TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kovačević, Nikola
AU  - Dapčević, Aleksandra
AU  - Ivković, Branka
AU  - Kachrimanis, Kyriakos
AU  - Mitrić, Miodrag
AU  - Ibrić, Svetlana
AU  - Medarević, Đorđe
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9932
AB  - In this study, four low molecular weight (LMW) excipients, tryptophan (TRY), phenylalanine (PHE), lysine (LYS) and saccharin (SAC) were evaluated as co-formers to generate co-amorphous systems (CAMS) by ball milling with carvedilol (CRV). Mixtures of CRV and LMW excipient in 1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:2 drug:excipient molar ratios were ball milled and analysed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform (FT-IR) infrared spectroscopy and dissolution testing. CAMS were formed by milling of a mixture of CRV with TRY in 1:2 M ratio and SAC in 1:1 M ratio, while amorphization of only CRV was achieved in other mixtures with SAC. In other samples containing TRY and PHE, milling resulted in partial amorphization, while LYS was the least suitable excipient for the amorphization of CRV. Unexpectedly, the highest supersaturation of CRV was achieved from samples containing CRV and LYS in 1:1 and 1:2 M ratios, despite the absence of a significant reduction in CRV crystallinity upon milling of these samples. Increase of hydrophobic surface area caused by milling of samples with TRY and PHE and agglomeration during dissolution testing of samples containing SAC are likely causes of poor dissolution performance of mixtures containing fully or partially amorphous CRV.
T2  - International Journal of Pharmaceutics
T1  - Potential application of low molecular weight excipients for amorphization and dissolution enhancement of carvedilol
VL  - 608
SP  - 121033
DO  - 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121033
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kovačević, Nikola and Dapčević, Aleksandra and Ivković, Branka and Kachrimanis, Kyriakos and Mitrić, Miodrag and Ibrić, Svetlana and Medarević, Đorđe",
year = "2021",
abstract = "In this study, four low molecular weight (LMW) excipients, tryptophan (TRY), phenylalanine (PHE), lysine (LYS) and saccharin (SAC) were evaluated as co-formers to generate co-amorphous systems (CAMS) by ball milling with carvedilol (CRV). Mixtures of CRV and LMW excipient in 1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:2 drug:excipient molar ratios were ball milled and analysed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform (FT-IR) infrared spectroscopy and dissolution testing. CAMS were formed by milling of a mixture of CRV with TRY in 1:2 M ratio and SAC in 1:1 M ratio, while amorphization of only CRV was achieved in other mixtures with SAC. In other samples containing TRY and PHE, milling resulted in partial amorphization, while LYS was the least suitable excipient for the amorphization of CRV. Unexpectedly, the highest supersaturation of CRV was achieved from samples containing CRV and LYS in 1:1 and 1:2 M ratios, despite the absence of a significant reduction in CRV crystallinity upon milling of these samples. Increase of hydrophobic surface area caused by milling of samples with TRY and PHE and agglomeration during dissolution testing of samples containing SAC are likely causes of poor dissolution performance of mixtures containing fully or partially amorphous CRV.",
journal = "International Journal of Pharmaceutics",
title = "Potential application of low molecular weight excipients for amorphization and dissolution enhancement of carvedilol",
volume = "608",
pages = "121033",
doi = "10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121033"
}

Kovačević, N., Dapčević, A., Ivković, B., Kachrimanis, K., Mitrić, M., Ibrić, S.,& Medarević, Đ.. (2021). Potential application of low molecular weight excipients for amorphization and dissolution enhancement of carvedilol. in International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 608, 121033.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121033

Kovačević N, Dapčević A, Ivković B, Kachrimanis K, Mitrić M, Ibrić S, Medarević Đ. Potential application of low molecular weight excipients for amorphization and dissolution enhancement of carvedilol. in International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2021;608:121033.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121033 .

Kovačević, Nikola, Dapčević, Aleksandra, Ivković, Branka, Kachrimanis, Kyriakos, Mitrić, Miodrag, Ibrić, Svetlana, Medarević, Đorđe, "Potential application of low molecular weight excipients for amorphization and dissolution enhancement of carvedilol" in International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 608 (2021):121033,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121033 . .