TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petrović, Borislava
AU  - Vicko, Ferenc
AU  - Radovanović, Dragana
AU  - Samac, Jelena
AU  - Tot, Arpad
AU  - Radovanović, Zoran
AU  - Ivković- Kapicl, Tatjana
AU  - Lukić, Dejan
AU  - Marjanović, Milana
AU  - Ivanov, Olivera
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10039
AB  - IntroductionSentinel node biopsy is a procedure used for axillary nodal staging in breast cancer surgery. The process uses radioactive 99mTc isotope for mapping the sentinel node(s) and all the staff involved in the procedure is potentially exposed to ionizing radiation. The colloid for radiolabelling (antimone-sulphide) with 99mTc isotope (half-life 6 h) is injected into the patient breast. The injection has activity of 18.5 MBq. The surgeon removes the primary tumor and detects active lymph nodes with gamma detection unit. The tumor as well as the active nodal tissue is transferred to pathologist for the definitive findings. The aim of the study was to measure dose equivalents to extremities and whole body for all staff and suggest practice improvement in order to minimize exposure risk.Materials and methodsThe measurements of the following operational quantities were performed: Hp(10) personal dose equivalent to whole body and Hp(0.07) to extremities for staff as well as ambiental dose for operating theatre and during injection. Hp(0.07) were measured at surgeon’s finger by ring thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) type MTS-N, and reader RADOS RE2000. Surgeon and nurse were wearing TLD personal dosimeter at the chest level. Anesthesiologist and anesthetist were wearing electronic personal dosimeters, while pathologist was wearing ring TLD while manipulating tissue samples. Electronic dosimeters used were manufactured by Polimaster, type PM1610. All TLD and electronic dosimeters data were reported, including background radiation. Background radiation was also monitored separately. Personal TLDs are standard for this type of personal monitoring, provided by accredited laboratory. Measurements of ambiental dose in workplaces of other staff involved around the patient was performed before the surgery took place, by calibrated survey meters manufactured by Atomtex, type 1667. The study involved two surgeons and one pathologist, two anesthesiologists and three anesthetists during two months period.Results and discussionThe doses received by all staff are evaluated using passive and active personal dosimeters and ambiental dose monitors and practice was improved based on results collected. Average annual whole body dose for all staff involved in the procedure was less than 0.8 mSv. Extremity dose equivalents to surgeon and pathologist were far below the limits set for professionally exposed (surgeon) and for public (pathologist).ConclusionsAlthough has proven to be very safe for all staff, additional measures for radiation protection, in accordance to ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) should be conducted. The recommendations for practice improvement with respect to radiation protection were issued.
T2  - Physica Medica
T1  - Occupational radiation dose of personnel involved in sentinel node biopsy procedure
VL  - 91
SP  - 117
EP  - 120
DO  - 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.10.019
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Petrović, Borislava and Vicko, Ferenc and Radovanović, Dragana and Samac, Jelena and Tot, Arpad and Radovanović, Zoran and Ivković- Kapicl, Tatjana and Lukić, Dejan and Marjanović, Milana and Ivanov, Olivera",
year = "2021",
abstract = "IntroductionSentinel node biopsy is a procedure used for axillary nodal staging in breast cancer surgery. The process uses radioactive 99mTc isotope for mapping the sentinel node(s) and all the staff involved in the procedure is potentially exposed to ionizing radiation. The colloid for radiolabelling (antimone-sulphide) with 99mTc isotope (half-life 6 h) is injected into the patient breast. The injection has activity of 18.5 MBq. The surgeon removes the primary tumor and detects active lymph nodes with gamma detection unit. The tumor as well as the active nodal tissue is transferred to pathologist for the definitive findings. The aim of the study was to measure dose equivalents to extremities and whole body for all staff and suggest practice improvement in order to minimize exposure risk.Materials and methodsThe measurements of the following operational quantities were performed: Hp(10) personal dose equivalent to whole body and Hp(0.07) to extremities for staff as well as ambiental dose for operating theatre and during injection. Hp(0.07) were measured at surgeon’s finger by ring thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) type MTS-N, and reader RADOS RE2000. Surgeon and nurse were wearing TLD personal dosimeter at the chest level. Anesthesiologist and anesthetist were wearing electronic personal dosimeters, while pathologist was wearing ring TLD while manipulating tissue samples. Electronic dosimeters used were manufactured by Polimaster, type PM1610. All TLD and electronic dosimeters data were reported, including background radiation. Background radiation was also monitored separately. Personal TLDs are standard for this type of personal monitoring, provided by accredited laboratory. Measurements of ambiental dose in workplaces of other staff involved around the patient was performed before the surgery took place, by calibrated survey meters manufactured by Atomtex, type 1667. The study involved two surgeons and one pathologist, two anesthesiologists and three anesthetists during two months period.Results and discussionThe doses received by all staff are evaluated using passive and active personal dosimeters and ambiental dose monitors and practice was improved based on results collected. Average annual whole body dose for all staff involved in the procedure was less than 0.8 mSv. Extremity dose equivalents to surgeon and pathologist were far below the limits set for professionally exposed (surgeon) and for public (pathologist).ConclusionsAlthough has proven to be very safe for all staff, additional measures for radiation protection, in accordance to ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) should be conducted. The recommendations for practice improvement with respect to radiation protection were issued.",
journal = "Physica Medica",
title = "Occupational radiation dose of personnel involved in sentinel node biopsy procedure",
volume = "91",
pages = "117-120",
doi = "10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.10.019"
}

Petrović, B., Vicko, F., Radovanović, D., Samac, J., Tot, A., Radovanović, Z., Ivković- Kapicl, T., Lukić, D., Marjanović, M.,& Ivanov, O.. (2021). Occupational radiation dose of personnel involved in sentinel node biopsy procedure. in Physica Medica, 91, 117-120.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.10.019

Petrović B, Vicko F, Radovanović D, Samac J, Tot A, Radovanović Z, Ivković- Kapicl T, Lukić D, Marjanović M, Ivanov O. Occupational radiation dose of personnel involved in sentinel node biopsy procedure. in Physica Medica. 2021;91:117-120.
doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.10.019 .

Petrović, Borislava, Vicko, Ferenc, Radovanović, Dragana, Samac, Jelena, Tot, Arpad, Radovanović, Zoran, Ivković- Kapicl, Tatjana, Lukić, Dejan, Marjanović, Milana, Ivanov, Olivera, "Occupational radiation dose of personnel involved in sentinel node biopsy procedure" in Physica Medica, 91 (2021):117-120,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.10.019 . .