TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ćurguz, Zoran
AU  - Venoso, Gennaro
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Mirjanić, Dragoljub Lj.
AU  - Ampollini, Marco
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmela
AU  - Di Carlo, Christian
AU  - Caprio, Mario
AU  - Alavantić, Dragan
AU  - Kolarž, Predrag M.
AU  - Stojanovska, Zdenka
AU  - Antignani, Sara
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9750
AB  - The requirements about radon measurements in schools and public buildings included in most of the national and international legislations are generally restricted to all the rooms located at the ground floor and basement, assuming the soil beneath the building as the main source of indoor radon. In order to verify such an assumption for small buildings having at maximum two floors, a preliminary study was performed in 50 schools located in 15 municipalities of the Republic of Srpska. Results of this study suggest that a protocol requiring measurements at the ground floor only may be considered adequate. Due to the high radon spatial variability for rooms at the ground floor, it is preferable to require measurements in a high number of rooms (preferably in all of them) in order to assess the compliance with the reference level established by the legislation.
T2  - Radiation Protection Dosimetry
T1  - Spatial Variability of Indoor Radon Concentration in Schools: Implications on Radon Measurement Protocols
VL  - 191
IS  - 2
SP  - 133
EP  - 137
DO  - 10.1093/rpd/ncaa137
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ćurguz, Zoran and Venoso, Gennaro and Žunić, Zora S. and Mirjanić, Dragoljub Lj. and Ampollini, Marco and Carpentieri, Carmela and Di Carlo, Christian and Caprio, Mario and Alavantić, Dragan and Kolarž, Predrag M. and Stojanovska, Zdenka and Antignani, Sara and Bochicchio, Francesco",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The requirements about radon measurements in schools and public buildings included in most of the national and international legislations are generally restricted to all the rooms located at the ground floor and basement, assuming the soil beneath the building as the main source of indoor radon. In order to verify such an assumption for small buildings having at maximum two floors, a preliminary study was performed in 50 schools located in 15 municipalities of the Republic of Srpska. Results of this study suggest that a protocol requiring measurements at the ground floor only may be considered adequate. Due to the high radon spatial variability for rooms at the ground floor, it is preferable to require measurements in a high number of rooms (preferably in all of them) in order to assess the compliance with the reference level established by the legislation.",
journal = "Radiation Protection Dosimetry",
title = "Spatial Variability of Indoor Radon Concentration in Schools: Implications on Radon Measurement Protocols",
volume = "191",
number = "2",
pages = "133-137",
doi = "10.1093/rpd/ncaa137"
}

Ćurguz, Z., Venoso, G., Žunić, Z. S., Mirjanić, D. Lj., Ampollini, M., Carpentieri, C., Di Carlo, C., Caprio, M., Alavantić, D., Kolarž, P. M., Stojanovska, Z., Antignani, S.,& Bochicchio, F.. (2020). Spatial Variability of Indoor Radon Concentration in Schools: Implications on Radon Measurement Protocols. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 191(2), 133-137.
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa137

Ćurguz Z, Venoso G, Žunić ZS, Mirjanić DL, Ampollini M, Carpentieri C, Di Carlo C, Caprio M, Alavantić D, Kolarž PM, Stojanovska Z, Antignani S, Bochicchio F. Spatial Variability of Indoor Radon Concentration in Schools: Implications on Radon Measurement Protocols. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2020;191(2):133-137.
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncaa137 .

Ćurguz, Zoran, Venoso, Gennaro, Žunić, Zora S., Mirjanić, Dragoljub Lj., Ampollini, Marco, Carpentieri, Carmela, Di Carlo, Christian, Caprio, Mario, Alavantić, Dragan, Kolarž, Predrag M., Stojanovska, Zdenka, Antignani, Sara, Bochicchio, Francesco, "Spatial Variability of Indoor Radon Concentration in Schools: Implications on Radon Measurement Protocols" in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 191, no. 2 (2020):133-137,
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa137 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Bossew, Peter
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
AU  - Veselinović, Nenad
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmen
AU  - Venoso, Gennaro
AU  - Antignani, Sara
AU  - Simović, Rodoljub
AU  - Ćurguz, Zoran
AU  - Udovičić, Vladimir
AU  - Stojanovska, Zdenka A.
AU  - Tollefsen, Tore B.
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1402
AB  - Recognized as a significant health hazard, radon (Rn) has been given increasing attention for years. Surveys of different kinds have been performed in many countries to assess the intensity and the geographical extent of possible Rn problems. Common surveys cover mainly dwellings, the indoor place with highest occupancy, and schools, where people spend a large fraction of their lifetime and which can also be considered exemplary for Rn exposure at workplaces; it has however been observed that relating them is difficult. It was unclear whether residential Rn at a location, or in a region, can be predicted by Rn at a school of that location, or vice versa. To current knowledge, no general rule seems applicable, as few models to describe the relationship between Rn in dwellings and in schools have been developed. In Southern Serbia, a Rn survey in a predominantly rural region was based on measurements in primary schools. The question arose whether or to which degree the results can be considered as indicative or even representative for residential Rn concentrations. To answer the question an additional survey of indoor Rn concentrations in dwellings was initiated, designed and performed in Sokobanja district in 2010-2012 in a manner to be able to detect a relationship if it exists. In the study region, 108 dwellings in 12 villages and towns were selected, with one primary school each. In this paper, we investigate how a relation between Rn in schools and dwellings could be identified and quantified, by developing a model and using experimental data from both the above main and additional surveys. The key criterion is the hypothesis that the relation dwellings schools, if it exists, is stronger for dwellings closer to a school than for those dwellings further away. We propose methods to test the hypothesis. As result, the hypothesis is corroborated at 95% significance level. More specifically, on town level (typical size about 1 km), the Rn concentration ratio dwelling/school is about 0.8 (geometrical mean), with geometrical standard deviation (GSD) about 1.9. For dwelling and school hypothetically in the same location, the ratio is estimated about 0.7 with GSD about 1.5. We think that the methodology can be applied to structurally similar problems. The results could be used to create conditional maps of Rn concentration in dwellings, i.e., for example a map of probabilities that indoor Rn concentrations in dwellings exceed 100 Bq/m(3), as function of Rn concentration in the local school. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
T2  - Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
T1  - The relation between radon in schools and in dwellings: A case study in a rural region of Southern Serbia
VL  - 167
SP  - 188
EP  - 200
DO  - 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.11.024
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Žunić, Zora S. and Bossew, Peter and Bochicchio, Francesco and Veselinović, Nenad and Carpentieri, Carmen and Venoso, Gennaro and Antignani, Sara and Simović, Rodoljub and Ćurguz, Zoran and Udovičić, Vladimir and Stojanovska, Zdenka A. and Tollefsen, Tore B.",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Recognized as a significant health hazard, radon (Rn) has been given increasing attention for years. Surveys of different kinds have been performed in many countries to assess the intensity and the geographical extent of possible Rn problems. Common surveys cover mainly dwellings, the indoor place with highest occupancy, and schools, where people spend a large fraction of their lifetime and which can also be considered exemplary for Rn exposure at workplaces; it has however been observed that relating them is difficult. It was unclear whether residential Rn at a location, or in a region, can be predicted by Rn at a school of that location, or vice versa. To current knowledge, no general rule seems applicable, as few models to describe the relationship between Rn in dwellings and in schools have been developed. In Southern Serbia, a Rn survey in a predominantly rural region was based on measurements in primary schools. The question arose whether or to which degree the results can be considered as indicative or even representative for residential Rn concentrations. To answer the question an additional survey of indoor Rn concentrations in dwellings was initiated, designed and performed in Sokobanja district in 2010-2012 in a manner to be able to detect a relationship if it exists. In the study region, 108 dwellings in 12 villages and towns were selected, with one primary school each. In this paper, we investigate how a relation between Rn in schools and dwellings could be identified and quantified, by developing a model and using experimental data from both the above main and additional surveys. The key criterion is the hypothesis that the relation dwellings schools, if it exists, is stronger for dwellings closer to a school than for those dwellings further away. We propose methods to test the hypothesis. As result, the hypothesis is corroborated at 95% significance level. More specifically, on town level (typical size about 1 km), the Rn concentration ratio dwelling/school is about 0.8 (geometrical mean), with geometrical standard deviation (GSD) about 1.9. For dwelling and school hypothetically in the same location, the ratio is estimated about 0.7 with GSD about 1.5. We think that the methodology can be applied to structurally similar problems. The results could be used to create conditional maps of Rn concentration in dwellings, i.e., for example a map of probabilities that indoor Rn concentrations in dwellings exceed 100 Bq/m(3), as function of Rn concentration in the local school. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
journal = "Journal of Environmental Radioactivity",
title = "The relation between radon in schools and in dwellings: A case study in a rural region of Southern Serbia",
volume = "167",
pages = "188-200",
doi = "10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.11.024"
}

Žunić, Z. S., Bossew, P., Bochicchio, F., Veselinović, N., Carpentieri, C., Venoso, G., Antignani, S., Simović, R., Ćurguz, Z., Udovičić, V., Stojanovska, Z. A.,& Tollefsen, T. B.. (2017). The relation between radon in schools and in dwellings: A case study in a rural region of Southern Serbia. in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 167, 188-200.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.11.024

Žunić ZS, Bossew P, Bochicchio F, Veselinović N, Carpentieri C, Venoso G, Antignani S, Simović R, Ćurguz Z, Udovičić V, Stojanovska ZA, Tollefsen TB. The relation between radon in schools and in dwellings: A case study in a rural region of Southern Serbia. in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 2017;167:188-200.
doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.11.024 .

Žunić, Zora S., Bossew, Peter, Bochicchio, Francesco, Veselinović, Nenad, Carpentieri, Carmen, Venoso, Gennaro, Antignani, Sara, Simović, Rodoljub, Ćurguz, Zoran, Udovičić, Vladimir, Stojanovska, Zdenka A., Tollefsen, Tore B., "The relation between radon in schools and in dwellings: A case study in a rural region of Southern Serbia" in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 167 (2017):188-200,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.11.024 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmen
AU  - Antignani, Sara
AU  - Venoso, Gennaro
AU  - Carelli, V.
AU  - Cordedda, C.
AU  - Veselinović, Nenad
AU  - Tollefsen, Tore B.
AU  - Bossew, Peter
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5967
AB  - In order to optimize the design of a national survey aimed to evaluate radon exposure of children in schools in Serbia, a pilot study was carried out in all the 334 primary schools of 13 municipalities of Southern Serbia. Based on data from passive measurements, rooms with annual radon concentration GT 300Bq/m(3) were found in 5% of schools. The mean annual radon concentration weighted with the number of pupils is 73Bq/m(3), 39% lower than the unweighted 119Bq/m(3) average concentration. The actual average concentration when children are in classrooms could be substantially lower. Variability between schools (CV=65%), between floors (CV=24%) and between rooms at the same floor (CV=21%) was analyzed. The impact of school location, floor, and room usage on radon concentration was also assessed (with similar results) by univariate and multivariate analyses. On average, radon concentration in schools within towns is a factor of 0.60 lower than in villages and at higher floors is a factor of 0.68 lower than ground floor. Results can be useful for other countries with similar soil and building characteristics.
T2  - Indoor Air
T1  - Radon in indoor air of primary schools: a systematic survey to evaluate factors affecting radon concentration levels and their variability
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 315
EP  - 326
DO  - 10.1111/ina.12073
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bochicchio, Francesco and Žunić, Zora S. and Carpentieri, Carmen and Antignani, Sara and Venoso, Gennaro and Carelli, V. and Cordedda, C. and Veselinović, Nenad and Tollefsen, Tore B. and Bossew, Peter",
year = "2014",
abstract = "In order to optimize the design of a national survey aimed to evaluate radon exposure of children in schools in Serbia, a pilot study was carried out in all the 334 primary schools of 13 municipalities of Southern Serbia. Based on data from passive measurements, rooms with annual radon concentration GT 300Bq/m(3) were found in 5% of schools. The mean annual radon concentration weighted with the number of pupils is 73Bq/m(3), 39% lower than the unweighted 119Bq/m(3) average concentration. The actual average concentration when children are in classrooms could be substantially lower. Variability between schools (CV=65%), between floors (CV=24%) and between rooms at the same floor (CV=21%) was analyzed. The impact of school location, floor, and room usage on radon concentration was also assessed (with similar results) by univariate and multivariate analyses. On average, radon concentration in schools within towns is a factor of 0.60 lower than in villages and at higher floors is a factor of 0.68 lower than ground floor. Results can be useful for other countries with similar soil and building characteristics.",
journal = "Indoor Air",
title = "Radon in indoor air of primary schools: a systematic survey to evaluate factors affecting radon concentration levels and their variability",
volume = "24",
number = "3",
pages = "315-326",
doi = "10.1111/ina.12073"
}

Bochicchio, F., Žunić, Z. S., Carpentieri, C., Antignani, S., Venoso, G., Carelli, V., Cordedda, C., Veselinović, N., Tollefsen, T. B.,& Bossew, P.. (2014). Radon in indoor air of primary schools: a systematic survey to evaluate factors affecting radon concentration levels and their variability. in Indoor Air, 24(3), 315-326.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12073

Bochicchio F, Žunić ZS, Carpentieri C, Antignani S, Venoso G, Carelli V, Cordedda C, Veselinović N, Tollefsen TB, Bossew P. Radon in indoor air of primary schools: a systematic survey to evaluate factors affecting radon concentration levels and their variability. in Indoor Air. 2014;24(3):315-326.
doi:10.1111/ina.12073 .

Bochicchio, Francesco, Žunić, Zora S., Carpentieri, Carmen, Antignani, Sara, Venoso, Gennaro, Carelli, V., Cordedda, C., Veselinović, Nenad, Tollefsen, Tore B., Bossew, Peter, "Radon in indoor air of primary schools: a systematic survey to evaluate factors affecting radon concentration levels and their variability" in Indoor Air, 24, no. 3 (2014):315-326,
https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12073 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bossew, Peter
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Stojanovska, Zdenka A.
AU  - Tollefsen, Tore B.
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmen
AU  - Veselinović, Nenad
AU  - Kornatina, S.
AU  - Vaupotič, Janja
AU  - Simović, Rodoljub
AU  - Antignani, Sara
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5845
AB  - Between 2008 and 2011 a survey of radon (Rn-222) was performed in schools of several districts of Southern Serbia. Some results have been published previously (Zunic et al., 2010; Carpentieri et al., 2011; Zunic et al., 2013). This article concentrates on the geographical distribution of the measured Rn concentrations. Applying geostatistical methods we generate school radon maps of expected concentrations and of estimated probabilities that a concentration threshold is exceeded. The resulting maps show a clearly structured spatial pattern which appears related to the geological background. In particular in areas with vulcanite and granitoid rocks, elevated radon (Rn) concentrations can be expected. The school radon map can therefore be considered as proxy to a map of the geogenic radon potential, and allows identification of radon-prone areas, i.e. areas in which higher Rn radon concentrations can be expected for natural reasons. It must be stressed that the radon hazard, or potential risk, estimated this way, has to be distinguished from the actual radon risk, which is a function of exposure. This in turn may require (depending on the target variable which is supposed to measure risk) considering demographic and sociological reality, i.e. population density, distribution of building styles and living habits. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
T2  - Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
T1  - Geographical distribution of the annual mean radon concentrations in primary schools of Southern Serbia - application of geostatistical methods
VL  - 127
IS  - SI
SP  - 141
EP  - 148
DO  - 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.09.015
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bossew, Peter and Žunić, Zora S. and Stojanovska, Zdenka A. and Tollefsen, Tore B. and Carpentieri, Carmen and Veselinović, Nenad and Kornatina, S. and Vaupotič, Janja and Simović, Rodoljub and Antignani, Sara and Bochicchio, Francesco",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Between 2008 and 2011 a survey of radon (Rn-222) was performed in schools of several districts of Southern Serbia. Some results have been published previously (Zunic et al., 2010; Carpentieri et al., 2011; Zunic et al., 2013). This article concentrates on the geographical distribution of the measured Rn concentrations. Applying geostatistical methods we generate school radon maps of expected concentrations and of estimated probabilities that a concentration threshold is exceeded. The resulting maps show a clearly structured spatial pattern which appears related to the geological background. In particular in areas with vulcanite and granitoid rocks, elevated radon (Rn) concentrations can be expected. The school radon map can therefore be considered as proxy to a map of the geogenic radon potential, and allows identification of radon-prone areas, i.e. areas in which higher Rn radon concentrations can be expected for natural reasons. It must be stressed that the radon hazard, or potential risk, estimated this way, has to be distinguished from the actual radon risk, which is a function of exposure. This in turn may require (depending on the target variable which is supposed to measure risk) considering demographic and sociological reality, i.e. population density, distribution of building styles and living habits. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
journal = "Journal of Environmental Radioactivity",
title = "Geographical distribution of the annual mean radon concentrations in primary schools of Southern Serbia - application of geostatistical methods",
volume = "127",
number = "SI",
pages = "141-148",
doi = "10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.09.015"
}

Bossew, P., Žunić, Z. S., Stojanovska, Z. A., Tollefsen, T. B., Carpentieri, C., Veselinović, N., Kornatina, S., Vaupotič, J., Simović, R., Antignani, S.,& Bochicchio, F.. (2014). Geographical distribution of the annual mean radon concentrations in primary schools of Southern Serbia - application of geostatistical methods. in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 127(SI), 141-148.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.09.015

Bossew P, Žunić ZS, Stojanovska ZA, Tollefsen TB, Carpentieri C, Veselinović N, Kornatina S, Vaupotič J, Simović R, Antignani S, Bochicchio F. Geographical distribution of the annual mean radon concentrations in primary schools of Southern Serbia - application of geostatistical methods. in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 2014;127(SI):141-148.
doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.09.015 .

Bossew, Peter, Žunić, Zora S., Stojanovska, Zdenka A., Tollefsen, Tore B., Carpentieri, Carmen, Veselinović, Nenad, Kornatina, S., Vaupotič, Janja, Simović, Rodoljub, Antignani, Sara, Bochicchio, Francesco, "Geographical distribution of the annual mean radon concentrations in primary schools of Southern Serbia - application of geostatistical methods" in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 127, no. SI (2014):141-148,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.09.015 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mishra, R.
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Venoso, Gennaro
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
AU  - Stojanovska, Zdenka A.
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmen
AU  - Prajith, R.
AU  - Sapra, B. K.
AU  - Mayya, Y. S.
AU  - Ishikawa, Tetsuo
AU  - Omori, Y.
AU  - Veselinović, Nenad
AU  - Tollefsen, Tore B.
AU  - Ujić, Predrag
AU  - Bossew, Peter
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6096
AB  - Thoron gas and its progeny behave quite differently in room environments, owing to the difference in their half-lives; therefore, it is important to measure simultaneously gas and progeny concentrations to estimate the time-integrated equilibrium factor. Furthermore, thoron concentration strongly depends on the distance from the source, i.e. generally walls in indoor environments. In the present work, therefore, the measurements of both thoron and radon gas and their progeny concentrations were consistently carried out close to the walls, in 43 dwellings located in the Sokobanja municipality, Serbia. Three different types of instruments have been used in the present survey to measure the time-integrated thoron and radon gas and their progeny concentrations simultaneously. The equilibrium factor for thoron measured close to the wall, F-Tn(W), ranged from 0.001 to 0.077 with a geometric mean (GM) [geometric standard deviation (GSD)] of 0.006 (2.2), whereas the equilibrium factor for radon, F-Rn,F- ranged from 0.06 to 0.95 with a GM (GSD) of 0.23 (2.0).
T2  - Radiation Protection Dosimetry
T1  - An evaluation of thoron (and radon) equilibrium factor close to walls based on long-term measurements in dwellings
VL  - 160
IS  - 1-3
SP  - 164
EP  - 168
DO  - 10.1093/rpd/ncu083
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mishra, R. and Žunić, Zora S. and Venoso, Gennaro and Bochicchio, Francesco and Stojanovska, Zdenka A. and Carpentieri, Carmen and Prajith, R. and Sapra, B. K. and Mayya, Y. S. and Ishikawa, Tetsuo and Omori, Y. and Veselinović, Nenad and Tollefsen, Tore B. and Ujić, Predrag and Bossew, Peter",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Thoron gas and its progeny behave quite differently in room environments, owing to the difference in their half-lives; therefore, it is important to measure simultaneously gas and progeny concentrations to estimate the time-integrated equilibrium factor. Furthermore, thoron concentration strongly depends on the distance from the source, i.e. generally walls in indoor environments. In the present work, therefore, the measurements of both thoron and radon gas and their progeny concentrations were consistently carried out close to the walls, in 43 dwellings located in the Sokobanja municipality, Serbia. Three different types of instruments have been used in the present survey to measure the time-integrated thoron and radon gas and their progeny concentrations simultaneously. The equilibrium factor for thoron measured close to the wall, F-Tn(W), ranged from 0.001 to 0.077 with a geometric mean (GM) [geometric standard deviation (GSD)] of 0.006 (2.2), whereas the equilibrium factor for radon, F-Rn,F- ranged from 0.06 to 0.95 with a GM (GSD) of 0.23 (2.0).",
journal = "Radiation Protection Dosimetry",
title = "An evaluation of thoron (and radon) equilibrium factor close to walls based on long-term measurements in dwellings",
volume = "160",
number = "1-3",
pages = "164-168",
doi = "10.1093/rpd/ncu083"
}

Mishra, R., Žunić, Z. S., Venoso, G., Bochicchio, F., Stojanovska, Z. A., Carpentieri, C., Prajith, R., Sapra, B. K., Mayya, Y. S., Ishikawa, T., Omori, Y., Veselinović, N., Tollefsen, T. B., Ujić, P.,& Bossew, P.. (2014). An evaluation of thoron (and radon) equilibrium factor close to walls based on long-term measurements in dwellings. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 160(1-3), 164-168.
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu083

Mishra R, Žunić ZS, Venoso G, Bochicchio F, Stojanovska ZA, Carpentieri C, Prajith R, Sapra BK, Mayya YS, Ishikawa T, Omori Y, Veselinović N, Tollefsen TB, Ujić P, Bossew P. An evaluation of thoron (and radon) equilibrium factor close to walls based on long-term measurements in dwellings. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2014;160(1-3):164-168.
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu083 .

Mishra, R., Žunić, Zora S., Venoso, Gennaro, Bochicchio, Francesco, Stojanovska, Zdenka A., Carpentieri, Carmen, Prajith, R., Sapra, B. K., Mayya, Y. S., Ishikawa, Tetsuo, Omori, Y., Veselinović, Nenad, Tollefsen, Tore B., Ujić, Predrag, Bossew, Peter, "An evaluation of thoron (and radon) equilibrium factor close to walls based on long-term measurements in dwellings" in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 160, no. 1-3 (2014):164-168,
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu083 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmen
AU  - Stojanovska, Zdenka A.
AU  - Antignani, Sara
AU  - Veselinović, Nenad
AU  - Tollefsen, Tore B.
AU  - Carelli, V.
AU  - Cordedda, C.
AU  - Cuknic, O.
AU  - Filipović, Jelena G.
AU  - Bossew, Peter
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7001
AB  - In this paper the results of radon concentration measurements performed in 207 schools in 7 communities of Southern Serbia are presented. The annual radon concentration varied from 17 Bqm(-3) to 428 Bqm(-3) with a median value of 96 Bqm(-3). The arithmetic mean (AM) of the 207 annual averages was 118 Bqm(-3) with a standard deviation (SD) of 78 Bqm(-3). The best distribution fitting of radon concentration by log-normal function was obtained. The log-normal parameters are the following: geometric mean (GM) = 97 Bqm(-3), geometric standard deviation (GSD) = 1.9. In addition, a spatial distribution of the indoor radon concentration over the investigated areas is observed.
T2  - Romanian Journal of Physics
T1  - Some Results of a Radon Survey in 207 Serbian Schools
VL  - 58
SP  - S320
EP  - S327
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_7001
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Žunić, Zora S. and Carpentieri, Carmen and Stojanovska, Zdenka A. and Antignani, Sara and Veselinović, Nenad and Tollefsen, Tore B. and Carelli, V. and Cordedda, C. and Cuknic, O. and Filipović, Jelena G. and Bossew, Peter and Bochicchio, Francesco",
year = "2013",
abstract = "In this paper the results of radon concentration measurements performed in 207 schools in 7 communities of Southern Serbia are presented. The annual radon concentration varied from 17 Bqm(-3) to 428 Bqm(-3) with a median value of 96 Bqm(-3). The arithmetic mean (AM) of the 207 annual averages was 118 Bqm(-3) with a standard deviation (SD) of 78 Bqm(-3). The best distribution fitting of radon concentration by log-normal function was obtained. The log-normal parameters are the following: geometric mean (GM) = 97 Bqm(-3), geometric standard deviation (GSD) = 1.9. In addition, a spatial distribution of the indoor radon concentration over the investigated areas is observed.",
journal = "Romanian Journal of Physics",
title = "Some Results of a Radon Survey in 207 Serbian Schools",
volume = "58",
pages = "S320-S327",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_7001"
}

Žunić, Z. S., Carpentieri, C., Stojanovska, Z. A., Antignani, S., Veselinović, N., Tollefsen, T. B., Carelli, V., Cordedda, C., Cuknic, O., Filipović, J. G., Bossew, P.,& Bochicchio, F.. (2013). Some Results of a Radon Survey in 207 Serbian Schools. in Romanian Journal of Physics, 58, S320-S327.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_7001

Žunić ZS, Carpentieri C, Stojanovska ZA, Antignani S, Veselinović N, Tollefsen TB, Carelli V, Cordedda C, Cuknic O, Filipović JG, Bossew P, Bochicchio F. Some Results of a Radon Survey in 207 Serbian Schools. in Romanian Journal of Physics. 2013;58:S320-S327.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_7001 .

Žunić, Zora S., Carpentieri, Carmen, Stojanovska, Zdenka A., Antignani, Sara, Veselinović, Nenad, Tollefsen, Tore B., Carelli, V., Cordedda, C., Cuknic, O., Filipović, Jelena G., Bossew, Peter, Bochicchio, Francesco, "Some Results of a Radon Survey in 207 Serbian Schools" in Romanian Journal of Physics, 58 (2013):S320-S327,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_7001 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmen
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Carelli, V.
AU  - Cordedda, C.
AU  - Ferrigno, G.
AU  - Veselinović, Nenad
AU  - Bossew, Peter
AU  - Tollefsen, Tore B.
AU  - Cuknic, O.
AU  - Vojinovic, Z.
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4319
AB  - In an international collaboration, a long-term radon concentration survey was carried out in schools of Southern Serbia with radon detectors prepared, etched and read-out in Italy. In such surveys it is necessary to evaluate measurement precision in field conditions, and to check whether quality assurance protocols were effective in keeping uncertainties under control, despite the complex organisation of measurements. In the first stage of the survey, which involves only some of the total number of municipalities, paired detectors were exposed in each monitored room in order to experimentally assess measurement precision. Paired passive devices (containing CR-39 detectors) were exposed for two consecutive 6-month periods. Two different measurement systems were used to read out CR-39s of the first and second period, respectively. The median of the coefficient of variation (CV) of the measured exposures was 8 % for 232 paired devices of the first 6-month period and 4 % for 242 paired devices of the second 6-month period, respectively. This difference was mainly due to a different track count repeatability of the two read-out systems, which was 4 and 1 %, respectively, as the median value of CV of repeated countings. The in-field measured precision results are very similar to the precision assessed in calibration conditions and are much lower than the room-to-room variation of radon concentration in the monitored schools. Moreover, a quality assurance protocol was followed to reduce extra-exposures during detector transport from Rome to schools measured and back.
T2  - Radiation Protection Dosimetry
T1  - Assessment of Long-Term Radon Concentration Measurement Precision in Field Conditions (Serbian Schools) for a Survey Carried Out By An International Collaboration
VL  - 145
IS  - 2-3
SP  - 305
EP  - 311
DO  - 10.1093/rpd/ncr042
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Carpentieri, Carmen and Žunić, Zora S. and Carelli, V. and Cordedda, C. and Ferrigno, G. and Veselinović, Nenad and Bossew, Peter and Tollefsen, Tore B. and Cuknic, O. and Vojinovic, Z. and Bochicchio, Francesco",
year = "2011",
abstract = "In an international collaboration, a long-term radon concentration survey was carried out in schools of Southern Serbia with radon detectors prepared, etched and read-out in Italy. In such surveys it is necessary to evaluate measurement precision in field conditions, and to check whether quality assurance protocols were effective in keeping uncertainties under control, despite the complex organisation of measurements. In the first stage of the survey, which involves only some of the total number of municipalities, paired detectors were exposed in each monitored room in order to experimentally assess measurement precision. Paired passive devices (containing CR-39 detectors) were exposed for two consecutive 6-month periods. Two different measurement systems were used to read out CR-39s of the first and second period, respectively. The median of the coefficient of variation (CV) of the measured exposures was 8 % for 232 paired devices of the first 6-month period and 4 % for 242 paired devices of the second 6-month period, respectively. This difference was mainly due to a different track count repeatability of the two read-out systems, which was 4 and 1 %, respectively, as the median value of CV of repeated countings. The in-field measured precision results are very similar to the precision assessed in calibration conditions and are much lower than the room-to-room variation of radon concentration in the monitored schools. Moreover, a quality assurance protocol was followed to reduce extra-exposures during detector transport from Rome to schools measured and back.",
journal = "Radiation Protection Dosimetry",
title = "Assessment of Long-Term Radon Concentration Measurement Precision in Field Conditions (Serbian Schools) for a Survey Carried Out By An International Collaboration",
volume = "145",
number = "2-3",
pages = "305-311",
doi = "10.1093/rpd/ncr042"
}

Carpentieri, C., Žunić, Z. S., Carelli, V., Cordedda, C., Ferrigno, G., Veselinović, N., Bossew, P., Tollefsen, T. B., Cuknic, O., Vojinovic, Z.,& Bochicchio, F.. (2011). Assessment of Long-Term Radon Concentration Measurement Precision in Field Conditions (Serbian Schools) for a Survey Carried Out By An International Collaboration. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 145(2-3), 305-311.
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncr042

Carpentieri C, Žunić ZS, Carelli V, Cordedda C, Ferrigno G, Veselinović N, Bossew P, Tollefsen TB, Cuknic O, Vojinovic Z, Bochicchio F. Assessment of Long-Term Radon Concentration Measurement Precision in Field Conditions (Serbian Schools) for a Survey Carried Out By An International Collaboration. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2011;145(2-3):305-311.
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr042 .

Carpentieri, Carmen, Žunić, Zora S., Carelli, V., Cordedda, C., Ferrigno, G., Veselinović, Nenad, Bossew, Peter, Tollefsen, Tore B., Cuknic, O., Vojinovic, Z., Bochicchio, Francesco, "Assessment of Long-Term Radon Concentration Measurement Precision in Field Conditions (Serbian Schools) for a Survey Carried Out By An International Collaboration" in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 145, no. 2-3 (2011):305-311,
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncr042 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Yarmoshenko, Ilia V.
AU  - Kelleher, K.
AU  - Paridaens, J.
AU  - Mc Laughlin, J. P.
AU  - Čeliković, Igor T.
AU  - Ujić, Predrag
AU  - Onischenko, A. D.
AU  - Jovanović, Svetlana P.
AU  - Demajo, A.
AU  - Birovljev, A.
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
PY  - 2007
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3309
AB  - In Niska Banja, Serbia, which is a high-radon area, a comparison was made between two retrospective radon measuring methods and contemporary radon measurements. The two retrospective methods derive the radon concentrations that occurred in dwellings over longer periods in the past, based on the amount of trapped 2 Po-10 on the surface of glass objects (surface traps, ST) or in the bulk of porous materials (volume traps, VT). Both surface implanted 2 1 Po-210 in glass objects and contemporary radon in air were measured in 46 rooms, distributed in 32 houses of this radon spa-town, using a dual alpha track detector configuration (CR-39 and LR115) and CR-39 track etched detectors, respectively. In addition to the use of surface trap measurements, in 18 rooms (distributed in 15 houses) VT samples of suitable material were also collected, allowing to compare ST and VT retrospective radon concentration estimates. For each room, contemporary annual radon concentrations (CONT) were measured or estimated using seasonal correction factors. The distribution of the radon concentration in all data sets was found to be close to lognormal (Chi-square test GT 0.05). Geometric means (GM) are similar, 3 ranging from 1040 to 1380 Bq m(-3) whereas geometric standard deviations (GSD) for both the retrospective methods are greater than for the CONT method, showing reasonable agreement between VT, ST and CONT measurements. A regression analysis, with respect to the lognormal distribution of each data set, shows that for VT-ST the correlation coefficient r is 0.85, for VT-CONT r is 0. 82 and for ST-CONT r is 0.73. Comparison of retrospective and contemporary radon concentrations with regard to supposed long-term indoor radon changes further supports the principal agreement between the retrospective and conventional methods. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
T2  - Science of the Total Environment
T1  - Comparison of retrospective and contemporary indoor radon measurements in a high-radon area of Serbia
VL  - 387
IS  - 1-3
SP  - 269
EP  - 275
DO  - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.044
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Žunić, Zora S. and Yarmoshenko, Ilia V. and Kelleher, K. and Paridaens, J. and Mc Laughlin, J. P. and Čeliković, Igor T. and Ujić, Predrag and Onischenko, A. D. and Jovanović, Svetlana P. and Demajo, A. and Birovljev, A. and Bochicchio, Francesco",
year = "2007",
abstract = "In Niska Banja, Serbia, which is a high-radon area, a comparison was made between two retrospective radon measuring methods and contemporary radon measurements. The two retrospective methods derive the radon concentrations that occurred in dwellings over longer periods in the past, based on the amount of trapped 2 Po-10 on the surface of glass objects (surface traps, ST) or in the bulk of porous materials (volume traps, VT). Both surface implanted 2 1 Po-210 in glass objects and contemporary radon in air were measured in 46 rooms, distributed in 32 houses of this radon spa-town, using a dual alpha track detector configuration (CR-39 and LR115) and CR-39 track etched detectors, respectively. In addition to the use of surface trap measurements, in 18 rooms (distributed in 15 houses) VT samples of suitable material were also collected, allowing to compare ST and VT retrospective radon concentration estimates. For each room, contemporary annual radon concentrations (CONT) were measured or estimated using seasonal correction factors. The distribution of the radon concentration in all data sets was found to be close to lognormal (Chi-square test GT 0.05). Geometric means (GM) are similar, 3 ranging from 1040 to 1380 Bq m(-3) whereas geometric standard deviations (GSD) for both the retrospective methods are greater than for the CONT method, showing reasonable agreement between VT, ST and CONT measurements. A regression analysis, with respect to the lognormal distribution of each data set, shows that for VT-ST the correlation coefficient r is 0.85, for VT-CONT r is 0. 82 and for ST-CONT r is 0.73. Comparison of retrospective and contemporary radon concentrations with regard to supposed long-term indoor radon changes further supports the principal agreement between the retrospective and conventional methods. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
journal = "Science of the Total Environment",
title = "Comparison of retrospective and contemporary indoor radon measurements in a high-radon area of Serbia",
volume = "387",
number = "1-3",
pages = "269-275",
doi = "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.044"
}

Žunić, Z. S., Yarmoshenko, I. V., Kelleher, K., Paridaens, J., Mc Laughlin, J. P., Čeliković, I. T., Ujić, P., Onischenko, A. D., Jovanović, S. P., Demajo, A., Birovljev, A.,& Bochicchio, F.. (2007). Comparison of retrospective and contemporary indoor radon measurements in a high-radon area of Serbia. in Science of the Total Environment, 387(1-3), 269-275.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.044

Žunić ZS, Yarmoshenko IV, Kelleher K, Paridaens J, Mc Laughlin JP, Čeliković IT, Ujić P, Onischenko AD, Jovanović SP, Demajo A, Birovljev A, Bochicchio F. Comparison of retrospective and contemporary indoor radon measurements in a high-radon area of Serbia. in Science of the Total Environment. 2007;387(1-3):269-275.
doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.044 .

Žunić, Zora S., Yarmoshenko, Ilia V., Kelleher, K., Paridaens, J., Mc Laughlin, J. P., Čeliković, Igor T., Ujić, Predrag, Onischenko, A. D., Jovanović, Svetlana P., Demajo, A., Birovljev, A., Bochicchio, Francesco, "Comparison of retrospective and contemporary indoor radon measurements in a high-radon area of Serbia" in Science of the Total Environment, 387, no. 1-3 (2007):269-275,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.06.044 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Kozak, K.
AU  - Ciotoli, G.
AU  - Ramola, R. C.
AU  - Kochowska, E.
AU  - Ujić, Predrag
AU  - Čeliković, Igor T.
AU  - Mazur, J.
AU  - Janik, M.
AU  - Demajo, A.
AU  - Birovljev, A.
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
AU  - Yarmoshenko, Ilia V.
AU  - Kryeziu, D.
AU  - Olko, P.
PY  - 2007
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3350
AB  - The first radon soil gas survey in Serbia, using passive detectors (SSNTD, CR-39), was carried out in June 2005 at field sites in Niska Banja town. The aim of the survey was to identify risk zones characterised by high levels of this radioactive gas. Radon measurements were made at the depth of 50cm, in the ground according to a systematic grid pattern. Furthermore, at all 48 measurement points, the surface gamma dose rates in the air was also measured at the same locations and soil samples were collected for gamma spectrometric analysis for the radionuclides Ra-226, Th-228 and K-40. Radon concentrations were found to range from 1270 to 155000 Bq m(-3) with an average of 33765 Bq m(-3) and a median value of 12626 Bq m(-3). The geometrical mean value and geometrical standard deviation were calculated as 16160 Bq m(-3) and 3.5 Bq m(-3), respectively. Gamma dose rate varies from 92 to 316 nGy h(-1), with an average of 132 nGy h(-1). The radium content in collected soil samples ranges from 24 to 1810 Bq kg(-1) with an average of 187 Bq kg(-1). High correlations (r(2) GT 0.8) between soil gas radon concentration, gamma dose rate and Ra-226 content in soil were found for each pair. The distribution of radon concentrations in soil gas shows bimodal shape. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
T2  - Radiation Measurements
T1  - A campaign of discrete radon concentration measurements in soil of Niska Banja town, Serbia
VL  - 42
IS  - 10
SP  - 1696
EP  - 1702
DO  - 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.06.010
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Žunić, Zora S. and Kozak, K. and Ciotoli, G. and Ramola, R. C. and Kochowska, E. and Ujić, Predrag and Čeliković, Igor T. and Mazur, J. and Janik, M. and Demajo, A. and Birovljev, A. and Bochicchio, Francesco and Yarmoshenko, Ilia V. and Kryeziu, D. and Olko, P.",
year = "2007",
abstract = "The first radon soil gas survey in Serbia, using passive detectors (SSNTD, CR-39), was carried out in June 2005 at field sites in Niska Banja town. The aim of the survey was to identify risk zones characterised by high levels of this radioactive gas. Radon measurements were made at the depth of 50cm, in the ground according to a systematic grid pattern. Furthermore, at all 48 measurement points, the surface gamma dose rates in the air was also measured at the same locations and soil samples were collected for gamma spectrometric analysis for the radionuclides Ra-226, Th-228 and K-40. Radon concentrations were found to range from 1270 to 155000 Bq m(-3) with an average of 33765 Bq m(-3) and a median value of 12626 Bq m(-3). The geometrical mean value and geometrical standard deviation were calculated as 16160 Bq m(-3) and 3.5 Bq m(-3), respectively. Gamma dose rate varies from 92 to 316 nGy h(-1), with an average of 132 nGy h(-1). The radium content in collected soil samples ranges from 24 to 1810 Bq kg(-1) with an average of 187 Bq kg(-1). High correlations (r(2) GT 0.8) between soil gas radon concentration, gamma dose rate and Ra-226 content in soil were found for each pair. The distribution of radon concentrations in soil gas shows bimodal shape. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
journal = "Radiation Measurements",
title = "A campaign of discrete radon concentration measurements in soil of Niska Banja town, Serbia",
volume = "42",
number = "10",
pages = "1696-1702",
doi = "10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.06.010"
}

Žunić, Z. S., Kozak, K., Ciotoli, G., Ramola, R. C., Kochowska, E., Ujić, P., Čeliković, I. T., Mazur, J., Janik, M., Demajo, A., Birovljev, A., Bochicchio, F., Yarmoshenko, I. V., Kryeziu, D.,& Olko, P.. (2007). A campaign of discrete radon concentration measurements in soil of Niska Banja town, Serbia. in Radiation Measurements, 42(10), 1696-1702.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.06.010

Žunić ZS, Kozak K, Ciotoli G, Ramola RC, Kochowska E, Ujić P, Čeliković IT, Mazur J, Janik M, Demajo A, Birovljev A, Bochicchio F, Yarmoshenko IV, Kryeziu D, Olko P. A campaign of discrete radon concentration measurements in soil of Niska Banja town, Serbia. in Radiation Measurements. 2007;42(10):1696-1702.
doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.06.010 .

Žunić, Zora S., Kozak, K., Ciotoli, G., Ramola, R. C., Kochowska, E., Ujić, Predrag, Čeliković, Igor T., Mazur, J., Janik, M., Demajo, A., Birovljev, A., Bochicchio, Francesco, Yarmoshenko, Ilia V., Kryeziu, D., Olko, P., "A campaign of discrete radon concentration measurements in soil of Niska Banja town, Serbia" in Radiation Measurements, 42, no. 10 (2007):1696-1702,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.06.010 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Yarmoshenko, Ilia V.
AU  - Birovljev, A.
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
AU  - Quarto, M.
AU  - Obryk, B.
AU  - Paszkowski, M.
AU  - Čeliković, Igor T.
AU  - Demajo, A.
AU  - Ujić, Predrag
AU  - Budzanowski, M.
AU  - Olko, P.
AU  - McLaughlin, J. P.
AU  - Waligorski, M. P. R.
PY  - 2007
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3161
AB  - A radon survey has been carried out around the town of Niska Banja (Serbia) in a region partly located over travertine formations, showing an enhanced level of natural radioactivity. Outdoor and indoor radon concentrations were measured seasonally over the whole year, using CR-39 diffusion type radon detectors. Outdoor measurements were performed at 56 points distributed over both travertine and alluvium sediment formations. Indoor radon concentrations were measured in 102 living rooms and bedrooms of 65 family houses. In about 50% of all measurement sites, radon concentration was measured over each season separately, making it possible to estimate seasonal variations, which were then used to correct values measured over different periods, and to estimate annual values. The average annual indoor radon concentration was estimated at over 1500 Bq/m(3) and at about 650 Bq/m(3) in parts of Niska Banja located over travertine and alluvium sediment formations, respectively, with maximum values exceeding 6000 Bq/m(3). The aver age value of outdoor annual radon concentration was 57 Bq/m(3), with a maximum value of 168 Bq/m(3). The high values of indoor and outdoor radon concentrations found at Niska Banja make this region a high natural background radiation area. Statistical analysis of our data confirms that the level of indoor radon concentration depends primarily on the underlying soil and building characteristics. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
T2  - Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
T1  - Radon survey in the high natural radiation region of Niska Banja, Serbia
VL  - 92
IS  - 3
SP  - 165
EP  - 174
DO  - 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.11.002
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Žunić, Zora S. and Yarmoshenko, Ilia V. and Birovljev, A. and Bochicchio, Francesco and Quarto, M. and Obryk, B. and Paszkowski, M. and Čeliković, Igor T. and Demajo, A. and Ujić, Predrag and Budzanowski, M. and Olko, P. and McLaughlin, J. P. and Waligorski, M. P. R.",
year = "2007",
abstract = "A radon survey has been carried out around the town of Niska Banja (Serbia) in a region partly located over travertine formations, showing an enhanced level of natural radioactivity. Outdoor and indoor radon concentrations were measured seasonally over the whole year, using CR-39 diffusion type radon detectors. Outdoor measurements were performed at 56 points distributed over both travertine and alluvium sediment formations. Indoor radon concentrations were measured in 102 living rooms and bedrooms of 65 family houses. In about 50% of all measurement sites, radon concentration was measured over each season separately, making it possible to estimate seasonal variations, which were then used to correct values measured over different periods, and to estimate annual values. The average annual indoor radon concentration was estimated at over 1500 Bq/m(3) and at about 650 Bq/m(3) in parts of Niska Banja located over travertine and alluvium sediment formations, respectively, with maximum values exceeding 6000 Bq/m(3). The aver age value of outdoor annual radon concentration was 57 Bq/m(3), with a maximum value of 168 Bq/m(3). The high values of indoor and outdoor radon concentrations found at Niska Banja make this region a high natural background radiation area. Statistical analysis of our data confirms that the level of indoor radon concentration depends primarily on the underlying soil and building characteristics. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
journal = "Journal of Environmental Radioactivity",
title = "Radon survey in the high natural radiation region of Niska Banja, Serbia",
volume = "92",
number = "3",
pages = "165-174",
doi = "10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.11.002"
}

Žunić, Z. S., Yarmoshenko, I. V., Birovljev, A., Bochicchio, F., Quarto, M., Obryk, B., Paszkowski, M., Čeliković, I. T., Demajo, A., Ujić, P., Budzanowski, M., Olko, P., McLaughlin, J. P.,& Waligorski, M. P. R.. (2007). Radon survey in the high natural radiation region of Niska Banja, Serbia. in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 92(3), 165-174.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.11.002

Žunić ZS, Yarmoshenko IV, Birovljev A, Bochicchio F, Quarto M, Obryk B, Paszkowski M, Čeliković IT, Demajo A, Ujić P, Budzanowski M, Olko P, McLaughlin JP, Waligorski MPR. Radon survey in the high natural radiation region of Niska Banja, Serbia. in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 2007;92(3):165-174.
doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.11.002 .

Žunić, Zora S., Yarmoshenko, Ilia V., Birovljev, A., Bochicchio, Francesco, Quarto, M., Obryk, B., Paszkowski, M., Čeliković, Igor T., Demajo, A., Ujić, Predrag, Budzanowski, M., Olko, P., McLaughlin, J. P., Waligorski, M. P. R., "Radon survey in the high natural radiation region of Niska Banja, Serbia" in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 92, no. 3 (2007):165-174,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.11.002 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Kobal, I.
AU  - Vaupotič, Janja
AU  - Kozak, K.
AU  - Mazur, J.
AU  - Birovljev, A.
AU  - Janik, M.
AU  - Čeliković, Igor T.
AU  - Ujić, Predrag
AU  - Demajo, A.
AU  - Krstic, G.
AU  - Jakupi, Bajram
AU  - Quarto, M.
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
PY  - 2006
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3066
AB  - The measurement campaigns have been done in the rural community of Niska. Banja, a spa town located in southern Serbia, to evaluate population exposure to natural radioactivity. After a screening survey in 200 houses, annual radon and thoron concentrations were measured in 34 houses, and in 2004 a detailed investigation was carried out at six houses with elevated indoor radon concentrations. The paper presents the results of these detailed measurements. The complementary techniques were applied to determine radon and thoron concentrations in indoor air, in soil gas, radon exhalation from soil, soil permeability, and indoor and outdoor gamma doses. Soil and water samples were collected and analysed in the laboratory. Indoor radon and thoron. concentrations were found to be more than 1 kBq m(-3) and 200 Bq m(-3) respectively. Extremely high concentrations of soil-gas radon ( GT 2000 kBq m(-3)) and radon exhalation rates (1.5 mBq m(-2) s(-1)) were observed. These results will be utilised to set up the methodology for a more systematic investigation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
T2  - Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
T1  - High natural radiation exposure in radon spa areas: a detailed field investigation in Niska Banja (Balkan region)
VL  - 89
IS  - 3
SP  - 249
EP  - 260
DO  - 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.05.010
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Žunić, Zora S. and Kobal, I. and Vaupotič, Janja and Kozak, K. and Mazur, J. and Birovljev, A. and Janik, M. and Čeliković, Igor T. and Ujić, Predrag and Demajo, A. and Krstic, G. and Jakupi, Bajram and Quarto, M. and Bochicchio, Francesco",
year = "2006",
abstract = "The measurement campaigns have been done in the rural community of Niska. Banja, a spa town located in southern Serbia, to evaluate population exposure to natural radioactivity. After a screening survey in 200 houses, annual radon and thoron concentrations were measured in 34 houses, and in 2004 a detailed investigation was carried out at six houses with elevated indoor radon concentrations. The paper presents the results of these detailed measurements. The complementary techniques were applied to determine radon and thoron concentrations in indoor air, in soil gas, radon exhalation from soil, soil permeability, and indoor and outdoor gamma doses. Soil and water samples were collected and analysed in the laboratory. Indoor radon and thoron. concentrations were found to be more than 1 kBq m(-3) and 200 Bq m(-3) respectively. Extremely high concentrations of soil-gas radon ( GT 2000 kBq m(-3)) and radon exhalation rates (1.5 mBq m(-2) s(-1)) were observed. These results will be utilised to set up the methodology for a more systematic investigation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
journal = "Journal of Environmental Radioactivity",
title = "High natural radiation exposure in radon spa areas: a detailed field investigation in Niska Banja (Balkan region)",
volume = "89",
number = "3",
pages = "249-260",
doi = "10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.05.010"
}

Žunić, Z. S., Kobal, I., Vaupotič, J., Kozak, K., Mazur, J., Birovljev, A., Janik, M., Čeliković, I. T., Ujić, P., Demajo, A., Krstic, G., Jakupi, B., Quarto, M.,& Bochicchio, F.. (2006). High natural radiation exposure in radon spa areas: a detailed field investigation in Niska Banja (Balkan region). in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 89(3), 249-260.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.05.010

Žunić ZS, Kobal I, Vaupotič J, Kozak K, Mazur J, Birovljev A, Janik M, Čeliković IT, Ujić P, Demajo A, Krstic G, Jakupi B, Quarto M, Bochicchio F. High natural radiation exposure in radon spa areas: a detailed field investigation in Niska Banja (Balkan region). in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 2006;89(3):249-260.
doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.05.010 .

Žunić, Zora S., Kobal, I., Vaupotič, Janja, Kozak, K., Mazur, J., Birovljev, A., Janik, M., Čeliković, Igor T., Ujić, Predrag, Demajo, A., Krstic, G., Jakupi, Bajram, Quarto, M., Bochicchio, Francesco, "High natural radiation exposure in radon spa areas: a detailed field investigation in Niska Banja (Balkan region)" in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 89, no. 3 (2006):249-260,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.05.010 . .