TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vanhavere, Filip
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Clairand, Isabelle
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - De Monte, F
AU  - Domienik-Andrzejewska, J
AU  - Ferrari, P
AU  - Ginjaume, M
AU  - Hršak, Hrvoje
AU  - Hupe, O
AU  - Knežević, Željka
AU  - O’Connor, U
AU  - Merce, M Sans
AU  - Sarmento, S
AU  - Savary, A
AU  - Siskoonen, T
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9051
AB  - Medical staff in interventional procedures are among the professionals with the highest occupational doses. Active personal dosemeters (APDs) can help in optimizing the exposure during interventional procedures. However, there can be problems when using APDs during interventional procedures, due to the specific energy and angular distribution of the radiation field and because of the pulsed nature of the radiation. Many parameters like the type of interventional procedure, personal habits and working techniques, protection tools used and X-ray field characteristics influence the occupational exposure and the scattered radiation around the patient. In this paper, we compare the results from three types of APDs with a passive personal dosimetry system while being used in real clinical environment by the interventional staff. The results show that there is a large spread in the ratios of the passive and active devices.
T2  - Radiation Protection Dosimetry
T1  - The use of active personal dosemeters in interventional workplaces in hospitals: comparison between active and passive dosemeters worn simultaneously by medical staff
VL  - 188
IS  - 1
SP  - 22
EP  - 29
DO  - 10.1093/rpd/ncz253
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Vanhavere, Filip and Carinou, Eleftheria and Clairand, Isabelle and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and De Monte, F and Domienik-Andrzejewska, J and Ferrari, P and Ginjaume, M and Hršak, Hrvoje and Hupe, O and Knežević, Željka and O’Connor, U and Merce, M Sans and Sarmento, S and Savary, A and Siskoonen, T",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Medical staff in interventional procedures are among the professionals with the highest occupational doses. Active personal dosemeters (APDs) can help in optimizing the exposure during interventional procedures. However, there can be problems when using APDs during interventional procedures, due to the specific energy and angular distribution of the radiation field and because of the pulsed nature of the radiation. Many parameters like the type of interventional procedure, personal habits and working techniques, protection tools used and X-ray field characteristics influence the occupational exposure and the scattered radiation around the patient. In this paper, we compare the results from three types of APDs with a passive personal dosimetry system while being used in real clinical environment by the interventional staff. The results show that there is a large spread in the ratios of the passive and active devices.",
journal = "Radiation Protection Dosimetry",
title = "The use of active personal dosemeters in interventional workplaces in hospitals: comparison between active and passive dosemeters worn simultaneously by medical staff",
volume = "188",
number = "1",
pages = "22-29",
doi = "10.1093/rpd/ncz253"
}

Vanhavere, F., Carinou, E., Clairand, I., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., De Monte, F., Domienik-Andrzejewska, J., Ferrari, P., Ginjaume, M., Hršak, H., Hupe, O., Knežević, Ž., O’Connor, U., Merce, M. S., Sarmento, S., Savary, A.,& Siskoonen, T.. (2020). The use of active personal dosemeters in interventional workplaces in hospitals: comparison between active and passive dosemeters worn simultaneously by medical staff. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 188(1), 22-29.
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz253

Vanhavere F, Carinou E, Clairand I, Ciraj-Bjelac O, De Monte F, Domienik-Andrzejewska J, Ferrari P, Ginjaume M, Hršak H, Hupe O, Knežević Ž, O’Connor U, Merce MS, Sarmento S, Savary A, Siskoonen T. The use of active personal dosemeters in interventional workplaces in hospitals: comparison between active and passive dosemeters worn simultaneously by medical staff. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2020;188(1):22-29.
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncz253 .

Vanhavere, Filip, Carinou, Eleftheria, Clairand, Isabelle, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, De Monte, F, Domienik-Andrzejewska, J, Ferrari, P, Ginjaume, M, Hršak, Hrvoje, Hupe, O, Knežević, Željka, O’Connor, U, Merce, M Sans, Sarmento, S, Savary, A, Siskoonen, T, "The use of active personal dosemeters in interventional workplaces in hospitals: comparison between active and passive dosemeters worn simultaneously by medical staff" in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 188, no. 1 (2020):22-29,
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz253 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Kollaard, Robert
AU  - Stanković-Petrović, Jelena S.
AU  - Ginjaume, Merce
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9021
AB  - Following the proposal of the ICRP for the reduction of the dose limit for the lens of the eye, which has been adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the European Council, concerns have been raised about the implementation of proper dose monitoring methods as defined in national regulations, and about the harmonisation between European countries. The European Radiation Dosimetry Group organised a survey at the end of 2017, through a web questionnaire, regarding national dose monitoring regulations. The questions were related to: double dosimetry, algorithms for the estimation of the effective dose, methodology for the determination of the equivalent dose to the lens of the eye and structure of the national dose registry. The results showed that more than 50% of the countries that responded to the survey have legal requirements about the number and the position of dosemeters used for estimation of the effective dose when radiation protection garments are used. However, in only five out of 26 countries are there nationally approved algorithms for the estimation of the effective dose. In 14 out of 26 countries there is a legal requirement to estimate the dose to the lens of the eye. All of the responding countries use some kind of national database for storing individual monitoring data but in only 12 out of 26 countries are the estimated effective dose values stored. The personal dose equivalent at depth 3 mm is stored in the registry of only seven out of 26 countries. From the survey, performed just before the implementation of the European Basic Safety Standards Directive, it is concluded that national occupational exposure frameworks require intensive and immediate work under the coordination of the competent authorities to bring them into line with the latest basic safety standards and achieve harmonisation between European countries.
T2  - Journal of Radiological Protection
T1  - A European survey on the regulatory status for the estimation of the effective dose and the equivalent dose to the lens of the eye when radiation protection garments are used
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
SP  - 126
EP  - 135
DO  - 10.1088/1361-6498/aaf456
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Carinou, Eleftheria and Kollaard, Robert and Stanković-Petrović, Jelena S. and Ginjaume, Merce",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Following the proposal of the ICRP for the reduction of the dose limit for the lens of the eye, which has been adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the European Council, concerns have been raised about the implementation of proper dose monitoring methods as defined in national regulations, and about the harmonisation between European countries. The European Radiation Dosimetry Group organised a survey at the end of 2017, through a web questionnaire, regarding national dose monitoring regulations. The questions were related to: double dosimetry, algorithms for the estimation of the effective dose, methodology for the determination of the equivalent dose to the lens of the eye and structure of the national dose registry. The results showed that more than 50% of the countries that responded to the survey have legal requirements about the number and the position of dosemeters used for estimation of the effective dose when radiation protection garments are used. However, in only five out of 26 countries are there nationally approved algorithms for the estimation of the effective dose. In 14 out of 26 countries there is a legal requirement to estimate the dose to the lens of the eye. All of the responding countries use some kind of national database for storing individual monitoring data but in only 12 out of 26 countries are the estimated effective dose values stored. The personal dose equivalent at depth 3 mm is stored in the registry of only seven out of 26 countries. From the survey, performed just before the implementation of the European Basic Safety Standards Directive, it is concluded that national occupational exposure frameworks require intensive and immediate work under the coordination of the competent authorities to bring them into line with the latest basic safety standards and achieve harmonisation between European countries.",
journal = "Journal of Radiological Protection",
title = "A European survey on the regulatory status for the estimation of the effective dose and the equivalent dose to the lens of the eye when radiation protection garments are used",
volume = "39",
number = "1",
pages = "126-135",
doi = "10.1088/1361-6498/aaf456"
}

Carinou, E., Kollaard, R., Stanković-Petrović, J. S.,& Ginjaume, M.. (2019). A European survey on the regulatory status for the estimation of the effective dose and the equivalent dose to the lens of the eye when radiation protection garments are used. in Journal of Radiological Protection, 39(1), 126-135.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/aaf456

Carinou E, Kollaard R, Stanković-Petrović JS, Ginjaume M. A European survey on the regulatory status for the estimation of the effective dose and the equivalent dose to the lens of the eye when radiation protection garments are used. in Journal of Radiological Protection. 2019;39(1):126-135.
doi:10.1088/1361-6498/aaf456 .

Carinou, Eleftheria, Kollaard, Robert, Stanković-Petrović, Jelena S., Ginjaume, Merce, "A European survey on the regulatory status for the estimation of the effective dose and the equivalent dose to the lens of the eye when radiation protection garments are used" in Journal of Radiological Protection, 39, no. 1 (2019):126-135,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/aaf456 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Vanhavere, Filip
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7732
AB  - Considering that occupational exposure in medicine is a matter of growing concern, active personal dosimeters (APDs) are also increasingly being used in different fields of application of ionising radiation in medicine. An extensive survey to collect relevant information regarding the use of APDs in medical imaging applications of ionising radiation was organised by the EURADOS (European Radiation Dosimetry Group) Working Group 12. The objective was to collect data about the use of APDs and to identify the basic problems in the use of APDs in hospitals. APDs are most frequently used in interventional radiology and cardiology departments (54%), in nuclear medicine (29%), and in radiotherapy (12%). Most types of APDs use silicon diodes as the detector; however, in many cases their calibration is not given proper attention, as radiation beam qualities in which they are calibrated differ significantly from those in which they are actually used. The survey revealed problems related to the use of APDs, including their reliability in pulsed x-ray fields that are widely used in hospitals. Guidance from regulatory authorities and professional organisations on the testing and calibration of APDs used in hospital would likely improve the situation.
T2  - Journal of Radiological Protection
T1  - Use of active personal dosimeters in hospitals: EURADOS survey
VL  - 38
IS  - 2
SP  - 702
EP  - 715
DO  - 10.1088/1361-6498/aabce1
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Carinou, Eleftheria and Vanhavere, Filip",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Considering that occupational exposure in medicine is a matter of growing concern, active personal dosimeters (APDs) are also increasingly being used in different fields of application of ionising radiation in medicine. An extensive survey to collect relevant information regarding the use of APDs in medical imaging applications of ionising radiation was organised by the EURADOS (European Radiation Dosimetry Group) Working Group 12. The objective was to collect data about the use of APDs and to identify the basic problems in the use of APDs in hospitals. APDs are most frequently used in interventional radiology and cardiology departments (54%), in nuclear medicine (29%), and in radiotherapy (12%). Most types of APDs use silicon diodes as the detector; however, in many cases their calibration is not given proper attention, as radiation beam qualities in which they are calibrated differ significantly from those in which they are actually used. The survey revealed problems related to the use of APDs, including their reliability in pulsed x-ray fields that are widely used in hospitals. Guidance from regulatory authorities and professional organisations on the testing and calibration of APDs used in hospital would likely improve the situation.",
journal = "Journal of Radiological Protection",
title = "Use of active personal dosimeters in hospitals: EURADOS survey",
volume = "38",
number = "2",
pages = "702-715",
doi = "10.1088/1361-6498/aabce1"
}

Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Carinou, E.,& Vanhavere, F.. (2018). Use of active personal dosimeters in hospitals: EURADOS survey. in Journal of Radiological Protection, 38(2), 702-715.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/aabce1

Ciraj-Bjelac O, Carinou E, Vanhavere F. Use of active personal dosimeters in hospitals: EURADOS survey. in Journal of Radiological Protection. 2018;38(2):702-715.
doi:10.1088/1361-6498/aabce1 .

Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Carinou, Eleftheria, Vanhavere, Filip, "Use of active personal dosimeters in hospitals: EURADOS survey" in Journal of Radiological Protection, 38, no. 2 (2018):702-715,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/aabce1 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Struelens, Lara
AU  - Dabin, Jeremie
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Askounis, Panagiotis
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna
AU  - Berus, Danielle
AU  - Padovani, Renato
AU  - Farah, Jad
AU  - Covens, Peter
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7654
AB  - This study describes the retrospective lens dose calculation methods developed and applied within the European epidemiological study on radiation-induced lens opacities among interventional cardiologists. While one approach focuses on self-reported data regarding working practice in combination with available procedure-specific eye lens dose values, the second approach focuses on the conversion of the individual whole-body dose to eye lens dose. In contrast with usual dose reconstruction methods within an epidemiological study, a protocol is applied resulting in an individual distribution of possible cumulative lens doses for each recruited cardiologist, rather than a single dose estimate. In this way, the uncertainty in the dose estimate (from measurement uncertainty and variability among cardiologists) is represented for each individual. Eye lens dose and whole-body dose measurements have been performed in clinical practice to validate both methods, and it was concluded that both produce acceptable results in the framework of a dose-risk evaluation study. Optimal results were obtained for the dose to the left eye using procedure-specific lens dose data in combination with information collected on working practice. This method has been applied to 421 interventional cardiologists resulting in a median cumulative eye lens dose of 15.1 cSv for the left eye and 11.4 cSv for the right eye. From the individual cumulative eye lens dose distributions obtained for each cardiologist, maxima up to 9-10 Sv were observed, although with low probability. Since whole-body dose values above the lead apron are available for only a small fraction of the cohort and in many cases not for the entire working career, the second method has only been used to benchmark the results from the first approach. This study succeeded in improving the retrospective calculation of cumulative eye lens doses in the framework of radiation-induced risk assessment of lens opacities, but it remains dependent on self-reported information, which is not always reliable for early years. However, the calculation tools developed can also be used to make an assessment of the eye lens dose in current practice.
T2  - Radiation Research
T1  - Radiation-Induced Lens Opacities among Interventional Cardiologists: Retrospective Assessment of Cumulative Eye Lens Doses
VL  - 189
IS  - 4
SP  - 399
EP  - 408
DO  - 10.1667/RR14970.1
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Struelens, Lara and Dabin, Jeremie and Carinou, Eleftheria and Askounis, Panagiotis and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna and Berus, Danielle and Padovani, Renato and Farah, Jad and Covens, Peter",
year = "2018",
abstract = "This study describes the retrospective lens dose calculation methods developed and applied within the European epidemiological study on radiation-induced lens opacities among interventional cardiologists. While one approach focuses on self-reported data regarding working practice in combination with available procedure-specific eye lens dose values, the second approach focuses on the conversion of the individual whole-body dose to eye lens dose. In contrast with usual dose reconstruction methods within an epidemiological study, a protocol is applied resulting in an individual distribution of possible cumulative lens doses for each recruited cardiologist, rather than a single dose estimate. In this way, the uncertainty in the dose estimate (from measurement uncertainty and variability among cardiologists) is represented for each individual. Eye lens dose and whole-body dose measurements have been performed in clinical practice to validate both methods, and it was concluded that both produce acceptable results in the framework of a dose-risk evaluation study. Optimal results were obtained for the dose to the left eye using procedure-specific lens dose data in combination with information collected on working practice. This method has been applied to 421 interventional cardiologists resulting in a median cumulative eye lens dose of 15.1 cSv for the left eye and 11.4 cSv for the right eye. From the individual cumulative eye lens dose distributions obtained for each cardiologist, maxima up to 9-10 Sv were observed, although with low probability. Since whole-body dose values above the lead apron are available for only a small fraction of the cohort and in many cases not for the entire working career, the second method has only been used to benchmark the results from the first approach. This study succeeded in improving the retrospective calculation of cumulative eye lens doses in the framework of radiation-induced risk assessment of lens opacities, but it remains dependent on self-reported information, which is not always reliable for early years. However, the calculation tools developed can also be used to make an assessment of the eye lens dose in current practice.",
journal = "Radiation Research",
title = "Radiation-Induced Lens Opacities among Interventional Cardiologists: Retrospective Assessment of Cumulative Eye Lens Doses",
volume = "189",
number = "4",
pages = "399-408",
doi = "10.1667/RR14970.1"
}

Struelens, L., Dabin, J., Carinou, E., Askounis, P., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Domienik-Andrzejewska, J., Berus, D., Padovani, R., Farah, J.,& Covens, P.. (2018). Radiation-Induced Lens Opacities among Interventional Cardiologists: Retrospective Assessment of Cumulative Eye Lens Doses. in Radiation Research, 189(4), 399-408.
https://doi.org/10.1667/RR14970.1

Struelens L, Dabin J, Carinou E, Askounis P, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Domienik-Andrzejewska J, Berus D, Padovani R, Farah J, Covens P. Radiation-Induced Lens Opacities among Interventional Cardiologists: Retrospective Assessment of Cumulative Eye Lens Doses. in Radiation Research. 2018;189(4):399-408.
doi:10.1667/RR14970.1 .

Struelens, Lara, Dabin, Jeremie, Carinou, Eleftheria, Askounis, Panagiotis, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna, Berus, Danielle, Padovani, Renato, Farah, Jad, Covens, Peter, "Radiation-Induced Lens Opacities among Interventional Cardiologists: Retrospective Assessment of Cumulative Eye Lens Doses" in Radiation Research, 189, no. 4 (2018):399-408,
https://doi.org/10.1667/RR14970.1 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jarvinen, Hannu
AU  - Farah, Jad
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Dabin, Jeremie
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna
AU  - Kluszczynski, Dariusz
AU  - Knežević, Željka
AU  - Kopec, Renata
AU  - Majer, Marija
AU  - Malchair, Francoise
AU  - Negri, Anna
AU  - Pankowski, Piotr
AU  - Sarmento, Sandra
AU  - Trianni, Annalisa
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7621
AB  - Purpose: The feasibility of setting-up generic, hospital-independent dose alert levels to initiate vigilance on possible skin injuries in interventional procedures was studied for three high-dose procedures (chemoembolization (TACE) of the liver, neuro-embolization (NE) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)) in 9 European countries. Methods: Gafchromic (R) films and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) were used to determine the Maximum Skin Dose (MSD). Correlation of the online dose indicators (fluoroscopy time, kerma- or dose-area product (KAP or DAP) and cumulative air kerma at interventional reference point (K-a,K-r)) with MSD was evaluated and used to establish the alert levels corresponding to a MSD of 2 Gy and 5 Gy. The uncertainties of alert levels in terms of DAP and K-a,K-r, and uncertainty of MSD were calculated. Results: About 20-30% of all MSD values exceeded 2 Gy while only 2-6% exceeded 5 Gy. The correlations suggest that both DAP and K-a,K-r can be used as a dose indicator for alert levels (Pearson correlation coefficient p mostly > 0.8), while fluoroscopy time is not suitable (p mostly < 0.6). Generic alert levels based on DAP (Gy cm(2)) were suggested for MSD of both 2 Gy and 5 Gy (for 5 Gy: TACE 750, PCI 250 and NE 400). The suggested levels are close to the lowest values published in several other studies. The uncertainty of the MSD was estimated to be around 10-15% and of hospital-specific skin dose alert levels about 20-30% (with coverage factor k = 1). Conclusions: The generic alert levels are feasible for some cases but should be used with caution, only as the first approximation, while hospital-specific alert levels are preferred as the final approach.
T2  - Physica Medica
T1  - Feasibility of setting up generic alert levels for maximum skin dose in fluoroscopically guided procedures
VL  - 46
SP  - 67
EP  - 74
DO  - 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.01.010
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jarvinen, Hannu and Farah, Jad and Siiskonen, Teemu and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Dabin, Jeremie and Carinou, Eleftheria and Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna and Kluszczynski, Dariusz and Knežević, Željka and Kopec, Renata and Majer, Marija and Malchair, Francoise and Negri, Anna and Pankowski, Piotr and Sarmento, Sandra and Trianni, Annalisa",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Purpose: The feasibility of setting-up generic, hospital-independent dose alert levels to initiate vigilance on possible skin injuries in interventional procedures was studied for three high-dose procedures (chemoembolization (TACE) of the liver, neuro-embolization (NE) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)) in 9 European countries. Methods: Gafchromic (R) films and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) were used to determine the Maximum Skin Dose (MSD). Correlation of the online dose indicators (fluoroscopy time, kerma- or dose-area product (KAP or DAP) and cumulative air kerma at interventional reference point (K-a,K-r)) with MSD was evaluated and used to establish the alert levels corresponding to a MSD of 2 Gy and 5 Gy. The uncertainties of alert levels in terms of DAP and K-a,K-r, and uncertainty of MSD were calculated. Results: About 20-30% of all MSD values exceeded 2 Gy while only 2-6% exceeded 5 Gy. The correlations suggest that both DAP and K-a,K-r can be used as a dose indicator for alert levels (Pearson correlation coefficient p mostly > 0.8), while fluoroscopy time is not suitable (p mostly < 0.6). Generic alert levels based on DAP (Gy cm(2)) were suggested for MSD of both 2 Gy and 5 Gy (for 5 Gy: TACE 750, PCI 250 and NE 400). The suggested levels are close to the lowest values published in several other studies. The uncertainty of the MSD was estimated to be around 10-15% and of hospital-specific skin dose alert levels about 20-30% (with coverage factor k = 1). Conclusions: The generic alert levels are feasible for some cases but should be used with caution, only as the first approximation, while hospital-specific alert levels are preferred as the final approach.",
journal = "Physica Medica",
title = "Feasibility of setting up generic alert levels for maximum skin dose in fluoroscopically guided procedures",
volume = "46",
pages = "67-74",
doi = "10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.01.010"
}

Jarvinen, H., Farah, J., Siiskonen, T., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Dabin, J., Carinou, E., Domienik-Andrzejewska, J., Kluszczynski, D., Knežević, Ž., Kopec, R., Majer, M., Malchair, F., Negri, A., Pankowski, P., Sarmento, S.,& Trianni, A.. (2018). Feasibility of setting up generic alert levels for maximum skin dose in fluoroscopically guided procedures. in Physica Medica, 46, 67-74.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.01.010

Jarvinen H, Farah J, Siiskonen T, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Dabin J, Carinou E, Domienik-Andrzejewska J, Kluszczynski D, Knežević Ž, Kopec R, Majer M, Malchair F, Negri A, Pankowski P, Sarmento S, Trianni A. Feasibility of setting up generic alert levels for maximum skin dose in fluoroscopically guided procedures. in Physica Medica. 2018;46:67-74.
doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.01.010 .

Jarvinen, Hannu, Farah, Jad, Siiskonen, Teemu, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Dabin, Jeremie, Carinou, Eleftheria, Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna, Kluszczynski, Dariusz, Knežević, Željka, Kopec, Renata, Majer, Marija, Malchair, Francoise, Negri, Anna, Pankowski, Piotr, Sarmento, Sandra, Trianni, Annalisa, "Feasibility of setting up generic alert levels for maximum skin dose in fluoroscopically guided procedures" in Physica Medica, 46 (2018):67-74,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.01.010 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Ferrari, Paolo
AU  - Gingaume, Merce
AU  - Merce, Marta Sans
AU  - O'Connor, Una
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1299
AB  - Occupational exposure from interventional x-ray procedures is one of the areas in which increased eye lens exposure may occur. Accurate dosimetry is an important element to investigate the correlation of observed radiation effects with radiation dose, to verify the compliance with regulatory dose limits, and to optimize radiation protection practice. The objective of this work is to review eye lens dose levels in clinical practice that may occur from the use of ionizing radiation. The use of a dedicated eye lens dosimeter is the recommended methodology; however, in practice it cannot always be easily implemented. Alternatively, the eye lens dose could be assessed from measurements of other dosimetric quantities or other indirect parameters, such as patient dose. The practical implementation of monitoring eye lens doses and the use of adequate protective equipment still remains a challenge. The use of lead glasses with a good fit to the face, appropriate lateral coverage, and/or ceiling-suspended screens is recommended in workplaces with potential high eye lens doses.
T2  - Journal of the American College of Radiology
T1  - Occupational Exposure of the Eye Lens in Interventional Procedures: How to Assess and Manage Radiation Dose
VL  - 13
IS  - 11
SP  - 1347
EP  - 1353
DO  - 10.1016/j.jacr.2016.06.015
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Carinou, Eleftheria and Ferrari, Paolo and Gingaume, Merce and Merce, Marta Sans and O'Connor, Una",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Occupational exposure from interventional x-ray procedures is one of the areas in which increased eye lens exposure may occur. Accurate dosimetry is an important element to investigate the correlation of observed radiation effects with radiation dose, to verify the compliance with regulatory dose limits, and to optimize radiation protection practice. The objective of this work is to review eye lens dose levels in clinical practice that may occur from the use of ionizing radiation. The use of a dedicated eye lens dosimeter is the recommended methodology; however, in practice it cannot always be easily implemented. Alternatively, the eye lens dose could be assessed from measurements of other dosimetric quantities or other indirect parameters, such as patient dose. The practical implementation of monitoring eye lens doses and the use of adequate protective equipment still remains a challenge. The use of lead glasses with a good fit to the face, appropriate lateral coverage, and/or ceiling-suspended screens is recommended in workplaces with potential high eye lens doses.",
journal = "Journal of the American College of Radiology",
title = "Occupational Exposure of the Eye Lens in Interventional Procedures: How to Assess and Manage Radiation Dose",
volume = "13",
number = "11",
pages = "1347-1353",
doi = "10.1016/j.jacr.2016.06.015"
}

Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Carinou, E., Ferrari, P., Gingaume, M., Merce, M. S.,& O'Connor, U.. (2016). Occupational Exposure of the Eye Lens in Interventional Procedures: How to Assess and Manage Radiation Dose. in Journal of the American College of Radiology, 13(11), 1347-1353.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2016.06.015

Ciraj-Bjelac O, Carinou E, Ferrari P, Gingaume M, Merce MS, O'Connor U. Occupational Exposure of the Eye Lens in Interventional Procedures: How to Assess and Manage Radiation Dose. in Journal of the American College of Radiology. 2016;13(11):1347-1353.
doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2016.06.015 .

Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Carinou, Eleftheria, Ferrari, Paolo, Gingaume, Merce, Merce, Marta Sans, O'Connor, Una, "Occupational Exposure of the Eye Lens in Interventional Procedures: How to Assess and Manage Radiation Dose" in Journal of the American College of Radiology, 13, no. 11 (2016):1347-1353,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2016.06.015 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farah, Jad
AU  - Trianni, A.
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Clairand, Isabelle
AU  - Dabin, Jeremie
AU  - De Angelis, C.
AU  - Domienik, Joanna
AU  - Jarvinen, Hannu
AU  - Kopec, R.
AU  - Majer, Marija
AU  - Malchair, Francoise
AU  - Negri, A.
AU  - Novak, L.
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Vanhavere, Filip
AU  - Knežević, Željka
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7068
AB  - To help operators acknowledge patient dose during interventional procedures, EURADOS WG-12 focused on measuring patient skin dose using XR-RV3 gafchromic films, thermoluminescent detector (TLD) pellets or 2D TL foils and on investigating possible correlation to the on-line dose indicators such as fluoroscopy time, Kerma-area product (KAP) and cumulative air Kerma at reference point (CK). The study aims at defining non-centre-specific European alert thresholds for skin dose in three interventional procedures: chemoembolization of the liver (CE), neuroembolization (NE) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Skin dose values of GT 3 Gy (ICRP threshold for skin injuries) were indeed measured in these procedures confirming the need for dose indicators that correlate with maximum skin dose (MSD). However, although MSD showed fairly good correlation with KAP and CK, several limitations were identified challenging the set-up of non-centre-specific European alert thresholds. This paper presents preliminary results of this wide European measurement campaign and focuses on the main challenges in the definition of European alert thresholds.
T2  - Radiation Protection Dosimetry
T1  - Measurement of maximum skin dose in interventional radiology and cardiology and challenges in the set-up of European alert thresholds
VL  - 164
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 138
EP  - 142
DO  - 10.1093/rpd/ncu314
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Farah, Jad and Trianni, A. and Carinou, Eleftheria and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Clairand, Isabelle and Dabin, Jeremie and De Angelis, C. and Domienik, Joanna and Jarvinen, Hannu and Kopec, R. and Majer, Marija and Malchair, Francoise and Negri, A. and Novak, L. and Siiskonen, Teemu and Vanhavere, Filip and Knežević, Željka",
year = "2015",
abstract = "To help operators acknowledge patient dose during interventional procedures, EURADOS WG-12 focused on measuring patient skin dose using XR-RV3 gafchromic films, thermoluminescent detector (TLD) pellets or 2D TL foils and on investigating possible correlation to the on-line dose indicators such as fluoroscopy time, Kerma-area product (KAP) and cumulative air Kerma at reference point (CK). The study aims at defining non-centre-specific European alert thresholds for skin dose in three interventional procedures: chemoembolization of the liver (CE), neuroembolization (NE) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Skin dose values of GT 3 Gy (ICRP threshold for skin injuries) were indeed measured in these procedures confirming the need for dose indicators that correlate with maximum skin dose (MSD). However, although MSD showed fairly good correlation with KAP and CK, several limitations were identified challenging the set-up of non-centre-specific European alert thresholds. This paper presents preliminary results of this wide European measurement campaign and focuses on the main challenges in the definition of European alert thresholds.",
journal = "Radiation Protection Dosimetry",
title = "Measurement of maximum skin dose in interventional radiology and cardiology and challenges in the set-up of European alert thresholds",
volume = "164",
number = "1-2",
pages = "138-142",
doi = "10.1093/rpd/ncu314"
}

Farah, J., Trianni, A., Carinou, E., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Clairand, I., Dabin, J., De Angelis, C., Domienik, J., Jarvinen, H., Kopec, R., Majer, M., Malchair, F., Negri, A., Novak, L., Siiskonen, T., Vanhavere, F.,& Knežević, Ž.. (2015). Measurement of maximum skin dose in interventional radiology and cardiology and challenges in the set-up of European alert thresholds. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 164(1-2), 138-142.
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu314

Farah J, Trianni A, Carinou E, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Clairand I, Dabin J, De Angelis C, Domienik J, Jarvinen H, Kopec R, Majer M, Malchair F, Negri A, Novak L, Siiskonen T, Vanhavere F, Knežević Ž. Measurement of maximum skin dose in interventional radiology and cardiology and challenges in the set-up of European alert thresholds. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2015;164(1-2):138-142.
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu314 .

Farah, Jad, Trianni, A., Carinou, Eleftheria, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Clairand, Isabelle, Dabin, Jeremie, De Angelis, C., Domienik, Joanna, Jarvinen, Hannu, Kopec, R., Majer, Marija, Malchair, Francoise, Negri, A., Novak, L., Siiskonen, Teemu, Vanhavere, Filip, Knežević, Željka, "Measurement of maximum skin dose in interventional radiology and cardiology and challenges in the set-up of European alert thresholds" in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 164, no. 1-2 (2015):138-142,
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu314 . .