TY  - CONF
AU  - Raičević, Nevena
AU  - Ivanović, Marija D.
AU  - Beličev, Petar
AU  - Petrović, Jovana S.
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7099
AB  - Here, we present a method of respiratory volumes monitoring using a single fiber-grating sensor of bending. Measurements are conducted using simple monochromatic interrogation scheme that relies on a photodiode measurement of the power transmitted through a long period grating (LPG) sensor at fixed wavelength. Good sensor accuracy in measurements of tidal and minute respiratory volumes for different types of breathing is achieved.
C3  - Journal of Physics: Conference Series
T1  - Monitoring of respiratory volumes by an long period grating sensor of bending
VL  - 682
DO  - 10.1088/1742-6596/682/1/012008
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Raičević, Nevena and Ivanović, Marija D. and Beličev, Petar and Petrović, Jovana S.",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Here, we present a method of respiratory volumes monitoring using a single fiber-grating sensor of bending. Measurements are conducted using simple monochromatic interrogation scheme that relies on a photodiode measurement of the power transmitted through a long period grating (LPG) sensor at fixed wavelength. Good sensor accuracy in measurements of tidal and minute respiratory volumes for different types of breathing is achieved.",
journal = "Journal of Physics: Conference Series",
title = "Monitoring of respiratory volumes by an long period grating sensor of bending",
volume = "682",
doi = "10.1088/1742-6596/682/1/012008"
}

Raičević, N., Ivanović, M. D., Beličev, P.,& Petrović, J. S.. (2016). Monitoring of respiratory volumes by an long period grating sensor of bending. in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 682.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/682/1/012008

Raičević N, Ivanović MD, Beličev P, Petrović JS. Monitoring of respiratory volumes by an long period grating sensor of bending. in Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2016;682.
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/682/1/012008 .

Raičević, Nevena, Ivanović, Marija D., Beličev, Petar, Petrović, Jovana S., "Monitoring of respiratory volumes by an long period grating sensor of bending" in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 682 (2016),
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/682/1/012008 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Raičević, Nevena
AU  - Ivanović, Marija D.
AU  - Beličev, Petra
AU  - Maluckov, Aleksandra
AU  - Petrović, Jovana
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/12012
AB  - In this paper, we use a powerful mathematical concept based on Fisher information (FI) to estimate the cross-sensitivity of multi-parameter sensors. FI has been used in various branches of natural and social sciences [1], in both classical and quantum systems [2]. Lately, it has been used for estimation of interferometer sensitivity in quantum optics [3], as well as in classical optical interferometers [4]. Here, we expand its application to fibre grating sensors that are sensitive to several environmental (temperature, humidity) and mechanical (strain, pressure, curvature) parameters simultaneously [5]. FI is a local probability measure of obtaining an unknown parameter θ from the data measured at the sensor output, X. In the theory of measurement, FI directly enters the relation which determines the lower bound of the measurement uncertainty known as Cramer-Rao bound (CRB = 1/ FI (θ ) ). The sensor sensitivity is optimized by maximization of the corresponding FI. In the case of a multi-parameter sensor, FI assumes a matrix form defined via the probability distribution function f(X| θ) of the measured variable X conditioned by θ, where both X and θ are vector quantities. ( ) ( ) i n j n f X FI E i j i j ; 1,2,... ; 1,2,..., 2 ln , = =       ∂ ∂ ∂ = − θ θ θ θ . Here, we develop a comprehensive model of the spectral response of fibre gratings to changes in multiple parameters and apply Fisher's formalism to optimize their sensitivity in the realistic parameter space. We start from a 1-parameter model of a long-period grating sensor of curvature and corroborate our approach by comparison with the conventional sensitivity models and the experimental data. We then expand the model to describe a 2-parameter long-period grating sensor of curvature and temperature. Based on this analysis, we recommend the multi-parameter interrogation scheme (estimator) and optimize grating parameters to render the highest sensitivity.
PB  - Belgrade : Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences
C3  - PHOTONICA2015 : 5th International School and Conference on Photonics and COST actions: MP1204, BM1205 and MP1205 : book of abstracts; August 24-28, 2015; Belgrade
T1  - Estimation of the Sensitivity of a Multi-Parameter Fiber Grating Sensor
SP  - 173
EP  - 173
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12012
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Raičević, Nevena and Ivanović, Marija D. and Beličev, Petra and Maluckov, Aleksandra and Petrović, Jovana",
year = "2015",
abstract = "In this paper, we use a powerful mathematical concept based on Fisher information (FI) to estimate the cross-sensitivity of multi-parameter sensors. FI has been used in various branches of natural and social sciences [1], in both classical and quantum systems [2]. Lately, it has been used for estimation of interferometer sensitivity in quantum optics [3], as well as in classical optical interferometers [4]. Here, we expand its application to fibre grating sensors that are sensitive to several environmental (temperature, humidity) and mechanical (strain, pressure, curvature) parameters simultaneously [5]. FI is a local probability measure of obtaining an unknown parameter θ from the data measured at the sensor output, X. In the theory of measurement, FI directly enters the relation which determines the lower bound of the measurement uncertainty known as Cramer-Rao bound (CRB = 1/ FI (θ ) ). The sensor sensitivity is optimized by maximization of the corresponding FI. In the case of a multi-parameter sensor, FI assumes a matrix form defined via the probability distribution function f(X| θ) of the measured variable X conditioned by θ, where both X and θ are vector quantities. ( ) ( ) i n j n f X FI E i j i j ; 1,2,... ; 1,2,..., 2 ln , = =       ∂ ∂ ∂ = − θ θ θ θ . Here, we develop a comprehensive model of the spectral response of fibre gratings to changes in multiple parameters and apply Fisher's formalism to optimize their sensitivity in the realistic parameter space. We start from a 1-parameter model of a long-period grating sensor of curvature and corroborate our approach by comparison with the conventional sensitivity models and the experimental data. We then expand the model to describe a 2-parameter long-period grating sensor of curvature and temperature. Based on this analysis, we recommend the multi-parameter interrogation scheme (estimator) and optimize grating parameters to render the highest sensitivity.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences",
journal = "PHOTONICA2015 : 5th International School and Conference on Photonics and COST actions: MP1204, BM1205 and MP1205 : book of abstracts; August 24-28, 2015; Belgrade",
title = "Estimation of the Sensitivity of a Multi-Parameter Fiber Grating Sensor",
pages = "173-173",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12012"
}

Raičević, N., Ivanović, M. D., Beličev, P., Maluckov, A.,& Petrović, J.. (2015). Estimation of the Sensitivity of a Multi-Parameter Fiber Grating Sensor. in PHOTONICA2015 : 5th International School and Conference on Photonics and COST actions: MP1204, BM1205 and MP1205 : book of abstracts; August 24-28, 2015; Belgrade
Belgrade : Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences., 173-173.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12012

Raičević N, Ivanović MD, Beličev P, Maluckov A, Petrović J. Estimation of the Sensitivity of a Multi-Parameter Fiber Grating Sensor. in PHOTONICA2015 : 5th International School and Conference on Photonics and COST actions: MP1204, BM1205 and MP1205 : book of abstracts; August 24-28, 2015; Belgrade. 2015;:173-173.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12012 .

Raičević, Nevena, Ivanović, Marija D., Beličev, Petra, Maluckov, Aleksandra, Petrović, Jovana, "Estimation of the Sensitivity of a Multi-Parameter Fiber Grating Sensor" in PHOTONICA2015 : 5th International School and Conference on Photonics and COST actions: MP1204, BM1205 and MP1205 : book of abstracts; August 24-28, 2015; Belgrade (2015):173-173,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12012 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raičević, Nevena
AU  - Maluckov, Aleksandra
AU  - Petrović, Jovana S.
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/517
AB  - Here we present a comprehensive theoretical study of a porous-film sensor of fluid in Mach-Zehnder configuration. It is found that the penetration of a fluid into the film pores causes amplitude and phase modulation of the interferometer output signal, maximizing the sensitivity at a certain value of the fluid refractive index. We define the Fisher information for this interferometer and show that it is a good measure of its sensitivity, hence suitable as an evaluation function in sensor optimization. We propose the sensor structure and design thin films that maximize its sensitivity to water, alcohol solutions and oils. The estimated sensitivity of the order of 10(-5) RIU to the fluid refractive index and of 5 pm to the changes in the film thickness indicate the potential of this sensor for applications in biomedicine, chemistry and environmental protection, and as a tool for the film characterization.
T2  - Journal of Optics
T1  - Theoretical analysis of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a porous-film waveguide
VL  - 17
IS  - 5
DO  - 10.1088/2040-8978/17/5/055802
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Raičević, Nevena and Maluckov, Aleksandra and Petrović, Jovana S.",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Here we present a comprehensive theoretical study of a porous-film sensor of fluid in Mach-Zehnder configuration. It is found that the penetration of a fluid into the film pores causes amplitude and phase modulation of the interferometer output signal, maximizing the sensitivity at a certain value of the fluid refractive index. We define the Fisher information for this interferometer and show that it is a good measure of its sensitivity, hence suitable as an evaluation function in sensor optimization. We propose the sensor structure and design thin films that maximize its sensitivity to water, alcohol solutions and oils. The estimated sensitivity of the order of 10(-5) RIU to the fluid refractive index and of 5 pm to the changes in the film thickness indicate the potential of this sensor for applications in biomedicine, chemistry and environmental protection, and as a tool for the film characterization.",
journal = "Journal of Optics",
title = "Theoretical analysis of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a porous-film waveguide",
volume = "17",
number = "5",
doi = "10.1088/2040-8978/17/5/055802"
}

Raičević, N., Maluckov, A.,& Petrović, J. S.. (2015). Theoretical analysis of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a porous-film waveguide. in Journal of Optics, 17(5).
https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/17/5/055802

Raičević N, Maluckov A, Petrović JS. Theoretical analysis of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a porous-film waveguide. in Journal of Optics. 2015;17(5).
doi:10.1088/2040-8978/17/5/055802 .

Raičević, Nevena, Maluckov, Aleksandra, Petrović, Jovana S., "Theoretical analysis of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a porous-film waveguide" in Journal of Optics, 17, no. 5 (2015),
https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/17/5/055802 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raičević, Nevena
AU  - Maluckov, Aleksandra
AU  - Petrović, Jovana S.
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7064
AB  - In this paper, we present the analysis and numerical model of absorptive gas detection by an optical evanescent-wave sensor. We investigate the influence of sensor geometry and thin-film porosity on the attenuation of guided modes caused by their interaction with the gas. We show that film porosity is a critical parameter that should be carefully optimized for a chosen mode. These findings served as a basis for the design of an experimentally realizable sensor of carbon dioxide.
T2  - Physica Scripta
T1  - Evanescent-wave optical gas sensor with a porous thin-film coating
VL  - T162
DO  - 10.1088/0031-8949/2014/T162/014037
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Raičević, Nevena and Maluckov, Aleksandra and Petrović, Jovana S.",
year = "2014",
abstract = "In this paper, we present the analysis and numerical model of absorptive gas detection by an optical evanescent-wave sensor. We investigate the influence of sensor geometry and thin-film porosity on the attenuation of guided modes caused by their interaction with the gas. We show that film porosity is a critical parameter that should be carefully optimized for a chosen mode. These findings served as a basis for the design of an experimentally realizable sensor of carbon dioxide.",
journal = "Physica Scripta",
title = "Evanescent-wave optical gas sensor with a porous thin-film coating",
volume = "T162",
doi = "10.1088/0031-8949/2014/T162/014037"
}

Raičević, N., Maluckov, A.,& Petrović, J. S.. (2014). Evanescent-wave optical gas sensor with a porous thin-film coating. in Physica Scripta, T162.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2014/T162/014037

Raičević N, Maluckov A, Petrović JS. Evanescent-wave optical gas sensor with a porous thin-film coating. in Physica Scripta. 2014;T162.
doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2014/T162/014037 .

Raičević, Nevena, Maluckov, Aleksandra, Petrović, Jovana S., "Evanescent-wave optical gas sensor with a porous thin-film coating" in Physica Scripta, T162 (2014),
https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2014/T162/014037 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woellert, A.
AU  - Gligorić, Goran
AU  - Škorić, Miloš M.
AU  - Maluckov, Aleksandra
AU  - Raičević, Nevena
AU  - Daničić, Aleksandar
AU  - Hadžievski, Ljupčo
PY  - 2009
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6842
AB  - We study the stability of the continuous waves in the pancake shaped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in the strong optical lattice potential with the coexisting local (the short-range s-wave) interaction and nonlocal (the dipole-dipole) interactions between the condensate atoms. The system is modeled by two two-dimensional discrete models derived from the Gross-Pitaevskii equation accounting the dipole-dipole interactions: discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation with cubic nonlinearity and nonpolynomial Schrodinger equation. The corresponding dispersion relations are calculated analytically and the regions of the modulation instability in the parametric space are summarized into the stability diagrams.
T2  - Acta Physica Polonica A
T1  - Modulation Instability of Two-Dimensional Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Deep Optical Lattice
VL  - 116
IS  - 4
SP  - 519
EP  - 521
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_6842
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Woellert, A. and Gligorić, Goran and Škorić, Miloš M. and Maluckov, Aleksandra and Raičević, Nevena and Daničić, Aleksandar and Hadžievski, Ljupčo",
year = "2009",
abstract = "We study the stability of the continuous waves in the pancake shaped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in the strong optical lattice potential with the coexisting local (the short-range s-wave) interaction and nonlocal (the dipole-dipole) interactions between the condensate atoms. The system is modeled by two two-dimensional discrete models derived from the Gross-Pitaevskii equation accounting the dipole-dipole interactions: discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation with cubic nonlinearity and nonpolynomial Schrodinger equation. The corresponding dispersion relations are calculated analytically and the regions of the modulation instability in the parametric space are summarized into the stability diagrams.",
journal = "Acta Physica Polonica A",
title = "Modulation Instability of Two-Dimensional Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Deep Optical Lattice",
volume = "116",
number = "4",
pages = "519-521",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_6842"
}

Woellert, A., Gligorić, G., Škorić, M. M., Maluckov, A., Raičević, N., Daničić, A.,& Hadžievski, L.. (2009). Modulation Instability of Two-Dimensional Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Deep Optical Lattice. in Acta Physica Polonica A, 116(4), 519-521.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_6842

Woellert A, Gligorić G, Škorić MM, Maluckov A, Raičević N, Daničić A, Hadžievski L. Modulation Instability of Two-Dimensional Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Deep Optical Lattice. in Acta Physica Polonica A. 2009;116(4):519-521.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_6842 .

Woellert, A., Gligorić, Goran, Škorić, Miloš M., Maluckov, Aleksandra, Raičević, Nevena, Daničić, Aleksandar, Hadžievski, Ljupčo, "Modulation Instability of Two-Dimensional Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Deep Optical Lattice" in Acta Physica Polonica A, 116, no. 4 (2009):519-521,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_6842 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Isaković, Aleksandra J.
AU  - Marković, Zoran M.
AU  - Nikolić, Nadežda S.
AU  - Todorović-Marković, Biljana
AU  - Vranješ-Đurić, Sanja
AU  - Harhaji, Ljubica M.
AU  - Raičević, Nevena
AU  - Romčević, Nebojša Ž.
AU  - Vasiljević-Radović, Dana
AU  - Dramićanin, Miroslav
AU  - Trajković, Vladimir S.
PY  - 2006
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3076
AB  - We investigated the effect of gamma-irradiation on the cytotoxicity of pure C-60 solubilized in water by using tetrahydrofuran (THF/n-C-60 or THF/n-C-60). In contrast to THF/n-C-60, its gamma-irradiated counterpart failed to generate oxygen radicals and cause extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent necrotic cell death in various types of mammalian cells. Moreover, gamma-irradiated THF/n-C-60 protected cells from the oxidative stress induced by native THF/n-C-60 or hydrogen peroxide. The observed biological effects were associated with of THF and subsequent derivatization of the n-C-60 surface. These results for the first time demonstrate gamma-irradiation-mediated changes in the physico-chemical properties of THF-prepared nanocrystalline C-60, resulting in a complete loss of its cytotoxic effect and its conversion to a cytoprotective agent. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
T2  - Biomaterials
T1  - Inactivation of nanocrystalline C-60 cytotoxicity by gamma-irradiation
VL  - 27
IS  - 29
SP  - 5049
EP  - 5058
DO  - 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.05.047
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Isaković, Aleksandra J. and Marković, Zoran M. and Nikolić, Nadežda S. and Todorović-Marković, Biljana and Vranješ-Đurić, Sanja and Harhaji, Ljubica M. and Raičević, Nevena and Romčević, Nebojša Ž. and Vasiljević-Radović, Dana and Dramićanin, Miroslav and Trajković, Vladimir S.",
year = "2006",
abstract = "We investigated the effect of gamma-irradiation on the cytotoxicity of pure C-60 solubilized in water by using tetrahydrofuran (THF/n-C-60 or THF/n-C-60). In contrast to THF/n-C-60, its gamma-irradiated counterpart failed to generate oxygen radicals and cause extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent necrotic cell death in various types of mammalian cells. Moreover, gamma-irradiated THF/n-C-60 protected cells from the oxidative stress induced by native THF/n-C-60 or hydrogen peroxide. The observed biological effects were associated with of THF and subsequent derivatization of the n-C-60 surface. These results for the first time demonstrate gamma-irradiation-mediated changes in the physico-chemical properties of THF-prepared nanocrystalline C-60, resulting in a complete loss of its cytotoxic effect and its conversion to a cytoprotective agent. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
journal = "Biomaterials",
title = "Inactivation of nanocrystalline C-60 cytotoxicity by gamma-irradiation",
volume = "27",
number = "29",
pages = "5049-5058",
doi = "10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.05.047"
}

Isaković, A. J., Marković, Z. M., Nikolić, N. S., Todorović-Marković, B., Vranješ-Đurić, S., Harhaji, L. M., Raičević, N., Romčević, N. Ž., Vasiljević-Radović, D., Dramićanin, M.,& Trajković, V. S.. (2006). Inactivation of nanocrystalline C-60 cytotoxicity by gamma-irradiation. in Biomaterials, 27(29), 5049-5058.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.05.047

Isaković AJ, Marković ZM, Nikolić NS, Todorović-Marković B, Vranješ-Đurić S, Harhaji LM, Raičević N, Romčević NŽ, Vasiljević-Radović D, Dramićanin M, Trajković VS. Inactivation of nanocrystalline C-60 cytotoxicity by gamma-irradiation. in Biomaterials. 2006;27(29):5049-5058.
doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.05.047 .

Isaković, Aleksandra J., Marković, Zoran M., Nikolić, Nadežda S., Todorović-Marković, Biljana, Vranješ-Đurić, Sanja, Harhaji, Ljubica M., Raičević, Nevena, Romčević, Nebojša Ž., Vasiljević-Radović, Dana, Dramićanin, Miroslav, Trajković, Vladimir S., "Inactivation of nanocrystalline C-60 cytotoxicity by gamma-irradiation" in Biomaterials, 27, no. 29 (2006):5049-5058,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.05.047 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Isaković, Aleksandra J.
AU  - Marković, Zoran M.
AU  - Todorović-Marković, Biljana
AU  - Nikolić, Nadežda S.
AU  - Vranješ-Đurić, Sanja
AU  - Mirković, Marija D.
AU  - Dramićanin, Miroslav
AU  - Harhaji, Ljubica M.
AU  - Raičević, Nevena
AU  - Nikolić, Zoran M.
AU  - Trajković, Vladimir S.
PY  - 2006
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3002
AB  - The mechanisms underlying the cytotoxic action of pure fullerene suspension (nano-C-60) and water-soluble polyhydroxylated fullerene [C-60(OH)(n)] were investigated. Crystal violet assay for cell viability demonstrated that nano-C-60 was at least three orders of magnitude more toxic than C-60(OH)(n) to mouse L929 fibrosarcoma, rat C6 glioma, and U251 human glioma cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis of cells stained with propidium iodide (PI), PI/annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate, or the redox-sensitive dye dihydrorhodamine revealed that nano-C-60 caused rapid (observable after few hours), reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated necrosis characterized by cell membrane damage without DNA fragmentation. In contrast, C-60(OH)(n) caused delayed, ROS-independent cell death with characteristics of apoptosis, including DNA fragmentation and loss of cell membrane asymmetry in the absence of increased permeability. Accordingly, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine protected the cell lines from nano-C-60 toxicity, but not C-60(OH)(n) toxicity, while the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk blocked C-60(OH)(n)-induced apoptosis, but not nano-C-60-mediated necrosis. Finally, C-60(OH)(n) antagonized, while nano-C-60 synergized with, the cytotoxic action of oxidative stress-inducing agents hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine. Therefore, unlike polyhydroxylated C-60 that exerts mainly antioxidant/cytoprotective and only mild ROS-independent pro-apoptotic activity, pure crystalline C-60 seems to be endowed with strong pro-oxidant capacity responsible for the rapid necrotic cell death.
T2  - Toxicological Sciences
T1  - Distinct cytotoxic mechanisms of pristine versus hydroxylated fullerene
VL  - 91
IS  - 1
SP  - 173
EP  - 183
DO  - 10.1093/toxsci/kfj127
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Isaković, Aleksandra J. and Marković, Zoran M. and Todorović-Marković, Biljana and Nikolić, Nadežda S. and Vranješ-Đurić, Sanja and Mirković, Marija D. and Dramićanin, Miroslav and Harhaji, Ljubica M. and Raičević, Nevena and Nikolić, Zoran M. and Trajković, Vladimir S.",
year = "2006",
abstract = "The mechanisms underlying the cytotoxic action of pure fullerene suspension (nano-C-60) and water-soluble polyhydroxylated fullerene [C-60(OH)(n)] were investigated. Crystal violet assay for cell viability demonstrated that nano-C-60 was at least three orders of magnitude more toxic than C-60(OH)(n) to mouse L929 fibrosarcoma, rat C6 glioma, and U251 human glioma cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis of cells stained with propidium iodide (PI), PI/annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate, or the redox-sensitive dye dihydrorhodamine revealed that nano-C-60 caused rapid (observable after few hours), reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated necrosis characterized by cell membrane damage without DNA fragmentation. In contrast, C-60(OH)(n) caused delayed, ROS-independent cell death with characteristics of apoptosis, including DNA fragmentation and loss of cell membrane asymmetry in the absence of increased permeability. Accordingly, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine protected the cell lines from nano-C-60 toxicity, but not C-60(OH)(n) toxicity, while the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk blocked C-60(OH)(n)-induced apoptosis, but not nano-C-60-mediated necrosis. Finally, C-60(OH)(n) antagonized, while nano-C-60 synergized with, the cytotoxic action of oxidative stress-inducing agents hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine. Therefore, unlike polyhydroxylated C-60 that exerts mainly antioxidant/cytoprotective and only mild ROS-independent pro-apoptotic activity, pure crystalline C-60 seems to be endowed with strong pro-oxidant capacity responsible for the rapid necrotic cell death.",
journal = "Toxicological Sciences",
title = "Distinct cytotoxic mechanisms of pristine versus hydroxylated fullerene",
volume = "91",
number = "1",
pages = "173-183",
doi = "10.1093/toxsci/kfj127"
}

Isaković, A. J., Marković, Z. M., Todorović-Marković, B., Nikolić, N. S., Vranješ-Đurić, S., Mirković, M. D., Dramićanin, M., Harhaji, L. M., Raičević, N., Nikolić, Z. M.,& Trajković, V. S.. (2006). Distinct cytotoxic mechanisms of pristine versus hydroxylated fullerene. in Toxicological Sciences, 91(1), 173-183.
https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfj127

Isaković AJ, Marković ZM, Todorović-Marković B, Nikolić NS, Vranješ-Đurić S, Mirković MD, Dramićanin M, Harhaji LM, Raičević N, Nikolić ZM, Trajković VS. Distinct cytotoxic mechanisms of pristine versus hydroxylated fullerene. in Toxicological Sciences. 2006;91(1):173-183.
doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfj127 .

Isaković, Aleksandra J., Marković, Zoran M., Todorović-Marković, Biljana, Nikolić, Nadežda S., Vranješ-Đurić, Sanja, Mirković, Marija D., Dramićanin, Miroslav, Harhaji, Ljubica M., Raičević, Nevena, Nikolić, Zoran M., Trajković, Vladimir S., "Distinct cytotoxic mechanisms of pristine versus hydroxylated fullerene" in Toxicological Sciences, 91, no. 1 (2006):173-183,
https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfj127 . .