TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gulan, Ljiljana
AU  - Stajić, Jelena M.
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmela
AU  - Milić, Gordana A.
AU  - Nikezić, Dragoslav
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1698
AB  - This paper presents indoor radon concentrations and specific activities of natural radionuclides measured in soils of Kosovo and Metohija. The measurements of radon concentration were performed during two consecutive 6-month periods in two rooms of 63 houses using CR-39 detectors. The annual radon concentration ranged from 30 to 810 Bq m(-3) with the average value of 128 Bq m(-3). Almost 15% of the houses had radon concentration higher than 200 Bq m(-3). The difference between radon concentrations measured in the two 6-month periods was analyzed, showing, as expected, a slightly higher radon concentration in the winter period than in the summer period. The variation between different rooms of the same houses was also analyzed, showing that 20% of the dwellings had a significantly higher radon concentration ( GT 100 Bq m(-3)) in one room compared to the other (the coefficient of variation ranged up to 96%). The specific activities of natural radionuclides in the nearby soil were determined by gamma spectrometry. The estimated average value (and standard deviation) of Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 specific activities were 32 (13), 35 (16), and 582 (159) Bq kg(-1), respectively. The correlation between indoor Rn-222 and Ra-226 content in soil was investigated. Only a weak correlation was found (Spearmans rho = 0.220) indicating that other factors might affect diffusion and accumulation of radon indoors, as confirmed also by the high variability between the rooms of the same houses.
T2  - Environmental Science and Pollution Research
T1  - Is high indoor radon concentration correlated with specific activity of radium in nearby soil? A study in Kosovo and Metohija
VL  - 24
IS  - 24
SP  - 19561
EP  - 19568
DO  - 10.1007/s11356-017-9538-8
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gulan, Ljiljana and Stajić, Jelena M. and Bochicchio, Francesco and Carpentieri, Carmela and Milić, Gordana A. and Nikezić, Dragoslav and Žunić, Zora S.",
year = "2017",
abstract = "This paper presents indoor radon concentrations and specific activities of natural radionuclides measured in soils of Kosovo and Metohija. The measurements of radon concentration were performed during two consecutive 6-month periods in two rooms of 63 houses using CR-39 detectors. The annual radon concentration ranged from 30 to 810 Bq m(-3) with the average value of 128 Bq m(-3). Almost 15% of the houses had radon concentration higher than 200 Bq m(-3). The difference between radon concentrations measured in the two 6-month periods was analyzed, showing, as expected, a slightly higher radon concentration in the winter period than in the summer period. The variation between different rooms of the same houses was also analyzed, showing that 20% of the dwellings had a significantly higher radon concentration ( GT 100 Bq m(-3)) in one room compared to the other (the coefficient of variation ranged up to 96%). The specific activities of natural radionuclides in the nearby soil were determined by gamma spectrometry. The estimated average value (and standard deviation) of Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 specific activities were 32 (13), 35 (16), and 582 (159) Bq kg(-1), respectively. The correlation between indoor Rn-222 and Ra-226 content in soil was investigated. Only a weak correlation was found (Spearmans rho = 0.220) indicating that other factors might affect diffusion and accumulation of radon indoors, as confirmed also by the high variability between the rooms of the same houses.",
journal = "Environmental Science and Pollution Research",
title = "Is high indoor radon concentration correlated with specific activity of radium in nearby soil? A study in Kosovo and Metohija",
volume = "24",
number = "24",
pages = "19561-19568",
doi = "10.1007/s11356-017-9538-8"
}

Gulan, L., Stajić, J. M., Bochicchio, F., Carpentieri, C., Milić, G. A., Nikezić, D.,& Žunić, Z. S.. (2017). Is high indoor radon concentration correlated with specific activity of radium in nearby soil? A study in Kosovo and Metohija. in Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(24), 19561-19568.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9538-8

Gulan L, Stajić JM, Bochicchio F, Carpentieri C, Milić GA, Nikezić D, Žunić ZS. Is high indoor radon concentration correlated with specific activity of radium in nearby soil? A study in Kosovo and Metohija. in Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017;24(24):19561-19568.
doi:10.1007/s11356-017-9538-8 .

Gulan, Ljiljana, Stajić, Jelena M., Bochicchio, Francesco, Carpentieri, Carmela, Milić, Gordana A., Nikezić, Dragoslav, Žunić, Zora S., "Is high indoor radon concentration correlated with specific activity of radium in nearby soil? A study in Kosovo and Metohija" in Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, no. 24 (2017):19561-19568,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9538-8 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Bossew, Peter
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
AU  - Veselinović, Nenad
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmen
AU  - Venoso, Gennaro
AU  - Antignani, Sara
AU  - Simović, Rodoljub
AU  - Ćurguz, Zoran
AU  - Udovičić, Vladimir
AU  - Stojanovska, Zdenka A.
AU  - Tollefsen, Tore B.
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1402
AB  - Recognized as a significant health hazard, radon (Rn) has been given increasing attention for years. Surveys of different kinds have been performed in many countries to assess the intensity and the geographical extent of possible Rn problems. Common surveys cover mainly dwellings, the indoor place with highest occupancy, and schools, where people spend a large fraction of their lifetime and which can also be considered exemplary for Rn exposure at workplaces; it has however been observed that relating them is difficult. It was unclear whether residential Rn at a location, or in a region, can be predicted by Rn at a school of that location, or vice versa. To current knowledge, no general rule seems applicable, as few models to describe the relationship between Rn in dwellings and in schools have been developed. In Southern Serbia, a Rn survey in a predominantly rural region was based on measurements in primary schools. The question arose whether or to which degree the results can be considered as indicative or even representative for residential Rn concentrations. To answer the question an additional survey of indoor Rn concentrations in dwellings was initiated, designed and performed in Sokobanja district in 2010-2012 in a manner to be able to detect a relationship if it exists. In the study region, 108 dwellings in 12 villages and towns were selected, with one primary school each. In this paper, we investigate how a relation between Rn in schools and dwellings could be identified and quantified, by developing a model and using experimental data from both the above main and additional surveys. The key criterion is the hypothesis that the relation dwellings schools, if it exists, is stronger for dwellings closer to a school than for those dwellings further away. We propose methods to test the hypothesis. As result, the hypothesis is corroborated at 95% significance level. More specifically, on town level (typical size about 1 km), the Rn concentration ratio dwelling/school is about 0.8 (geometrical mean), with geometrical standard deviation (GSD) about 1.9. For dwelling and school hypothetically in the same location, the ratio is estimated about 0.7 with GSD about 1.5. We think that the methodology can be applied to structurally similar problems. The results could be used to create conditional maps of Rn concentration in dwellings, i.e., for example a map of probabilities that indoor Rn concentrations in dwellings exceed 100 Bq/m(3), as function of Rn concentration in the local school. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
T2  - Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
T1  - The relation between radon in schools and in dwellings: A case study in a rural region of Southern Serbia
VL  - 167
SP  - 188
EP  - 200
DO  - 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.11.024
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Žunić, Zora S. and Bossew, Peter and Bochicchio, Francesco and Veselinović, Nenad and Carpentieri, Carmen and Venoso, Gennaro and Antignani, Sara and Simović, Rodoljub and Ćurguz, Zoran and Udovičić, Vladimir and Stojanovska, Zdenka A. and Tollefsen, Tore B.",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Recognized as a significant health hazard, radon (Rn) has been given increasing attention for years. Surveys of different kinds have been performed in many countries to assess the intensity and the geographical extent of possible Rn problems. Common surveys cover mainly dwellings, the indoor place with highest occupancy, and schools, where people spend a large fraction of their lifetime and which can also be considered exemplary for Rn exposure at workplaces; it has however been observed that relating them is difficult. It was unclear whether residential Rn at a location, or in a region, can be predicted by Rn at a school of that location, or vice versa. To current knowledge, no general rule seems applicable, as few models to describe the relationship between Rn in dwellings and in schools have been developed. In Southern Serbia, a Rn survey in a predominantly rural region was based on measurements in primary schools. The question arose whether or to which degree the results can be considered as indicative or even representative for residential Rn concentrations. To answer the question an additional survey of indoor Rn concentrations in dwellings was initiated, designed and performed in Sokobanja district in 2010-2012 in a manner to be able to detect a relationship if it exists. In the study region, 108 dwellings in 12 villages and towns were selected, with one primary school each. In this paper, we investigate how a relation between Rn in schools and dwellings could be identified and quantified, by developing a model and using experimental data from both the above main and additional surveys. The key criterion is the hypothesis that the relation dwellings schools, if it exists, is stronger for dwellings closer to a school than for those dwellings further away. We propose methods to test the hypothesis. As result, the hypothesis is corroborated at 95% significance level. More specifically, on town level (typical size about 1 km), the Rn concentration ratio dwelling/school is about 0.8 (geometrical mean), with geometrical standard deviation (GSD) about 1.9. For dwelling and school hypothetically in the same location, the ratio is estimated about 0.7 with GSD about 1.5. We think that the methodology can be applied to structurally similar problems. The results could be used to create conditional maps of Rn concentration in dwellings, i.e., for example a map of probabilities that indoor Rn concentrations in dwellings exceed 100 Bq/m(3), as function of Rn concentration in the local school. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
journal = "Journal of Environmental Radioactivity",
title = "The relation between radon in schools and in dwellings: A case study in a rural region of Southern Serbia",
volume = "167",
pages = "188-200",
doi = "10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.11.024"
}

Žunić, Z. S., Bossew, P., Bochicchio, F., Veselinović, N., Carpentieri, C., Venoso, G., Antignani, S., Simović, R., Ćurguz, Z., Udovičić, V., Stojanovska, Z. A.,& Tollefsen, T. B.. (2017). The relation between radon in schools and in dwellings: A case study in a rural region of Southern Serbia. in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 167, 188-200.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.11.024

Žunić ZS, Bossew P, Bochicchio F, Veselinović N, Carpentieri C, Venoso G, Antignani S, Simović R, Ćurguz Z, Udovičić V, Stojanovska ZA, Tollefsen TB. The relation between radon in schools and in dwellings: A case study in a rural region of Southern Serbia. in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 2017;167:188-200.
doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.11.024 .

Žunić, Zora S., Bossew, Peter, Bochicchio, Francesco, Veselinović, Nenad, Carpentieri, Carmen, Venoso, Gennaro, Antignani, Sara, Simović, Rodoljub, Ćurguz, Zoran, Udovičić, Vladimir, Stojanovska, Zdenka A., Tollefsen, Tore B., "The relation between radon in schools and in dwellings: A case study in a rural region of Southern Serbia" in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 167 (2017):188-200,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.11.024 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmen
AU  - Antignani, Sara
AU  - Venoso, Gennaro
AU  - Carelli, V.
AU  - Cordedda, C.
AU  - Veselinović, Nenad
AU  - Tollefsen, Tore B.
AU  - Bossew, Peter
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5967
AB  - In order to optimize the design of a national survey aimed to evaluate radon exposure of children in schools in Serbia, a pilot study was carried out in all the 334 primary schools of 13 municipalities of Southern Serbia. Based on data from passive measurements, rooms with annual radon concentration GT 300Bq/m(3) were found in 5% of schools. The mean annual radon concentration weighted with the number of pupils is 73Bq/m(3), 39% lower than the unweighted 119Bq/m(3) average concentration. The actual average concentration when children are in classrooms could be substantially lower. Variability between schools (CV=65%), between floors (CV=24%) and between rooms at the same floor (CV=21%) was analyzed. The impact of school location, floor, and room usage on radon concentration was also assessed (with similar results) by univariate and multivariate analyses. On average, radon concentration in schools within towns is a factor of 0.60 lower than in villages and at higher floors is a factor of 0.68 lower than ground floor. Results can be useful for other countries with similar soil and building characteristics.
T2  - Indoor Air
T1  - Radon in indoor air of primary schools: a systematic survey to evaluate factors affecting radon concentration levels and their variability
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 315
EP  - 326
DO  - 10.1111/ina.12073
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bochicchio, Francesco and Žunić, Zora S. and Carpentieri, Carmen and Antignani, Sara and Venoso, Gennaro and Carelli, V. and Cordedda, C. and Veselinović, Nenad and Tollefsen, Tore B. and Bossew, Peter",
year = "2014",
abstract = "In order to optimize the design of a national survey aimed to evaluate radon exposure of children in schools in Serbia, a pilot study was carried out in all the 334 primary schools of 13 municipalities of Southern Serbia. Based on data from passive measurements, rooms with annual radon concentration GT 300Bq/m(3) were found in 5% of schools. The mean annual radon concentration weighted with the number of pupils is 73Bq/m(3), 39% lower than the unweighted 119Bq/m(3) average concentration. The actual average concentration when children are in classrooms could be substantially lower. Variability between schools (CV=65%), between floors (CV=24%) and between rooms at the same floor (CV=21%) was analyzed. The impact of school location, floor, and room usage on radon concentration was also assessed (with similar results) by univariate and multivariate analyses. On average, radon concentration in schools within towns is a factor of 0.60 lower than in villages and at higher floors is a factor of 0.68 lower than ground floor. Results can be useful for other countries with similar soil and building characteristics.",
journal = "Indoor Air",
title = "Radon in indoor air of primary schools: a systematic survey to evaluate factors affecting radon concentration levels and their variability",
volume = "24",
number = "3",
pages = "315-326",
doi = "10.1111/ina.12073"
}

Bochicchio, F., Žunić, Z. S., Carpentieri, C., Antignani, S., Venoso, G., Carelli, V., Cordedda, C., Veselinović, N., Tollefsen, T. B.,& Bossew, P.. (2014). Radon in indoor air of primary schools: a systematic survey to evaluate factors affecting radon concentration levels and their variability. in Indoor Air, 24(3), 315-326.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12073

Bochicchio F, Žunić ZS, Carpentieri C, Antignani S, Venoso G, Carelli V, Cordedda C, Veselinović N, Tollefsen TB, Bossew P. Radon in indoor air of primary schools: a systematic survey to evaluate factors affecting radon concentration levels and their variability. in Indoor Air. 2014;24(3):315-326.
doi:10.1111/ina.12073 .

Bochicchio, Francesco, Žunić, Zora S., Carpentieri, Carmen, Antignani, Sara, Venoso, Gennaro, Carelli, V., Cordedda, C., Veselinović, Nenad, Tollefsen, Tore B., Bossew, Peter, "Radon in indoor air of primary schools: a systematic survey to evaluate factors affecting radon concentration levels and their variability" in Indoor Air, 24, no. 3 (2014):315-326,
https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12073 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bossew, Peter
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Stojanovska, Zdenka A.
AU  - Tollefsen, Tore B.
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmen
AU  - Veselinović, Nenad
AU  - Kornatina, S.
AU  - Vaupotič, Janja
AU  - Simović, Rodoljub
AU  - Antignani, Sara
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5845
AB  - Between 2008 and 2011 a survey of radon (Rn-222) was performed in schools of several districts of Southern Serbia. Some results have been published previously (Zunic et al., 2010; Carpentieri et al., 2011; Zunic et al., 2013). This article concentrates on the geographical distribution of the measured Rn concentrations. Applying geostatistical methods we generate school radon maps of expected concentrations and of estimated probabilities that a concentration threshold is exceeded. The resulting maps show a clearly structured spatial pattern which appears related to the geological background. In particular in areas with vulcanite and granitoid rocks, elevated radon (Rn) concentrations can be expected. The school radon map can therefore be considered as proxy to a map of the geogenic radon potential, and allows identification of radon-prone areas, i.e. areas in which higher Rn radon concentrations can be expected for natural reasons. It must be stressed that the radon hazard, or potential risk, estimated this way, has to be distinguished from the actual radon risk, which is a function of exposure. This in turn may require (depending on the target variable which is supposed to measure risk) considering demographic and sociological reality, i.e. population density, distribution of building styles and living habits. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
T2  - Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
T1  - Geographical distribution of the annual mean radon concentrations in primary schools of Southern Serbia - application of geostatistical methods
VL  - 127
IS  - SI
SP  - 141
EP  - 148
DO  - 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.09.015
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bossew, Peter and Žunić, Zora S. and Stojanovska, Zdenka A. and Tollefsen, Tore B. and Carpentieri, Carmen and Veselinović, Nenad and Kornatina, S. and Vaupotič, Janja and Simović, Rodoljub and Antignani, Sara and Bochicchio, Francesco",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Between 2008 and 2011 a survey of radon (Rn-222) was performed in schools of several districts of Southern Serbia. Some results have been published previously (Zunic et al., 2010; Carpentieri et al., 2011; Zunic et al., 2013). This article concentrates on the geographical distribution of the measured Rn concentrations. Applying geostatistical methods we generate school radon maps of expected concentrations and of estimated probabilities that a concentration threshold is exceeded. The resulting maps show a clearly structured spatial pattern which appears related to the geological background. In particular in areas with vulcanite and granitoid rocks, elevated radon (Rn) concentrations can be expected. The school radon map can therefore be considered as proxy to a map of the geogenic radon potential, and allows identification of radon-prone areas, i.e. areas in which higher Rn radon concentrations can be expected for natural reasons. It must be stressed that the radon hazard, or potential risk, estimated this way, has to be distinguished from the actual radon risk, which is a function of exposure. This in turn may require (depending on the target variable which is supposed to measure risk) considering demographic and sociological reality, i.e. population density, distribution of building styles and living habits. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
journal = "Journal of Environmental Radioactivity",
title = "Geographical distribution of the annual mean radon concentrations in primary schools of Southern Serbia - application of geostatistical methods",
volume = "127",
number = "SI",
pages = "141-148",
doi = "10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.09.015"
}

Bossew, P., Žunić, Z. S., Stojanovska, Z. A., Tollefsen, T. B., Carpentieri, C., Veselinović, N., Kornatina, S., Vaupotič, J., Simović, R., Antignani, S.,& Bochicchio, F.. (2014). Geographical distribution of the annual mean radon concentrations in primary schools of Southern Serbia - application of geostatistical methods. in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 127(SI), 141-148.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.09.015

Bossew P, Žunić ZS, Stojanovska ZA, Tollefsen TB, Carpentieri C, Veselinović N, Kornatina S, Vaupotič J, Simović R, Antignani S, Bochicchio F. Geographical distribution of the annual mean radon concentrations in primary schools of Southern Serbia - application of geostatistical methods. in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. 2014;127(SI):141-148.
doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.09.015 .

Bossew, Peter, Žunić, Zora S., Stojanovska, Zdenka A., Tollefsen, Tore B., Carpentieri, Carmen, Veselinović, Nenad, Kornatina, S., Vaupotič, Janja, Simović, Rodoljub, Antignani, Sara, Bochicchio, Francesco, "Geographical distribution of the annual mean radon concentrations in primary schools of Southern Serbia - application of geostatistical methods" in Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 127, no. SI (2014):141-148,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.09.015 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mishra, R.
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Venoso, Gennaro
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
AU  - Stojanovska, Zdenka A.
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmen
AU  - Prajith, R.
AU  - Sapra, B. K.
AU  - Mayya, Y. S.
AU  - Ishikawa, Tetsuo
AU  - Omori, Y.
AU  - Veselinović, Nenad
AU  - Tollefsen, Tore B.
AU  - Ujić, Predrag
AU  - Bossew, Peter
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6096
AB  - Thoron gas and its progeny behave quite differently in room environments, owing to the difference in their half-lives; therefore, it is important to measure simultaneously gas and progeny concentrations to estimate the time-integrated equilibrium factor. Furthermore, thoron concentration strongly depends on the distance from the source, i.e. generally walls in indoor environments. In the present work, therefore, the measurements of both thoron and radon gas and their progeny concentrations were consistently carried out close to the walls, in 43 dwellings located in the Sokobanja municipality, Serbia. Three different types of instruments have been used in the present survey to measure the time-integrated thoron and radon gas and their progeny concentrations simultaneously. The equilibrium factor for thoron measured close to the wall, F-Tn(W), ranged from 0.001 to 0.077 with a geometric mean (GM) [geometric standard deviation (GSD)] of 0.006 (2.2), whereas the equilibrium factor for radon, F-Rn,F- ranged from 0.06 to 0.95 with a GM (GSD) of 0.23 (2.0).
T2  - Radiation Protection Dosimetry
T1  - An evaluation of thoron (and radon) equilibrium factor close to walls based on long-term measurements in dwellings
VL  - 160
IS  - 1-3
SP  - 164
EP  - 168
DO  - 10.1093/rpd/ncu083
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mishra, R. and Žunić, Zora S. and Venoso, Gennaro and Bochicchio, Francesco and Stojanovska, Zdenka A. and Carpentieri, Carmen and Prajith, R. and Sapra, B. K. and Mayya, Y. S. and Ishikawa, Tetsuo and Omori, Y. and Veselinović, Nenad and Tollefsen, Tore B. and Ujić, Predrag and Bossew, Peter",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Thoron gas and its progeny behave quite differently in room environments, owing to the difference in their half-lives; therefore, it is important to measure simultaneously gas and progeny concentrations to estimate the time-integrated equilibrium factor. Furthermore, thoron concentration strongly depends on the distance from the source, i.e. generally walls in indoor environments. In the present work, therefore, the measurements of both thoron and radon gas and their progeny concentrations were consistently carried out close to the walls, in 43 dwellings located in the Sokobanja municipality, Serbia. Three different types of instruments have been used in the present survey to measure the time-integrated thoron and radon gas and their progeny concentrations simultaneously. The equilibrium factor for thoron measured close to the wall, F-Tn(W), ranged from 0.001 to 0.077 with a geometric mean (GM) [geometric standard deviation (GSD)] of 0.006 (2.2), whereas the equilibrium factor for radon, F-Rn,F- ranged from 0.06 to 0.95 with a GM (GSD) of 0.23 (2.0).",
journal = "Radiation Protection Dosimetry",
title = "An evaluation of thoron (and radon) equilibrium factor close to walls based on long-term measurements in dwellings",
volume = "160",
number = "1-3",
pages = "164-168",
doi = "10.1093/rpd/ncu083"
}

Mishra, R., Žunić, Z. S., Venoso, G., Bochicchio, F., Stojanovska, Z. A., Carpentieri, C., Prajith, R., Sapra, B. K., Mayya, Y. S., Ishikawa, T., Omori, Y., Veselinović, N., Tollefsen, T. B., Ujić, P.,& Bossew, P.. (2014). An evaluation of thoron (and radon) equilibrium factor close to walls based on long-term measurements in dwellings. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 160(1-3), 164-168.
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu083

Mishra R, Žunić ZS, Venoso G, Bochicchio F, Stojanovska ZA, Carpentieri C, Prajith R, Sapra BK, Mayya YS, Ishikawa T, Omori Y, Veselinović N, Tollefsen TB, Ujić P, Bossew P. An evaluation of thoron (and radon) equilibrium factor close to walls based on long-term measurements in dwellings. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2014;160(1-3):164-168.
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu083 .

Mishra, R., Žunić, Zora S., Venoso, Gennaro, Bochicchio, Francesco, Stojanovska, Zdenka A., Carpentieri, Carmen, Prajith, R., Sapra, B. K., Mayya, Y. S., Ishikawa, Tetsuo, Omori, Y., Veselinović, Nenad, Tollefsen, Tore B., Ujić, Predrag, Bossew, Peter, "An evaluation of thoron (and radon) equilibrium factor close to walls based on long-term measurements in dwellings" in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 160, no. 1-3 (2014):164-168,
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu083 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stojanovska, Zdenka A.
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Bossew, Peter
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmela
AU  - Venoso, Gennaro
AU  - Mishra, Rosaline
AU  - Rout, R. P.
AU  - Sapra, B. K.
AU  - Burghele, Bety D.
AU  - Cucos-Dinu, A.
AU  - Boev, Blažo
AU  - Cosma, C.
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7050
AB  - As part of a survey on concentrations of radon, thoron and their decay products in different indoor environments of the Balkan region involving international collaboration, measurements were performed in 43 schools from 5 municipalities of the Republic of Macedonia. The time-integrated radon and thoron gas concentrations (C-Rn and C-Tn) were measured by CR-39 (placed in chambers with different diffusion barriers), whereas the equilibrium equivalent radon and thoron concentrations (EERC and EETC) were measured using direct radon-thoron progeny sensors consisting of LR-115 nuclear track detectors. The detectors were deployed at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the walls as well as far away from the windows and doors in order to obtain more representative samples of air from the breathing zone; detectors were exposed over a 3-month period (March-May 2012). The geometric mean (GM) values [and geometric standard deviations (GSDs)] of C-Rn, C-Tn, EERC and EETC were 76 (1.7), 12 (2.3), 27 (1.4) and 0.75 Bq m(-3) (2.5), respectively. The equilibrium factors between radon and its decay products (F-Rn) and thoron and its decay products (F-Tn( GT 0.5) m) were evaluated: FRn ranged between 0.10 and 0.84 and F-Tn( GT 0.5) m ranged between 0.003 and 0.998 with GMs (and GSDs) equal to 0.36 (1.7) and 0.07 (3.4), respectively.
T2  - Radiation Protection Dosimetry
T1  - Results from Time Integrated Measurements of Indoor Radon, Thoron and Their Decay Product Concentrations in Schools in the Republic of Macedonia
VL  - 162
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 152
EP  - 156
DO  - 10.1093/rpd/ncu249
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stojanovska, Zdenka A. and Žunić, Zora S. and Bossew, Peter and Bochicchio, Francesco and Carpentieri, Carmela and Venoso, Gennaro and Mishra, Rosaline and Rout, R. P. and Sapra, B. K. and Burghele, Bety D. and Cucos-Dinu, A. and Boev, Blažo and Cosma, C.",
year = "2014",
abstract = "As part of a survey on concentrations of radon, thoron and their decay products in different indoor environments of the Balkan region involving international collaboration, measurements were performed in 43 schools from 5 municipalities of the Republic of Macedonia. The time-integrated radon and thoron gas concentrations (C-Rn and C-Tn) were measured by CR-39 (placed in chambers with different diffusion barriers), whereas the equilibrium equivalent radon and thoron concentrations (EERC and EETC) were measured using direct radon-thoron progeny sensors consisting of LR-115 nuclear track detectors. The detectors were deployed at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the walls as well as far away from the windows and doors in order to obtain more representative samples of air from the breathing zone; detectors were exposed over a 3-month period (March-May 2012). The geometric mean (GM) values [and geometric standard deviations (GSDs)] of C-Rn, C-Tn, EERC and EETC were 76 (1.7), 12 (2.3), 27 (1.4) and 0.75 Bq m(-3) (2.5), respectively. The equilibrium factors between radon and its decay products (F-Rn) and thoron and its decay products (F-Tn( GT 0.5) m) were evaluated: FRn ranged between 0.10 and 0.84 and F-Tn( GT 0.5) m ranged between 0.003 and 0.998 with GMs (and GSDs) equal to 0.36 (1.7) and 0.07 (3.4), respectively.",
journal = "Radiation Protection Dosimetry",
title = "Results from Time Integrated Measurements of Indoor Radon, Thoron and Their Decay Product Concentrations in Schools in the Republic of Macedonia",
volume = "162",
number = "1-2",
pages = "152-156",
doi = "10.1093/rpd/ncu249"
}

Stojanovska, Z. A., Žunić, Z. S., Bossew, P., Bochicchio, F., Carpentieri, C., Venoso, G., Mishra, R., Rout, R. P., Sapra, B. K., Burghele, B. D., Cucos-Dinu, A., Boev, B.,& Cosma, C.. (2014). Results from Time Integrated Measurements of Indoor Radon, Thoron and Their Decay Product Concentrations in Schools in the Republic of Macedonia. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 162(1-2), 152-156.
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu249

Stojanovska ZA, Žunić ZS, Bossew P, Bochicchio F, Carpentieri C, Venoso G, Mishra R, Rout RP, Sapra BK, Burghele BD, Cucos-Dinu A, Boev B, Cosma C. Results from Time Integrated Measurements of Indoor Radon, Thoron and Their Decay Product Concentrations in Schools in the Republic of Macedonia. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2014;162(1-2):152-156.
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu249 .

Stojanovska, Zdenka A., Žunić, Zora S., Bossew, Peter, Bochicchio, Francesco, Carpentieri, Carmela, Venoso, Gennaro, Mishra, Rosaline, Rout, R. P., Sapra, B. K., Burghele, Bety D., Cucos-Dinu, A., Boev, Blažo, Cosma, C., "Results from Time Integrated Measurements of Indoor Radon, Thoron and Their Decay Product Concentrations in Schools in the Republic of Macedonia" in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 162, no. 1-2 (2014):152-156,
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu249 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gulan, Ljiljana
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmela
AU  - Milić, Gordana A.
AU  - Stajić, Jelena M.
AU  - Krstić, Dragana Ž.
AU  - Stojanovska, Zdenka A.
AU  - Nikezić, Dragoslav
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5424
AB  - Some previous studies on radon concentration in dwellings of some areas of Kosovo and Metohija have revealed a high average radon concentration, even though the detectors were exposed for three months only. In order to better design a larger study in this region, the annual measurements in 25 houses were carried out as a pilot study. For each house, CR-39-based passive devices were exposed in two rooms for the two consecutive six-month periods to account for seasonal variations of radon concentration. Furthermore, in order to correlate the indoor radon with radium in nearby soil and to improve the knowledge of the natural radioactivity in the region, soil samples near each house were collected and Ra-226, Th-232, K-40 activity concentration were measured. The indoor radon concentration resulted quite high from the average (163 Bq/m(3)) and generally it did not differ considerably between the two rooms and the two six-month periods. The natural radionuclides in soil resulted to be distributed quite uniformly. Moreover, the correlation between the(226)Ra content in soil and radon concentration in dwellings resulted to be low (R-2 = 0.26). The annual effective dose from radon and its short-lived progeny (5.5 mSv, in average) was calculated by using the last ICRP dose conversion factors. In comparison, the contribution to the annual effective dose of outdoor gamma exposure from natural radionuclides in soil is nearly negligible (66 mu Sv). In conclusion, the observed high radon levels are only partially correlated with radium in soil; moreover, a good estimate of the annual average of radon concentration can be obtained from a six-month measurement with a proper choice of exposure period, which could be useful when designing large surveys.
T2  - Nuclear technology and radiation protection
T1  - High Annual Radon Concentration in Dwellings and Natural Radioactivity Content in Nearby Soil in Some Rural Areas of Kosovo and Metohija
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
SP  - 60
EP  - 67
DO  - 10.2298/NTRP1301060G
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gulan, Ljiljana and Bochicchio, Francesco and Carpentieri, Carmela and Milić, Gordana A. and Stajić, Jelena M. and Krstić, Dragana Ž. and Stojanovska, Zdenka A. and Nikezić, Dragoslav and Žunić, Zora S.",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Some previous studies on radon concentration in dwellings of some areas of Kosovo and Metohija have revealed a high average radon concentration, even though the detectors were exposed for three months only. In order to better design a larger study in this region, the annual measurements in 25 houses were carried out as a pilot study. For each house, CR-39-based passive devices were exposed in two rooms for the two consecutive six-month periods to account for seasonal variations of radon concentration. Furthermore, in order to correlate the indoor radon with radium in nearby soil and to improve the knowledge of the natural radioactivity in the region, soil samples near each house were collected and Ra-226, Th-232, K-40 activity concentration were measured. The indoor radon concentration resulted quite high from the average (163 Bq/m(3)) and generally it did not differ considerably between the two rooms and the two six-month periods. The natural radionuclides in soil resulted to be distributed quite uniformly. Moreover, the correlation between the(226)Ra content in soil and radon concentration in dwellings resulted to be low (R-2 = 0.26). The annual effective dose from radon and its short-lived progeny (5.5 mSv, in average) was calculated by using the last ICRP dose conversion factors. In comparison, the contribution to the annual effective dose of outdoor gamma exposure from natural radionuclides in soil is nearly negligible (66 mu Sv). In conclusion, the observed high radon levels are only partially correlated with radium in soil; moreover, a good estimate of the annual average of radon concentration can be obtained from a six-month measurement with a proper choice of exposure period, which could be useful when designing large surveys.",
journal = "Nuclear technology and radiation protection",
title = "High Annual Radon Concentration in Dwellings and Natural Radioactivity Content in Nearby Soil in Some Rural Areas of Kosovo and Metohija",
volume = "28",
number = "1",
pages = "60-67",
doi = "10.2298/NTRP1301060G"
}

Gulan, L., Bochicchio, F., Carpentieri, C., Milić, G. A., Stajić, J. M., Krstić, D. Ž., Stojanovska, Z. A., Nikezić, D.,& Žunić, Z. S.. (2013). High Annual Radon Concentration in Dwellings and Natural Radioactivity Content in Nearby Soil in Some Rural Areas of Kosovo and Metohija. in Nuclear technology and radiation protection, 28(1), 60-67.
https://doi.org/10.2298/NTRP1301060G

Gulan L, Bochicchio F, Carpentieri C, Milić GA, Stajić JM, Krstić DŽ, Stojanovska ZA, Nikezić D, Žunić ZS. High Annual Radon Concentration in Dwellings and Natural Radioactivity Content in Nearby Soil in Some Rural Areas of Kosovo and Metohija. in Nuclear technology and radiation protection. 2013;28(1):60-67.
doi:10.2298/NTRP1301060G .

Gulan, Ljiljana, Bochicchio, Francesco, Carpentieri, Carmela, Milić, Gordana A., Stajić, Jelena M., Krstić, Dragana Ž., Stojanovska, Zdenka A., Nikezić, Dragoslav, Žunić, Zora S., "High Annual Radon Concentration in Dwellings and Natural Radioactivity Content in Nearby Soil in Some Rural Areas of Kosovo and Metohija" in Nuclear technology and radiation protection, 28, no. 1 (2013):60-67,
https://doi.org/10.2298/NTRP1301060G . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmen
AU  - Stojanovska, Zdenka A.
AU  - Antignani, Sara
AU  - Veselinović, Nenad
AU  - Tollefsen, Tore B.
AU  - Carelli, V.
AU  - Cordedda, C.
AU  - Cuknic, O.
AU  - Filipović, Jelena G.
AU  - Bossew, Peter
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7001
AB  - In this paper the results of radon concentration measurements performed in 207 schools in 7 communities of Southern Serbia are presented. The annual radon concentration varied from 17 Bqm(-3) to 428 Bqm(-3) with a median value of 96 Bqm(-3). The arithmetic mean (AM) of the 207 annual averages was 118 Bqm(-3) with a standard deviation (SD) of 78 Bqm(-3). The best distribution fitting of radon concentration by log-normal function was obtained. The log-normal parameters are the following: geometric mean (GM) = 97 Bqm(-3), geometric standard deviation (GSD) = 1.9. In addition, a spatial distribution of the indoor radon concentration over the investigated areas is observed.
T2  - Romanian Journal of Physics
T1  - Some Results of a Radon Survey in 207 Serbian Schools
VL  - 58
SP  - S320
EP  - S327
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_7001
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Žunić, Zora S. and Carpentieri, Carmen and Stojanovska, Zdenka A. and Antignani, Sara and Veselinović, Nenad and Tollefsen, Tore B. and Carelli, V. and Cordedda, C. and Cuknic, O. and Filipović, Jelena G. and Bossew, Peter and Bochicchio, Francesco",
year = "2013",
abstract = "In this paper the results of radon concentration measurements performed in 207 schools in 7 communities of Southern Serbia are presented. The annual radon concentration varied from 17 Bqm(-3) to 428 Bqm(-3) with a median value of 96 Bqm(-3). The arithmetic mean (AM) of the 207 annual averages was 118 Bqm(-3) with a standard deviation (SD) of 78 Bqm(-3). The best distribution fitting of radon concentration by log-normal function was obtained. The log-normal parameters are the following: geometric mean (GM) = 97 Bqm(-3), geometric standard deviation (GSD) = 1.9. In addition, a spatial distribution of the indoor radon concentration over the investigated areas is observed.",
journal = "Romanian Journal of Physics",
title = "Some Results of a Radon Survey in 207 Serbian Schools",
volume = "58",
pages = "S320-S327",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_7001"
}

Žunić, Z. S., Carpentieri, C., Stojanovska, Z. A., Antignani, S., Veselinović, N., Tollefsen, T. B., Carelli, V., Cordedda, C., Cuknic, O., Filipović, J. G., Bossew, P.,& Bochicchio, F.. (2013). Some Results of a Radon Survey in 207 Serbian Schools. in Romanian Journal of Physics, 58, S320-S327.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_7001

Žunić ZS, Carpentieri C, Stojanovska ZA, Antignani S, Veselinović N, Tollefsen TB, Carelli V, Cordedda C, Cuknic O, Filipović JG, Bossew P, Bochicchio F. Some Results of a Radon Survey in 207 Serbian Schools. in Romanian Journal of Physics. 2013;58:S320-S327.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_7001 .

Žunić, Zora S., Carpentieri, Carmen, Stojanovska, Zdenka A., Antignani, Sara, Veselinović, Nenad, Tollefsen, Tore B., Carelli, V., Cordedda, C., Cuknic, O., Filipović, Jelena G., Bossew, Peter, Bochicchio, Francesco, "Some Results of a Radon Survey in 207 Serbian Schools" in Romanian Journal of Physics, 58 (2013):S320-S327,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_7001 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carpentieri, Carmen
AU  - Žunić, Zora S.
AU  - Carelli, V.
AU  - Cordedda, C.
AU  - Ferrigno, G.
AU  - Veselinović, Nenad
AU  - Bossew, Peter
AU  - Tollefsen, Tore B.
AU  - Cuknic, O.
AU  - Vojinovic, Z.
AU  - Bochicchio, Francesco
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4319
AB  - In an international collaboration, a long-term radon concentration survey was carried out in schools of Southern Serbia with radon detectors prepared, etched and read-out in Italy. In such surveys it is necessary to evaluate measurement precision in field conditions, and to check whether quality assurance protocols were effective in keeping uncertainties under control, despite the complex organisation of measurements. In the first stage of the survey, which involves only some of the total number of municipalities, paired detectors were exposed in each monitored room in order to experimentally assess measurement precision. Paired passive devices (containing CR-39 detectors) were exposed for two consecutive 6-month periods. Two different measurement systems were used to read out CR-39s of the first and second period, respectively. The median of the coefficient of variation (CV) of the measured exposures was 8 % for 232 paired devices of the first 6-month period and 4 % for 242 paired devices of the second 6-month period, respectively. This difference was mainly due to a different track count repeatability of the two read-out systems, which was 4 and 1 %, respectively, as the median value of CV of repeated countings. The in-field measured precision results are very similar to the precision assessed in calibration conditions and are much lower than the room-to-room variation of radon concentration in the monitored schools. Moreover, a quality assurance protocol was followed to reduce extra-exposures during detector transport from Rome to schools measured and back.
T2  - Radiation Protection Dosimetry
T1  - Assessment of Long-Term Radon Concentration Measurement Precision in Field Conditions (Serbian Schools) for a Survey Carried Out By An International Collaboration
VL  - 145
IS  - 2-3
SP  - 305
EP  - 311
DO  - 10.1093/rpd/ncr042
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Carpentieri, Carmen and Žunić, Zora S. and Carelli, V. and Cordedda, C. and Ferrigno, G. and Veselinović, Nenad and Bossew, Peter and Tollefsen, Tore B. and Cuknic, O. and Vojinovic, Z. and Bochicchio, Francesco",
year = "2011",
abstract = "In an international collaboration, a long-term radon concentration survey was carried out in schools of Southern Serbia with radon detectors prepared, etched and read-out in Italy. In such surveys it is necessary to evaluate measurement precision in field conditions, and to check whether quality assurance protocols were effective in keeping uncertainties under control, despite the complex organisation of measurements. In the first stage of the survey, which involves only some of the total number of municipalities, paired detectors were exposed in each monitored room in order to experimentally assess measurement precision. Paired passive devices (containing CR-39 detectors) were exposed for two consecutive 6-month periods. Two different measurement systems were used to read out CR-39s of the first and second period, respectively. The median of the coefficient of variation (CV) of the measured exposures was 8 % for 232 paired devices of the first 6-month period and 4 % for 242 paired devices of the second 6-month period, respectively. This difference was mainly due to a different track count repeatability of the two read-out systems, which was 4 and 1 %, respectively, as the median value of CV of repeated countings. The in-field measured precision results are very similar to the precision assessed in calibration conditions and are much lower than the room-to-room variation of radon concentration in the monitored schools. Moreover, a quality assurance protocol was followed to reduce extra-exposures during detector transport from Rome to schools measured and back.",
journal = "Radiation Protection Dosimetry",
title = "Assessment of Long-Term Radon Concentration Measurement Precision in Field Conditions (Serbian Schools) for a Survey Carried Out By An International Collaboration",
volume = "145",
number = "2-3",
pages = "305-311",
doi = "10.1093/rpd/ncr042"
}

Carpentieri, C., Žunić, Z. S., Carelli, V., Cordedda, C., Ferrigno, G., Veselinović, N., Bossew, P., Tollefsen, T. B., Cuknic, O., Vojinovic, Z.,& Bochicchio, F.. (2011). Assessment of Long-Term Radon Concentration Measurement Precision in Field Conditions (Serbian Schools) for a Survey Carried Out By An International Collaboration. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 145(2-3), 305-311.
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncr042

Carpentieri C, Žunić ZS, Carelli V, Cordedda C, Ferrigno G, Veselinović N, Bossew P, Tollefsen TB, Cuknic O, Vojinovic Z, Bochicchio F. Assessment of Long-Term Radon Concentration Measurement Precision in Field Conditions (Serbian Schools) for a Survey Carried Out By An International Collaboration. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2011;145(2-3):305-311.
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr042 .

Carpentieri, Carmen, Žunić, Zora S., Carelli, V., Cordedda, C., Ferrigno, G., Veselinović, Nenad, Bossew, Peter, Tollefsen, Tore B., Cuknic, O., Vojinovic, Z., Bochicchio, Francesco, "Assessment of Long-Term Radon Concentration Measurement Precision in Field Conditions (Serbian Schools) for a Survey Carried Out By An International Collaboration" in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 145, no. 2-3 (2011):305-311,
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncr042 . .