TY  - JOUR
AU  - Feghali, Joelle Ann
AU  - Delépierre, Julie
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Dabin, Jérémie
AU  - Deleu, Marine
AU  - De Monte, Francesca
AU  - Dobrić, Milan R.
AU  - Gallagher, Aoife
AU  - Hadid-Beurrier, Lama
AU  - Henry, Patrick
AU  - Hršak, Hrvoje
AU  - Kiernan, Tom
AU  - Kumar, Rajesh
AU  - Knežević, Željka
AU  - Maccia, Carlo
AU  - Majer, Marija
AU  - Malchair, Françoise
AU  - Noble, Stéphane
AU  - Obrad, Davor
AU  - Merce, Marta Sans
AU  - Sideris, Georgios
AU  - Simantirakis, George
AU  - Spaulding, Christian
AU  - Tarantini, Giuseppe
AU  - Van Ngoc Ty, Claire
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10111
AB  - Optimizing patient exposure in interventional cardiology is key to avoid skin injuries.PurposeTo establish predictive models of peak skin dose (PSD) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO), and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedures.Material and MethodsA total of 534 PCI, 219 CTO, and 209 TAVI were collected from 12 hospitals in eight European countries. Independent associations between PSD and clinical and technical dose determinants were examined for those procedures using multivariate statistical analysis. A priori and a posteriori predictive models were built using stepwise multiple linear regressions. A fourfold cross-validation was performed, and models? performance was evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), coefficient of determination (R²), and linear correlation coefficient (r).ResultsMultivariate analysis proved technical parameters to overweight clinical complexity indices with PSD mainly affected by fluoroscopy time, tube voltage, tube current, distance to detector, and tube angulation for PCI. For CTO, these were body mass index, tube voltage, and fluoroscopy contribution. For TAVI, these parameters were sex, fluoroscopy time, tube voltage, and cine acquisitions. When benchmarking the predictive models, the correlation coefficients were r?=?0.45 for the a priori model and r?=?0.89 for the a posteriori model for PCI. These were 0.44 and 0.67, respectively, for the CTO a priori and a posteriori models, and 0.58 and 0.74, respectively, for the TAVI a priori and a posteriori models.ConclusionA priori predictive models can help operators estimate the PSD before performing the intervention while a posteriori models are more accurate estimates and can be useful in the absence of skin dose mapping solutions
T2  - Acta Radiologica
T1  - Establishing a priori and a posteriori predictive models to assess patients’ peak skin dose in interventional cardiology. Part 2: results of the VERIDIC project
DO  - 10.1177/02841851211062089
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Feghali, Joelle Ann and Delépierre, Julie and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Dabin, Jérémie and Deleu, Marine and De Monte, Francesca and Dobrić, Milan R. and Gallagher, Aoife and Hadid-Beurrier, Lama and Henry, Patrick and Hršak, Hrvoje and Kiernan, Tom and Kumar, Rajesh and Knežević, Željka and Maccia, Carlo and Majer, Marija and Malchair, Françoise and Noble, Stéphane and Obrad, Davor and Merce, Marta Sans and Sideris, Georgios and Simantirakis, George and Spaulding, Christian and Tarantini, Giuseppe and Van Ngoc Ty, Claire",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Optimizing patient exposure in interventional cardiology is key to avoid skin injuries.PurposeTo establish predictive models of peak skin dose (PSD) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO), and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedures.Material and MethodsA total of 534 PCI, 219 CTO, and 209 TAVI were collected from 12 hospitals in eight European countries. Independent associations between PSD and clinical and technical dose determinants were examined for those procedures using multivariate statistical analysis. A priori and a posteriori predictive models were built using stepwise multiple linear regressions. A fourfold cross-validation was performed, and models? performance was evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), coefficient of determination (R²), and linear correlation coefficient (r).ResultsMultivariate analysis proved technical parameters to overweight clinical complexity indices with PSD mainly affected by fluoroscopy time, tube voltage, tube current, distance to detector, and tube angulation for PCI. For CTO, these were body mass index, tube voltage, and fluoroscopy contribution. For TAVI, these parameters were sex, fluoroscopy time, tube voltage, and cine acquisitions. When benchmarking the predictive models, the correlation coefficients were r?=?0.45 for the a priori model and r?=?0.89 for the a posteriori model for PCI. These were 0.44 and 0.67, respectively, for the CTO a priori and a posteriori models, and 0.58 and 0.74, respectively, for the TAVI a priori and a posteriori models.ConclusionA priori predictive models can help operators estimate the PSD before performing the intervention while a posteriori models are more accurate estimates and can be useful in the absence of skin dose mapping solutions",
journal = "Acta Radiologica",
title = "Establishing a priori and a posteriori predictive models to assess patients’ peak skin dose in interventional cardiology. Part 2: results of the VERIDIC project",
doi = "10.1177/02841851211062089"
}

Feghali, J. A., Delépierre, J., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Dabin, J., Deleu, M., De Monte, F., Dobrić, M. R., Gallagher, A., Hadid-Beurrier, L., Henry, P., Hršak, H., Kiernan, T., Kumar, R., Knežević, Ž., Maccia, C., Majer, M., Malchair, F., Noble, S., Obrad, D., Merce, M. S., Sideris, G., Simantirakis, G., Spaulding, C., Tarantini, G.,& Van Ngoc Ty, C.. (2021). Establishing a priori and a posteriori predictive models to assess patients’ peak skin dose in interventional cardiology. Part 2: results of the VERIDIC project. in Acta Radiologica.
https://doi.org/10.1177/02841851211062089

Feghali JA, Delépierre J, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Dabin J, Deleu M, De Monte F, Dobrić MR, Gallagher A, Hadid-Beurrier L, Henry P, Hršak H, Kiernan T, Kumar R, Knežević Ž, Maccia C, Majer M, Malchair F, Noble S, Obrad D, Merce MS, Sideris G, Simantirakis G, Spaulding C, Tarantini G, Van Ngoc Ty C. Establishing a priori and a posteriori predictive models to assess patients’ peak skin dose in interventional cardiology. Part 2: results of the VERIDIC project. in Acta Radiologica. 2021;.
doi:10.1177/02841851211062089 .

Feghali, Joelle Ann, Delépierre, Julie, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Dabin, Jérémie, Deleu, Marine, De Monte, Francesca, Dobrić, Milan R., Gallagher, Aoife, Hadid-Beurrier, Lama, Henry, Patrick, Hršak, Hrvoje, Kiernan, Tom, Kumar, Rajesh, Knežević, Željka, Maccia, Carlo, Majer, Marija, Malchair, Françoise, Noble, Stéphane, Obrad, Davor, Merce, Marta Sans, Sideris, Georgios, Simantirakis, George, Spaulding, Christian, Tarantini, Giuseppe, Van Ngoc Ty, Claire, "Establishing a priori and a posteriori predictive models to assess patients’ peak skin dose in interventional cardiology. Part 2: results of the VERIDIC project" in Acta Radiologica (2021),
https://doi.org/10.1177/02841851211062089 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malchair, Françoise
AU  - Dabin, Jérémie
AU  - Deleu, Marine
AU  - Merce, Marta Sans
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Gallagher, Aoife
AU  - Maccia, Carlo
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9714
AB  - PurposeIn interventional cardiology, patients may be exposed to high doses to the skin resulting in skin burns following single or multiple procedures. Reviewing and analysing available software (online or offline) may help medical physicists assessing the maximum skin dose to the patient together with the dose distribution during (or after) these procedures.Method and resultsCapabilities and accuracy of available software were analysed through an extensive bibliography search and contacts with both vendor and authors. Their markedly differed among developers. In total, 22 software were identified and reviewed according to their algorithms and their capabilities. Special attention was dedicated to their main features and limitations of interest for the intended clinical use. While the accuracy of the 12 software products validated with measurements on phantoms was acceptable (within ± 25%), the agreement was poor for the two products validated on patients (within ± 43% and ± 76%, respectively). In addition, no software has been validated on angiographic units from all manufacturers, though several software developers claimed vendor-independent transportability. Only one software allows for multiple procedures dose calculation.ConclusionLarge differences among vendors made it clear that work remains to be done before an accurate and reliable skin dose mapping is available for all patients.
T2  - Physica Medica
T1  - Review of skin dose calculation software in interventional cardiology
VL  - 80
SP  - 75
EP  - 83
DO  - 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.09.023
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Malchair, Françoise and Dabin, Jérémie and Deleu, Marine and Merce, Marta Sans and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Gallagher, Aoife and Maccia, Carlo",
year = "2020",
abstract = "PurposeIn interventional cardiology, patients may be exposed to high doses to the skin resulting in skin burns following single or multiple procedures. Reviewing and analysing available software (online or offline) may help medical physicists assessing the maximum skin dose to the patient together with the dose distribution during (or after) these procedures.Method and resultsCapabilities and accuracy of available software were analysed through an extensive bibliography search and contacts with both vendor and authors. Their markedly differed among developers. In total, 22 software were identified and reviewed according to their algorithms and their capabilities. Special attention was dedicated to their main features and limitations of interest for the intended clinical use. While the accuracy of the 12 software products validated with measurements on phantoms was acceptable (within ± 25%), the agreement was poor for the two products validated on patients (within ± 43% and ± 76%, respectively). In addition, no software has been validated on angiographic units from all manufacturers, though several software developers claimed vendor-independent transportability. Only one software allows for multiple procedures dose calculation.ConclusionLarge differences among vendors made it clear that work remains to be done before an accurate and reliable skin dose mapping is available for all patients.",
journal = "Physica Medica",
title = "Review of skin dose calculation software in interventional cardiology",
volume = "80",
pages = "75-83",
doi = "10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.09.023"
}

Malchair, F., Dabin, J., Deleu, M., Merce, M. S., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Gallagher, A.,& Maccia, C.. (2020). Review of skin dose calculation software in interventional cardiology. in Physica Medica, 80, 75-83.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.09.023

Malchair F, Dabin J, Deleu M, Merce MS, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Gallagher A, Maccia C. Review of skin dose calculation software in interventional cardiology. in Physica Medica. 2020;80:75-83.
doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.09.023 .

Malchair, Françoise, Dabin, Jérémie, Deleu, Marine, Merce, Marta Sans, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Gallagher, Aoife, Maccia, Carlo, "Review of skin dose calculation software in interventional cardiology" in Physica Medica, 80 (2020):75-83,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.09.023 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Dabin, Jeremie
AU  - Diklić, Ana
AU  - Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna
AU  - Farah, Jad
AU  - Fernandez, Jose Miguel
AU  - Gallagher, Aoife
AU  - Hourdakis, Constantine J.
AU  - Jurković, Slaven
AU  - Jarvinen, Hannu
AU  - Jarvinen, J.
AU  - Knežević, Željka
AU  - Koukorava, Christina
AU  - Maccia, Carlo
AU  - Majer, Marija
AU  - Malchair, Francoise
AU  - Riccardi, Lucia
AU  - Rizk, C.
AU  - Sanchez, Roberto Mariano
AU  - Sandborg, Michael
AU  - Merce, Marta Sans
AU  - Segota, D.
AU  - Sierpowska, Joanna
AU  - Simantirakis, George
AU  - Sukupova, Lucie
AU  - Thrapsanioti, Zoi
AU  - Vano, Eliseo
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7889
AB  - Interventional cardiac procedures may be associated with high patient doses and therefore require special attention to protect the patients from radiation injuries such as skin erythema, cardiovascular tissue reactions or radiation-induced cancer. In this study, patient exposure data is collected from 13 countries (37 clinics and nearly 50 interventional rooms) and for 10 different procedures. Dose data was collected from a total of 14,922 interventional cardiology procedures. Based on these data European diagnostic reference levels (DRL) for air kerma-area product are suggested for coronary angiography (CA, DRL = 35 Gy cm2), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, 85 Gy cm2), transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI, 130 Gy cm2), electrophysiological procedures (12 Gy cm2) and pacemaker implantations. Pacemaker implantations were further divided into single-chamber (2.5 Gy cm2) and dual chamber (3.5 Gy cm2) procedures and implantations of cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker (18 Gy cm2). Results show that relatively new techniques such as TAVI and treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO) often produce relatively high doses, and thus emphasises the need for use of an optimization tool such as DRL to assist in reducing patient exposure. The generic DRL presented here facilitate comparison of patient exposure in interventional cardiology. © 2018 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica
T2  - Physica Medica
T1  - Establishing the European diagnostic reference levels for interventional cardiology
VL  - 54
SP  - 42
EP  - 48
DO  - 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.09.012
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Siiskonen, Teemu and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Dabin, Jeremie and Diklić, Ana and Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna and Farah, Jad and Fernandez, Jose Miguel and Gallagher, Aoife and Hourdakis, Constantine J. and Jurković, Slaven and Jarvinen, Hannu and Jarvinen, J. and Knežević, Željka and Koukorava, Christina and Maccia, Carlo and Majer, Marija and Malchair, Francoise and Riccardi, Lucia and Rizk, C. and Sanchez, Roberto Mariano and Sandborg, Michael and Merce, Marta Sans and Segota, D. and Sierpowska, Joanna and Simantirakis, George and Sukupova, Lucie and Thrapsanioti, Zoi and Vano, Eliseo",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Interventional cardiac procedures may be associated with high patient doses and therefore require special attention to protect the patients from radiation injuries such as skin erythema, cardiovascular tissue reactions or radiation-induced cancer. In this study, patient exposure data is collected from 13 countries (37 clinics and nearly 50 interventional rooms) and for 10 different procedures. Dose data was collected from a total of 14,922 interventional cardiology procedures. Based on these data European diagnostic reference levels (DRL) for air kerma-area product are suggested for coronary angiography (CA, DRL = 35 Gy cm2), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, 85 Gy cm2), transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI, 130 Gy cm2), electrophysiological procedures (12 Gy cm2) and pacemaker implantations. Pacemaker implantations were further divided into single-chamber (2.5 Gy cm2) and dual chamber (3.5 Gy cm2) procedures and implantations of cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker (18 Gy cm2). Results show that relatively new techniques such as TAVI and treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO) often produce relatively high doses, and thus emphasises the need for use of an optimization tool such as DRL to assist in reducing patient exposure. The generic DRL presented here facilitate comparison of patient exposure in interventional cardiology. © 2018 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica",
journal = "Physica Medica",
title = "Establishing the European diagnostic reference levels for interventional cardiology",
volume = "54",
pages = "42-48",
doi = "10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.09.012"
}

Siiskonen, T., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Dabin, J., Diklić, A., Domienik-Andrzejewska, J., Farah, J., Fernandez, J. M., Gallagher, A., Hourdakis, C. J., Jurković, S., Jarvinen, H., Jarvinen, J., Knežević, Ž., Koukorava, C., Maccia, C., Majer, M., Malchair, F., Riccardi, L., Rizk, C., Sanchez, R. M., Sandborg, M., Merce, M. S., Segota, D., Sierpowska, J., Simantirakis, G., Sukupova, L., Thrapsanioti, Z.,& Vano, E.. (2018). Establishing the European diagnostic reference levels for interventional cardiology. in Physica Medica, 54, 42-48.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.09.012

Siiskonen T, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Dabin J, Diklić A, Domienik-Andrzejewska J, Farah J, Fernandez JM, Gallagher A, Hourdakis CJ, Jurković S, Jarvinen H, Jarvinen J, Knežević Ž, Koukorava C, Maccia C, Majer M, Malchair F, Riccardi L, Rizk C, Sanchez RM, Sandborg M, Merce MS, Segota D, Sierpowska J, Simantirakis G, Sukupova L, Thrapsanioti Z, Vano E. Establishing the European diagnostic reference levels for interventional cardiology. in Physica Medica. 2018;54:42-48.
doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.09.012 .

Siiskonen, Teemu, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Dabin, Jeremie, Diklić, Ana, Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna, Farah, Jad, Fernandez, Jose Miguel, Gallagher, Aoife, Hourdakis, Constantine J., Jurković, Slaven, Jarvinen, Hannu, Jarvinen, J., Knežević, Željka, Koukorava, Christina, Maccia, Carlo, Majer, Marija, Malchair, Francoise, Riccardi, Lucia, Rizk, C., Sanchez, Roberto Mariano, Sandborg, Michael, Merce, Marta Sans, Segota, D., Sierpowska, Joanna, Simantirakis, George, Sukupova, Lucie, Thrapsanioti, Zoi, Vano, Eliseo, "Establishing the European diagnostic reference levels for interventional cardiology" in Physica Medica, 54 (2018):42-48,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.09.012 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Ferrari, Paolo
AU  - Gingaume, Merce
AU  - Merce, Marta Sans
AU  - O'Connor, Una
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1299
AB  - Occupational exposure from interventional x-ray procedures is one of the areas in which increased eye lens exposure may occur. Accurate dosimetry is an important element to investigate the correlation of observed radiation effects with radiation dose, to verify the compliance with regulatory dose limits, and to optimize radiation protection practice. The objective of this work is to review eye lens dose levels in clinical practice that may occur from the use of ionizing radiation. The use of a dedicated eye lens dosimeter is the recommended methodology; however, in practice it cannot always be easily implemented. Alternatively, the eye lens dose could be assessed from measurements of other dosimetric quantities or other indirect parameters, such as patient dose. The practical implementation of monitoring eye lens doses and the use of adequate protective equipment still remains a challenge. The use of lead glasses with a good fit to the face, appropriate lateral coverage, and/or ceiling-suspended screens is recommended in workplaces with potential high eye lens doses.
T2  - Journal of the American College of Radiology
T1  - Occupational Exposure of the Eye Lens in Interventional Procedures: How to Assess and Manage Radiation Dose
VL  - 13
IS  - 11
SP  - 1347
EP  - 1353
DO  - 10.1016/j.jacr.2016.06.015
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Carinou, Eleftheria and Ferrari, Paolo and Gingaume, Merce and Merce, Marta Sans and O'Connor, Una",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Occupational exposure from interventional x-ray procedures is one of the areas in which increased eye lens exposure may occur. Accurate dosimetry is an important element to investigate the correlation of observed radiation effects with radiation dose, to verify the compliance with regulatory dose limits, and to optimize radiation protection practice. The objective of this work is to review eye lens dose levels in clinical practice that may occur from the use of ionizing radiation. The use of a dedicated eye lens dosimeter is the recommended methodology; however, in practice it cannot always be easily implemented. Alternatively, the eye lens dose could be assessed from measurements of other dosimetric quantities or other indirect parameters, such as patient dose. The practical implementation of monitoring eye lens doses and the use of adequate protective equipment still remains a challenge. The use of lead glasses with a good fit to the face, appropriate lateral coverage, and/or ceiling-suspended screens is recommended in workplaces with potential high eye lens doses.",
journal = "Journal of the American College of Radiology",
title = "Occupational Exposure of the Eye Lens in Interventional Procedures: How to Assess and Manage Radiation Dose",
volume = "13",
number = "11",
pages = "1347-1353",
doi = "10.1016/j.jacr.2016.06.015"
}

Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Carinou, E., Ferrari, P., Gingaume, M., Merce, M. S.,& O'Connor, U.. (2016). Occupational Exposure of the Eye Lens in Interventional Procedures: How to Assess and Manage Radiation Dose. in Journal of the American College of Radiology, 13(11), 1347-1353.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2016.06.015

Ciraj-Bjelac O, Carinou E, Ferrari P, Gingaume M, Merce MS, O'Connor U. Occupational Exposure of the Eye Lens in Interventional Procedures: How to Assess and Manage Radiation Dose. in Journal of the American College of Radiology. 2016;13(11):1347-1353.
doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2016.06.015 .

Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Carinou, Eleftheria, Ferrari, Paolo, Gingaume, Merce, Merce, Marta Sans, O'Connor, Una, "Occupational Exposure of the Eye Lens in Interventional Procedures: How to Assess and Manage Radiation Dose" in Journal of the American College of Radiology, 13, no. 11 (2016):1347-1353,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2016.06.015 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Ferrari, Paolo
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Gingaume, Merce
AU  - Merce, Marta Sans
AU  - O'Connor, Una
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/732
AB  - A thorough literature review about the current situation on the implementation of eye lens monitoring has been performed in order to provide recommendations regarding dosemeter types, calibration procedures and practical aspects of eye lens monitoring for interventional radiology personnel. Most relevant data and recommendations from about 100 papers have been analysed and classified in the following topics: challenges of today in eye lens monitoring; conversion coefficients, phantoms and calibration procedures for eye lens dose evaluation; correction factors and dosemeters for eye lens dose measurements; dosemeter position and influence of protective devices. The major findings of the review can be summarised as follows: the recommended operational quantity for the eye lens monitoring is H-p(3). At present, several dosemeters are available for eye lens monitoring and calibration procedures are being developed. However, in practice, very often, alternative methods are used to assess the dose to the eye lens. A summary of correction factors found in the literature for the assessment of the eye lens dose is provided. These factors can give an estimation of the eye lens dose when alternative methods, such as the use of a whole body dosemeter, are used. A wide range of values is found, thus indicating the large uncertainty associated with these simplified methods. Reduction factors from most common protective devices obtained experimentally and using Monte Carlo calculations are presented. The paper concludes that the use of a dosemeter placed at collar level outside the lead apron can provide a useful first estimate of the eye lens exposure. However, for workplaces with estimated annual equivalent dose to the eye lens close to the dose limit, specific eye lens monitoring should be performed. Finally, training of the involved medical staff on the risks of ionising radiation for the eye lens and on the correct use of protective systems is strongly recommended.
T2  - Journal of Radiological Protection
T1  - Eye lens monitoring for interventional radiology personnel: dosemeters, calibration and practical aspects of H-p(3) monitoring. A 2015 review
VL  - 35
IS  - 3
SP  - R17
EP  - R34
DO  - 10.1088/0952-4746/35/3/R17
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Carinou, Eleftheria and Ferrari, Paolo and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Gingaume, Merce and Merce, Marta Sans and O'Connor, Una",
year = "2015",
abstract = "A thorough literature review about the current situation on the implementation of eye lens monitoring has been performed in order to provide recommendations regarding dosemeter types, calibration procedures and practical aspects of eye lens monitoring for interventional radiology personnel. Most relevant data and recommendations from about 100 papers have been analysed and classified in the following topics: challenges of today in eye lens monitoring; conversion coefficients, phantoms and calibration procedures for eye lens dose evaluation; correction factors and dosemeters for eye lens dose measurements; dosemeter position and influence of protective devices. The major findings of the review can be summarised as follows: the recommended operational quantity for the eye lens monitoring is H-p(3). At present, several dosemeters are available for eye lens monitoring and calibration procedures are being developed. However, in practice, very often, alternative methods are used to assess the dose to the eye lens. A summary of correction factors found in the literature for the assessment of the eye lens dose is provided. These factors can give an estimation of the eye lens dose when alternative methods, such as the use of a whole body dosemeter, are used. A wide range of values is found, thus indicating the large uncertainty associated with these simplified methods. Reduction factors from most common protective devices obtained experimentally and using Monte Carlo calculations are presented. The paper concludes that the use of a dosemeter placed at collar level outside the lead apron can provide a useful first estimate of the eye lens exposure. However, for workplaces with estimated annual equivalent dose to the eye lens close to the dose limit, specific eye lens monitoring should be performed. Finally, training of the involved medical staff on the risks of ionising radiation for the eye lens and on the correct use of protective systems is strongly recommended.",
journal = "Journal of Radiological Protection",
title = "Eye lens monitoring for interventional radiology personnel: dosemeters, calibration and practical aspects of H-p(3) monitoring. A 2015 review",
volume = "35",
number = "3",
pages = "R17-R34",
doi = "10.1088/0952-4746/35/3/R17"
}

Carinou, E., Ferrari, P., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Gingaume, M., Merce, M. S.,& O'Connor, U.. (2015). Eye lens monitoring for interventional radiology personnel: dosemeters, calibration and practical aspects of H-p(3) monitoring. A 2015 review. in Journal of Radiological Protection, 35(3), R17-R34.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/35/3/R17

Carinou E, Ferrari P, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Gingaume M, Merce MS, O'Connor U. Eye lens monitoring for interventional radiology personnel: dosemeters, calibration and practical aspects of H-p(3) monitoring. A 2015 review. in Journal of Radiological Protection. 2015;35(3):R17-R34.
doi:10.1088/0952-4746/35/3/R17 .

Carinou, Eleftheria, Ferrari, Paolo, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Gingaume, Merce, Merce, Marta Sans, O'Connor, Una, "Eye lens monitoring for interventional radiology personnel: dosemeters, calibration and practical aspects of H-p(3) monitoring. A 2015 review" in Journal of Radiological Protection, 35, no. 3 (2015):R17-R34,
https://doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/35/3/R17 . .