TY  - JOUR
AU  - Muhogora, Wilbroad E.
AU  - Ahmed, Nada A.
AU  - Almosabihi, Aziz
AU  - Alsuwaidi, Jamila S.
AU  - Beganovic, Adnan
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Kabuya, Francois K.
AU  - Krisanachinda, Anchali
AU  - Milakovic, Milomir
AU  - Mukwada, Godfrey
AU  - Ramanandraibe, Marie J.
AU  - Rehani, Madan M.
AU  - Rouzitalab, Jalil
AU  - Shandorf, Cyril
PY  - 2008
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3448
AB  - OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to survey image quality and the entrance surface air kerma for patients in radiographic examinations and to perform comparisons with diagnostic reference levels. SUBJECTS and METHODS. In this multinational prospective study, image quality and patient radiation doses were surveyed in 12 countries in Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe, covering 45 hospitals. The rate of unsatisfactory images and image quality grade were noted, and causes for poor image quality were investigated. The entrance surface doses for adult patients were determined in terms of the entrance surface air kerma on the basis of X-ray tube output measurements and X-ray exposure parameters. Comparison of dose levels with diagnostic reference levels was performed. RESULTS. The fraction of images rated as poor was as high as 53%. The image quality improved up to 16 percentage points in Africa, 13 in Asia, and 22 in Eastern Europe after implementation of a quality control ( QC) program. Patient doses varied by a factor of up to 88, although the majority of doses were below diagnostic reference levels. The mean entrance surface air kerma values in mGy were 0.33 ( chest, posteroanterior), 4.07 ( lumbar spine, anteroposterior), 8.53 ( lumbar spine, lateral), 3.64 ( abdomen, anteroposterior), 3.68 ( pelvis, anteroposterior), and 2.41 ( skull, anteroposterior). Patient doses were found to be similar to doses in developed countries and patient dose reductions ranging from 1.4% to 85% were achieved. CONCLUSION. Poor image quality constitutes a major source of unnecessary radiation to patients in developing countries. Comparison with other surveys indicates that patient dose levels in these countries are not higher than those in developed countries.
T2  - American Journal of Roentgenology
T1  - Patient doses in radiographic examinations in 12 countries in Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe: Initial results from IAEA projects
VL  - 190
IS  - 6
SP  - 1453
EP  - 1461
DO  - 10.2214/AJR.07.3039
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Muhogora, Wilbroad E. and Ahmed, Nada A. and Almosabihi, Aziz and Alsuwaidi, Jamila S. and Beganovic, Adnan and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Kabuya, Francois K. and Krisanachinda, Anchali and Milakovic, Milomir and Mukwada, Godfrey and Ramanandraibe, Marie J. and Rehani, Madan M. and Rouzitalab, Jalil and Shandorf, Cyril",
year = "2008",
abstract = "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to survey image quality and the entrance surface air kerma for patients in radiographic examinations and to perform comparisons with diagnostic reference levels. SUBJECTS and METHODS. In this multinational prospective study, image quality and patient radiation doses were surveyed in 12 countries in Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe, covering 45 hospitals. The rate of unsatisfactory images and image quality grade were noted, and causes for poor image quality were investigated. The entrance surface doses for adult patients were determined in terms of the entrance surface air kerma on the basis of X-ray tube output measurements and X-ray exposure parameters. Comparison of dose levels with diagnostic reference levels was performed. RESULTS. The fraction of images rated as poor was as high as 53%. The image quality improved up to 16 percentage points in Africa, 13 in Asia, and 22 in Eastern Europe after implementation of a quality control ( QC) program. Patient doses varied by a factor of up to 88, although the majority of doses were below diagnostic reference levels. The mean entrance surface air kerma values in mGy were 0.33 ( chest, posteroanterior), 4.07 ( lumbar spine, anteroposterior), 8.53 ( lumbar spine, lateral), 3.64 ( abdomen, anteroposterior), 3.68 ( pelvis, anteroposterior), and 2.41 ( skull, anteroposterior). Patient doses were found to be similar to doses in developed countries and patient dose reductions ranging from 1.4% to 85% were achieved. CONCLUSION. Poor image quality constitutes a major source of unnecessary radiation to patients in developing countries. Comparison with other surveys indicates that patient dose levels in these countries are not higher than those in developed countries.",
journal = "American Journal of Roentgenology",
title = "Patient doses in radiographic examinations in 12 countries in Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe: Initial results from IAEA projects",
volume = "190",
number = "6",
pages = "1453-1461",
doi = "10.2214/AJR.07.3039"
}

Muhogora, W. E., Ahmed, N. A., Almosabihi, A., Alsuwaidi, J. S., Beganovic, A., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Kabuya, F. K., Krisanachinda, A., Milakovic, M., Mukwada, G., Ramanandraibe, M. J., Rehani, M. M., Rouzitalab, J.,& Shandorf, C.. (2008). Patient doses in radiographic examinations in 12 countries in Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe: Initial results from IAEA projects. in American Journal of Roentgenology, 190(6), 1453-1461.
https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.07.3039

Muhogora WE, Ahmed NA, Almosabihi A, Alsuwaidi JS, Beganovic A, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Kabuya FK, Krisanachinda A, Milakovic M, Mukwada G, Ramanandraibe MJ, Rehani MM, Rouzitalab J, Shandorf C. Patient doses in radiographic examinations in 12 countries in Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe: Initial results from IAEA projects. in American Journal of Roentgenology. 2008;190(6):1453-1461.
doi:10.2214/AJR.07.3039 .

Muhogora, Wilbroad E., Ahmed, Nada A., Almosabihi, Aziz, Alsuwaidi, Jamila S., Beganovic, Adnan, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Kabuya, Francois K., Krisanachinda, Anchali, Milakovic, Milomir, Mukwada, Godfrey, Ramanandraibe, Marie J., Rehani, Madan M., Rouzitalab, Jalil, Shandorf, Cyril, "Patient doses in radiographic examinations in 12 countries in Asia, Africa, and Eastern Europe: Initial results from IAEA projects" in American Journal of Roentgenology, 190, no. 6 (2008):1453-1461,
https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.07.3039 . .