D., Pavlović, V. B., Mladenović-Nikolić, N.,& Nenadović, S. B.. (2022). Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of geopolymer/zircon composites. in Science of Sintering, 54(1), 11-24.
https://doi.org/10.2298/SOS2201011K

Kljajević LM, Nenadović M, Petković M, Bučevac D, Pavlović VB, Mladenović-Nikolić N, Nenadović SB. Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of geopolymer/zircon composites. in Science of Sintering. 2022;54(1):11-24.
doi:10.2298/SOS2201011K .

Kljajević, Ljiljana M., Nenadović, Miloš, Petković, Marijana, Bučevac, Dušan, Pavlović, Vladimir B., Mladenović-Nikolić, Nataša, Nenadović, Snežana B., "Physico-chemical and mechanical properties of geopolymer/zircon composites" in Science of Sintering, 54, no. 1 (2022):11-24,
https://doi.org/10.2298/SOS2201011K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
AU  - Ferone, Claudio
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
AU  - Mirković, Miljana M.
AU  - Todorović, Bratislav 
AU  - Vukanac, Ivana
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana S.
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9950
AB  - Presented study deals with the final structure and radiological properties of different fly-ash based geopolymers. Lignite fly-ash (lignite Kolubara – Serbia) and wood fly ash were obtained in combustion process together with commercial fly-ash. Synthesis of the geopolymers was conducted by mixing fly-ash, sodium silicate solution, NaOH and water. The samples were strengthened 60 °C for 48 hours after staying at room temperature in covering mold for 24 hours. The X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and SAM measurements were conducted on the samples after 28 days of geopolymerization process. The X-ray diffraction measurements of lignite fly-ash samples show anhydrite as the main constituent, while wood fly-ash samples consist of calcite, albite and gypsum minerals. Besides determination of physicochemical properties, the aim of this study was radiological characterization of lignite fly-ash, wood fly-ash and the obtained geopolymer products. Activity concentration of 40K and radionuclides from the 238U and 232Th decay series, in ash samples and fly-ash based geopolymers, were determined by means of gamma-ray spectrometry, and the absorbed dose rate, D, and the annual effective dose rate, E, were calculated in accordance with the UNSCEAR 2000 report.
T2  - Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection
T1  - Alkali activation of different type of ash as a production of combustion process
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
SP  - 66
EP  - 73
DO  - 10.2298/NTRP201120006N
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nenadović, Miloš and Ferone, Claudio and Kljajević, Ljiljana M. and Mirković, Miljana M. and Todorović, Bratislav  and Vukanac, Ivana and Nenadović, Snežana S.",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Presented study deals with the final structure and radiological properties of different fly-ash based geopolymers. Lignite fly-ash (lignite Kolubara – Serbia) and wood fly ash were obtained in combustion process together with commercial fly-ash. Synthesis of the geopolymers was conducted by mixing fly-ash, sodium silicate solution, NaOH and water. The samples were strengthened 60 °C for 48 hours after staying at room temperature in covering mold for 24 hours. The X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and SAM measurements were conducted on the samples after 28 days of geopolymerization process. The X-ray diffraction measurements of lignite fly-ash samples show anhydrite as the main constituent, while wood fly-ash samples consist of calcite, albite and gypsum minerals. Besides determination of physicochemical properties, the aim of this study was radiological characterization of lignite fly-ash, wood fly-ash and the obtained geopolymer products. Activity concentration of 40K and radionuclides from the 238U and 232Th decay series, in ash samples and fly-ash based geopolymers, were determined by means of gamma-ray spectrometry, and the absorbed dose rate, D, and the annual effective dose rate, E, were calculated in accordance with the UNSCEAR 2000 report.",
journal = "Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection",
title = "Alkali activation of different type of ash as a production of combustion process",
volume = "36",
number = "1",
pages = "66-73",
doi = "10.2298/NTRP201120006N"
}

Nenadović, M., Ferone, C., Kljajević, L. M., Mirković, M. M., Todorović, B., Vukanac, I.,& Nenadović, S. S.. (2021). Alkali activation of different type of ash as a production of combustion process. in Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection, 36(1), 66-73.
https://doi.org/10.2298/NTRP201120006N

Nenadović M, Ferone C, Kljajević LM, Mirković MM, Todorović B, Vukanac I, Nenadović SS. Alkali activation of different type of ash as a production of combustion process. in Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection. 2021;36(1):66-73.
doi:10.2298/NTRP201120006N .

Nenadović, Miloš, Ferone, Claudio, Kljajević, Ljiljana M., Mirković, Miljana M., Todorović, Bratislav , Vukanac, Ivana, Nenadović, Snežana S., "Alkali activation of different type of ash as a production of combustion process" in Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection, 36, no. 1 (2021):66-73,
https://doi.org/10.2298/NTRP201120006N . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ivanović, Marija M.
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana S.
AU  - Pavlović, Vera P.
AU  - Radović, Ivona R.
AU  - Kijevčanin, Mirjana Lj.
AU  - Pavlović, Vladimir B.
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9866
AB  - Thermodynamic parameters (densities, viscosities, speed of sound, and refractive index) of four series of alkaline activators were determined over the temperature range from 15 to 60 °C for the process of geopolymerization. Mixtures of Na2SiO3and NaOH of different molar concentrations (from 2M to 8M with step 2) were used as an alkaline activator. The sample with the highest NaOH concentrationalso shows the highest values of all thermodynamic parameters.Metakaolin, obtained by calcination of kaolin at 750 °C, was used as the starting material.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) Spectroscopy. Results of FTIR analysis correlated with results of Raman Spectroscopy. Due to the polymerization process, the changes in the phonon spectrum were confirmed. The different concentra-tions of activators do not notably change the Si/Al ratio.
T2  - Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
T1  - The influence of thermodynamic parameters on alkaline activator of geopolymers and structure of geopolymers
VL  - 40
IS  - 1
SP  - 99
DO  - 10.20450/mjcce.2021.2127
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ivanović, Marija M. and Nenadović, Snežana S. and Pavlović, Vera P. and Radović, Ivona R. and Kijevčanin, Mirjana Lj. and Pavlović, Vladimir B. and Kljajević, Ljiljana M.",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Thermodynamic parameters (densities, viscosities, speed of sound, and refractive index) of four series of alkaline activators were determined over the temperature range from 15 to 60 °C for the process of geopolymerization. Mixtures of Na2SiO3and NaOH of different molar concentrations (from 2M to 8M with step 2) were used as an alkaline activator. The sample with the highest NaOH concentrationalso shows the highest values of all thermodynamic parameters.Metakaolin, obtained by calcination of kaolin at 750 °C, was used as the starting material.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) Spectroscopy. Results of FTIR analysis correlated with results of Raman Spectroscopy. Due to the polymerization process, the changes in the phonon spectrum were confirmed. The different concentra-tions of activators do not notably change the Si/Al ratio.",
journal = "Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering",
title = "The influence of thermodynamic parameters on alkaline activator of geopolymers and structure of geopolymers",
volume = "40",
number = "1",
pages = "99",
doi = "10.20450/mjcce.2021.2127"
}

Ivanović, M. M., Nenadović, S. S., Pavlović, V. P., Radović, I. R., Kijevčanin, M. Lj., Pavlović, V. B.,& Kljajević, L. M.. (2021). The influence of thermodynamic parameters on alkaline activator of geopolymers and structure of geopolymers. in Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 40(1), 99.
https://doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2021.2127

Ivanović MM, Nenadović SS, Pavlović VP, Radović IR, Kijevčanin ML, Pavlović VB, Kljajević LM. The influence of thermodynamic parameters on alkaline activator of geopolymers and structure of geopolymers. in Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. 2021;40(1):99.
doi:10.20450/mjcce.2021.2127 .

Ivanović, Marija M., Nenadović, Snežana S., Pavlović, Vera P., Radović, Ivona R., Kijevčanin, Mirjana Lj., Pavlović, Vladimir B., Kljajević, Ljiljana M., "The influence of thermodynamic parameters on alkaline activator of geopolymers and structure of geopolymers" in Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 40, no. 1 (2021):99,
https://doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2021.2127 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
AU  - Kisić, Danilo
AU  - Mirković, Miljana M.
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana S.
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9877
AB  - The implantation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been conducted using Ag+ ions with energy of 60 keV, achieved fluences 1.5 and 10•1015 ions/cm2. Transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and field emission gun - scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) showed the existence of nanoparticle clusters. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of silver in the sample surface region. The surface topography was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), while the surface composition uniformity was analyzed using phase imaging AFM. Optical characterization obtained by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) showed changes in refractive index, extinction coefficient and the optical band gap with the fluence of implanted ions.
T2  - Science of Sintering
T1  - Structural and optical properties of HDPE implanted with medium fluences silver ions
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
SP  - 187
EP  - 198
DO  - 10.2298/SOS2102187N
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nenadović, Miloš and Kisić, Danilo and Mirković, Miljana M. and Nenadović, Snežana S. and Kljajević, Ljiljana M.",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The implantation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been conducted using Ag+ ions with energy of 60 keV, achieved fluences 1.5 and 10•1015 ions/cm2. Transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and field emission gun - scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) showed the existence of nanoparticle clusters. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of silver in the sample surface region. The surface topography was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), while the surface composition uniformity was analyzed using phase imaging AFM. Optical characterization obtained by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) showed changes in refractive index, extinction coefficient and the optical band gap with the fluence of implanted ions.",
journal = "Science of Sintering",
title = "Structural and optical properties of HDPE implanted with medium fluences silver ions",
volume = "53",
number = "2",
pages = "187-198",
doi = "10.2298/SOS2102187N"
}

Nenadović, M., Kisić, D., Mirković, M. M., Nenadović, S. S.,& Kljajević, L. M.. (2021). Structural and optical properties of HDPE implanted with medium fluences silver ions. in Science of Sintering, 53(2), 187-198.
https://doi.org/10.2298/SOS2102187N

Nenadović M, Kisić D, Mirković MM, Nenadović SS, Kljajević LM. Structural and optical properties of HDPE implanted with medium fluences silver ions. in Science of Sintering. 2021;53(2):187-198.
doi:10.2298/SOS2102187N .

Nenadović, Miloš, Kisić, Danilo, Mirković, Miljana M., Nenadović, Snežana S., Kljajević, Ljiljana M., "Structural and optical properties of HDPE implanted with medium fluences silver ions" in Science of Sintering, 53, no. 2 (2021):187-198,
https://doi.org/10.2298/SOS2102187N . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana S.
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
AU  - Ivanović, Marija M.
AU  - Mirković, Miljana M.
AU  - Radmilović, Nadežda
AU  - Rakočević, Lazar
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10032
AB  - The present work was focused on doping of 1% and 5% both of Nd2O3 and Sm2O3 in geopolymer gels. One of the main goals was to determine the influence of the behavior of Nd and Sm as dopants and structural nanoparticles changes of the final geopolymer formed. It is shown that the disorder formed by alkali activation of metakaolin can accommodate the rare earth cations Nd3+ and Sm3+ into their aluminosilicate framework structure. The main geopolymerization product identified in gels is Al-rich (Na)-AS-H gel comprising Al and Si in tetrahedral coordination. Na+ ions were balancing the negative charge resulting from Al3+ in tetrahedral coordination. The changes in the structures of the final product (geopolymer/Nd2O3; Sm2O3), has been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Nucleation at the seed surfaces leads to the formation of phase-separated gels from rare earth phase early in the reaction process. It is confirmed that Nd and Sm have been shown to form unstable hydroxides Nd(OH)3 and Sm(OH)3 that are in equilibrium with the corresponding oxides.
T2  - Gels
T1  - Structural and Chemical Properties of Geopolymer Gels Incorporated with Neodymium and Samarium
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
SP  - 195
DO  - 10.3390/gels7040195
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nenadović, Snežana S. and Kljajević, Ljiljana M. and Ivanović, Marija M. and Mirković, Miljana M. and Radmilović, Nadežda and Rakočević, Lazar and Nenadović, Miloš",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The present work was focused on doping of 1% and 5% both of Nd2O3 and Sm2O3 in geopolymer gels. One of the main goals was to determine the influence of the behavior of Nd and Sm as dopants and structural nanoparticles changes of the final geopolymer formed. It is shown that the disorder formed by alkali activation of metakaolin can accommodate the rare earth cations Nd3+ and Sm3+ into their aluminosilicate framework structure. The main geopolymerization product identified in gels is Al-rich (Na)-AS-H gel comprising Al and Si in tetrahedral coordination. Na+ ions were balancing the negative charge resulting from Al3+ in tetrahedral coordination. The changes in the structures of the final product (geopolymer/Nd2O3; Sm2O3), has been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Nucleation at the seed surfaces leads to the formation of phase-separated gels from rare earth phase early in the reaction process. It is confirmed that Nd and Sm have been shown to form unstable hydroxides Nd(OH)3 and Sm(OH)3 that are in equilibrium with the corresponding oxides.",
journal = "Gels",
title = "Structural and Chemical Properties of Geopolymer Gels Incorporated with Neodymium and Samarium",
volume = "7",
number = "4",
pages = "195",
doi = "10.3390/gels7040195"
}

Nenadović, S. S., Kljajević, L. M., Ivanović, M. M., Mirković, M. M., Radmilović, N., Rakočević, L.,& Nenadović, M.. (2021). Structural and Chemical Properties of Geopolymer Gels Incorporated with Neodymium and Samarium. in Gels, 7(4), 195.
https://doi.org/10.3390/gels7040195

Nenadović SS, Kljajević LM, Ivanović MM, Mirković MM, Radmilović N, Rakočević L, Nenadović M. Structural and Chemical Properties of Geopolymer Gels Incorporated with Neodymium and Samarium. in Gels. 2021;7(4):195.
doi:10.3390/gels7040195 .

Nenadović, Snežana S., Kljajević, Ljiljana M., Ivanović, Marija M., Mirković, Miljana M., Radmilović, Nadežda, Rakočević, Lazar, Nenadović, Miloš, "Structural and Chemical Properties of Geopolymer Gels Incorporated with Neodymium and Samarium" in Gels, 7, no. 4 (2021):195,
https://doi.org/10.3390/gels7040195 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
AU  - Mirković, Miljana M.
AU  - Dolenec, Sabina
AU  - Šter, Katarina
AU  - Hadžalić, Mustafa
AU  - Vukanac, Ivana
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10069
AB  - The potential re-use of red mud in the building and construction industry has been the subject of research of many scientists. The presented research is a contribution to the potential solution of this environmental issue through the synthesis of potential construction materials based on red mud. A promising way of recycling these secondary raw materials is the synthesis of alkali-activated binders or alkali activated materials. Alkali-activated materials or inorganic binders based on red mud are a new class of materials obtained by activation of inorganic precursors mainly constituted by silica, alumina and low content of calcium oxide. Since red mud contains radioactive elements like 226Ra and 232Th, this may be a problem for its further utilization. The content of naturally occurring radionuclides in manufactured material products with potential application in the building and construction industry is important from the standpoint of radiation protection. Gamma radiation of the primordial radionuclides, 40K and members of the uranium and thorium series, increases the external gamma dose rate. However, more and more precedence is being given to limiting the radiological dose originating from building materials on the population these days. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible influence of alkali activation-polymerization processes on the natural radioactivity of alkali activated materials synthesized by red mud (BOKSIT a. d. Milići, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina) and their structural properties. This research confirmed that during the polymerization process the natural radioactivity was reduced, and that the process of alkali activation of raw materials has an influence on natural radioactivity of synthesized materials.
T2  - Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection
T1  - Radiological and physico-chemical characterization of red mud as an Al-containing precursor in inorganic binders for the building industry
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
SP  - 182
EP  - 191
DO  - 10.2298/NTRP2002182K
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kljajević, Ljiljana M. and Mirković, Miljana M. and Dolenec, Sabina and Šter, Katarina and Hadžalić, Mustafa and Vukanac, Ivana and Nenadović, Miloš",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The potential re-use of red mud in the building and construction industry has been the subject of research of many scientists. The presented research is a contribution to the potential solution of this environmental issue through the synthesis of potential construction materials based on red mud. A promising way of recycling these secondary raw materials is the synthesis of alkali-activated binders or alkali activated materials. Alkali-activated materials or inorganic binders based on red mud are a new class of materials obtained by activation of inorganic precursors mainly constituted by silica, alumina and low content of calcium oxide. Since red mud contains radioactive elements like 226Ra and 232Th, this may be a problem for its further utilization. The content of naturally occurring radionuclides in manufactured material products with potential application in the building and construction industry is important from the standpoint of radiation protection. Gamma radiation of the primordial radionuclides, 40K and members of the uranium and thorium series, increases the external gamma dose rate. However, more and more precedence is being given to limiting the radiological dose originating from building materials on the population these days. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible influence of alkali activation-polymerization processes on the natural radioactivity of alkali activated materials synthesized by red mud (BOKSIT a. d. Milići, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina) and their structural properties. This research confirmed that during the polymerization process the natural radioactivity was reduced, and that the process of alkali activation of raw materials has an influence on natural radioactivity of synthesized materials.",
journal = "Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection",
title = "Radiological and physico-chemical characterization of red mud as an Al-containing precursor in inorganic binders for the building industry",
volume = "36",
number = "2",
pages = "182-191",
doi = "10.2298/NTRP2002182K"
}

Kljajević, L. M., Mirković, M. M., Dolenec, S., Šter, K., Hadžalić, M., Vukanac, I.,& Nenadović, M.. (2021). Radiological and physico-chemical characterization of red mud as an Al-containing precursor in inorganic binders for the building industry. in Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection, 36(2), 182-191.
https://doi.org/10.2298/NTRP2002182K

Kljajević LM, Mirković MM, Dolenec S, Šter K, Hadžalić M, Vukanac I, Nenadović M. Radiological and physico-chemical characterization of red mud as an Al-containing precursor in inorganic binders for the building industry. in Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection. 2021;36(2):182-191.
doi:10.2298/NTRP2002182K .

Kljajević, Ljiljana M., Mirković, Miljana M., Dolenec, Sabina, Šter, Katarina, Hadžalić, Mustafa, Vukanac, Ivana, Nenadović, Miloš, "Radiological and physico-chemical characterization of red mud as an Al-containing precursor in inorganic binders for the building industry" in Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection, 36, no. 2 (2021):182-191,
https://doi.org/10.2298/NTRP2002182K . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mirković, Miljana M.
AU  - Kljajević, Ljiljana M.
AU  - Dolenec, Sabina
AU  - Nenadović, Miloš
AU  - Pavlović, Vladimir B.
AU  - Rajačić, Milica
AU  - Nenadović, Snežana S.
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10092
AB  - Since recycled technologies usage is mandatory for environmental safety, and in this regard, it is important to examine new materials that can be used in construction and are primarily produced from fly ash. In addition to characteristics such as hardness and compressive strength, the given materials must also be radiologically and environmentally safe. The main concept of engineered geopolymer gel composites based on fly ash residues is focused on developing binder materials via gel formation processes that can replace ordinary cement materials. This study is unique in researching the potential use of fly ash from the Nikola Tesla thermal power plant in Serbia, where the hybrid geopolymeric materials synthesized from fly ash are experimentally examined with the addition 1 wt% and 2 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This paper aims to investigate the structural, morphological, mechanical, and radiological properties of hybrid materials with the addition of PVA and without additive in the period of ageing for 28 days at room temperature. The phase composition was investigated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis, while morphological characteristics of these materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS). Vibrational spectra of obtained samples are investigated using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. The hardness and compressive strength are also examined, indicating that the 1 wt% addition in geopolymeric matrix results in the best mechanical properties. Radiological measurements of investigated all geopolymer samples show decreasing activity concentrations of radionuclides for 50% compared to fly ash.
T2  - Gels
T1  - Potential Usage of Hybrid Polymers Binders Based on Fly Ash with the Addition of PVA with Satisfying Mechanical and Radiological Properties
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
SP  - 270
DO  - 10.3390/gels7040270
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mirković, Miljana M. and Kljajević, Ljiljana M. and Dolenec, Sabina and Nenadović, Miloš and Pavlović, Vladimir B. and Rajačić, Milica and Nenadović, Snežana S.",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Since recycled technologies usage is mandatory for environmental safety, and in this regard, it is important to examine new materials that can be used in construction and are primarily produced from fly ash. In addition to characteristics such as hardness and compressive strength, the given materials must also be radiologically and environmentally safe. The main concept of engineered geopolymer gel composites based on fly ash residues is focused on developing binder materials via gel formation processes that can replace ordinary cement materials. This study is unique in researching the potential use of fly ash from the Nikola Tesla thermal power plant in Serbia, where the hybrid geopolymeric materials synthesized from fly ash are experimentally examined with the addition 1 wt% and 2 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This paper aims to investigate the structural, morphological, mechanical, and radiological properties of hybrid materials with the addition of PVA and without additive in the period of ageing for 28 days at room temperature. The phase composition was investigated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis, while morphological characteristics of these materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS). Vibrational spectra of obtained samples are investigated using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. The hardness and compressive strength are also examined, indicating that the 1 wt% addition in geopolymeric matrix results in the best mechanical properties. Radiological measurements of investigated all geopolymer samples show decreasing activity concentrations of radionuclides for 50% compared to fly ash.",
journal = "Gels",
title = "Potential Usage of Hybrid Polymers Binders Based on Fly Ash with the Addition of PVA with Satisfying Mechanical and Radiological Properties",
volume = "7",
number = "4",
pages = "270",
doi = "10.3390/gels7040270"
}

Mirković, M. M., Kljajević, L. M., Dolenec, S., Nenadović, M., Pavlović, V. B., Rajačić, M.,& Nenadović, S. S.. (2021). Potential Usage of Hybrid Polymers Binders Based on Fly Ash with the Addition of PVA with Satisfying Mechanical and Radiological Properties. in Gels, 7(4), 270.
https://doi.org/10.3390/gels7040270

Mirković MM, Kljajević LM, Dolenec S, Nenadović M, Pavlović VB, Rajačić M, Nenadović SS. Potential Usage of Hybrid Polymers Binders Based on Fly Ash with the Addition of PVA with Satisfying Mechanical and Radiological Properties. in Gels. 2021;7(4):270.
doi:10.3390/gels7040270 .

Mirković, Miljana M., Kljajević, Ljiljana M., Dolenec, Sabina, Nenadović, Miloš, Pavlović, Vladimir B., Rajačić, Milica, Nenadović, Snežana S., "Potential Usage of Hybrid Polymers Binders Based on Fly Ash with the Addition of PVA with Satisfying Mechanical and Radiological Properties" in Gels, 7, no. 4 (2021):270,
https://doi.org/10.3390/gels7040270 . .