TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balvanović, Roman
AU  - Šmit, Žiga
AU  - Stojanović, Milica Marić
AU  - Špehar, Perica
AU  - Milović, Olivera
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/11836
AB  - Thirty-two glasses from four Byzantine fortifications located on the Danube in Serbia, dated to the sixth-century CE, are analysed by PIXE/PIGE, and their compositional types are determined. Most of the glasses belong to Late Antique type Foy 2.1 (22), the rest being Foy 3.2 (3), HIMTa (1), Levantine (2), plant-ash (3), and coloured black (1). The diversity of compositional types and provenances characterizing the same area during the third to fourth century, changed in the sixth century into uniformity of glass types and provenance: more than two-thirds of all glass types represent only one type (Foy 2.1), and at least 87% of all imports came from a single region, Egypt. Apart from two glasses reported herein, no Levantine glasses are reported from Serbia, and almost none from the inner Balkans, which is in contrast with the rest of the Mediterranean excluding Egypt. The reasons for this might be the economic aftermath of earlier Hunnic raids or possible centralization of raw glass imports during the Justinian rebuilding program. Two plant ash glasses of mixed composition, showing characteristics of Egyptian plant-ash flux and Mesopotamian sand, likely represent recycled glass originating from these two regions.
T2  - Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
T1  - Sixth-century Byzantine glass from Limes Fortifications on Serbian Danube
VL  - 15
IS  - 11
DO  - 10.1007/s12520-023-01872-8
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Balvanović, Roman and Šmit, Žiga and Stojanović, Milica Marić and Špehar, Perica and Milović, Olivera",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Thirty-two glasses from four Byzantine fortifications located on the Danube in Serbia, dated to the sixth-century CE, are analysed by PIXE/PIGE, and their compositional types are determined. Most of the glasses belong to Late Antique type Foy 2.1 (22), the rest being Foy 3.2 (3), HIMTa (1), Levantine (2), plant-ash (3), and coloured black (1). The diversity of compositional types and provenances characterizing the same area during the third to fourth century, changed in the sixth century into uniformity of glass types and provenance: more than two-thirds of all glass types represent only one type (Foy 2.1), and at least 87% of all imports came from a single region, Egypt. Apart from two glasses reported herein, no Levantine glasses are reported from Serbia, and almost none from the inner Balkans, which is in contrast with the rest of the Mediterranean excluding Egypt. The reasons for this might be the economic aftermath of earlier Hunnic raids or possible centralization of raw glass imports during the Justinian rebuilding program. Two plant ash glasses of mixed composition, showing characteristics of Egyptian plant-ash flux and Mesopotamian sand, likely represent recycled glass originating from these two regions.",
journal = "Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences",
title = "Sixth-century Byzantine glass from Limes Fortifications on Serbian Danube",
volume = "15",
number = "11",
doi = "10.1007/s12520-023-01872-8"
}

Balvanović, R., Šmit, Ž., Stojanović, M. M., Špehar, P.,& Milović, O.. (2023). Sixth-century Byzantine glass from Limes Fortifications on Serbian Danube. in Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 15(11).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-023-01872-8

Balvanović R, Šmit Ž, Stojanović MM, Špehar P, Milović O. Sixth-century Byzantine glass from Limes Fortifications on Serbian Danube. in Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 2023;15(11).
doi:10.1007/s12520-023-01872-8 .

Balvanović, Roman, Šmit, Žiga, Stojanović, Milica Marić, Špehar, Perica, Milović, Olivera, "Sixth-century Byzantine glass from Limes Fortifications on Serbian Danube" in Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 15, no. 11 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-023-01872-8 . .