TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gluvić, Zoran
AU  - Obradović, Milan M.
AU  - Stewart, Alan J.
AU  - Essack, Magbubah
AU  - Pitt, Samantha J.
AU  - Samardžić, Vladimir
AU  - Soskić, Sanja S.
AU  - Gojobori, Takashi
AU  - Isenović, Esma R.
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10047
AB  - Levothyroxine (LT4) is used to treat frequently encountered endocrinopathies such as thyroid diseases. It is regularly used in clinical (overt) hypothyroidism cases and subclinical (latent) hypothyroidism cases in the last decade. Suppressive LT4 therapy is also part of the medical regimen used to manage thyroid malignancies after a thyroidectomy. LT4 treatment possesses dual effects: substituting new-onset thyroid hormone deficiency and suppressing the local and distant malignancy spreading in cancer. It is the practice to administer LT4 in less-than-high suppressive doses for growth control of thyroid nodules and goiter, even in patients with preserved thyroid function. Despite its approved safety for clinical use, LT4 can sometimes induce side-effects, more often recorded with patients under treatment with LT4 suppressive doses than in unintentionally LT4-overdosed patients. Cardiac arrhythmias and the deterioration of osteoporosis are the most frequently documented side-effects of LT4 therapy. It also lowers the threshold for the onset or aggravation of cardiac arrhythmias for patients with pre-existing heart diseases. To improve the quality of life in LT4-substituted patients, clinicians often prescribe higher doses of LT4 to reach low normal TSH levels to achieve cellular euthyroidism. In such circumstances, the risk of cardiac arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation, increases, and the combined use of LT4 and triiodothyronine further complicates such risk. This review summarizes the relevant available data related to LT4 suppressive treatment and the associated risk of cardiac arrhythmia.
T2  - Frontiers in Endocrinology
T1  - Levothyroxine Treatment and the Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias – Focus on the Patient Submitted to Thyroid Surgery
VL  - 12
SP  - 1415
DO  - 10.3389/fendo.2021.758043
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Gluvić, Zoran and Obradović, Milan M. and Stewart, Alan J. and Essack, Magbubah and Pitt, Samantha J. and Samardžić, Vladimir and Soskić, Sanja S. and Gojobori, Takashi and Isenović, Esma R.",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Levothyroxine (LT4) is used to treat frequently encountered endocrinopathies such as thyroid diseases. It is regularly used in clinical (overt) hypothyroidism cases and subclinical (latent) hypothyroidism cases in the last decade. Suppressive LT4 therapy is also part of the medical regimen used to manage thyroid malignancies after a thyroidectomy. LT4 treatment possesses dual effects: substituting new-onset thyroid hormone deficiency and suppressing the local and distant malignancy spreading in cancer. It is the practice to administer LT4 in less-than-high suppressive doses for growth control of thyroid nodules and goiter, even in patients with preserved thyroid function. Despite its approved safety for clinical use, LT4 can sometimes induce side-effects, more often recorded with patients under treatment with LT4 suppressive doses than in unintentionally LT4-overdosed patients. Cardiac arrhythmias and the deterioration of osteoporosis are the most frequently documented side-effects of LT4 therapy. It also lowers the threshold for the onset or aggravation of cardiac arrhythmias for patients with pre-existing heart diseases. To improve the quality of life in LT4-substituted patients, clinicians often prescribe higher doses of LT4 to reach low normal TSH levels to achieve cellular euthyroidism. In such circumstances, the risk of cardiac arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation, increases, and the combined use of LT4 and triiodothyronine further complicates such risk. This review summarizes the relevant available data related to LT4 suppressive treatment and the associated risk of cardiac arrhythmia.",
journal = "Frontiers in Endocrinology",
title = "Levothyroxine Treatment and the Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias – Focus on the Patient Submitted to Thyroid Surgery",
volume = "12",
pages = "1415",
doi = "10.3389/fendo.2021.758043"
}

Gluvić, Z., Obradović, M. M., Stewart, A. J., Essack, M., Pitt, S. J., Samardžić, V., Soskić, S. S., Gojobori, T.,& Isenović, E. R.. (2021). Levothyroxine Treatment and the Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias – Focus on the Patient Submitted to Thyroid Surgery. in Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 1415.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.758043

Gluvić Z, Obradović MM, Stewart AJ, Essack M, Pitt SJ, Samardžić V, Soskić SS, Gojobori T, Isenović ER. Levothyroxine Treatment and the Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias – Focus on the Patient Submitted to Thyroid Surgery. in Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2021;12:1415.
doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.758043 .

Gluvić, Zoran, Obradović, Milan M., Stewart, Alan J., Essack, Magbubah, Pitt, Samantha J., Samardžić, Vladimir, Soskić, Sanja S., Gojobori, Takashi, Isenović, Esma R., "Levothyroxine Treatment and the Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias – Focus on the Patient Submitted to Thyroid Surgery" in Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12 (2021):1415,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.758043 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Obradović, Milan
AU  - Sudar-Milovanović, Emina
AU  - Soskić, Sanja S.
AU  - Essack, Magbubah
AU  - Arya, Swati
AU  - Stewart, Alan J.
AU  - Gojobori, Takashi
AU  - Isenović, Esma R.
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9833
AB  - The peptide hormone leptin regulates food intake, body mass, and reproductive function and plays a role in fetal growth, proinflammatory immune responses, angiogenesis and lipolysis. Leptin is a product of the obese (ob) gene and, following synthesis and secretion from fat cells in white adipose tissue, binds to and activates its cognate receptor, the leptin receptor (LEP-R). LEP-R distribution facilitates leptin’s pleiotropic effects, playing a crucial role in regulating body mass via a negative feedback mechanism between adipose tissue and the hypothalamus. Leptin resistance is characterized by reduced satiety, over-consumption of nutrients, and increased total body mass. Often this leads to obesity, which reduces the effectiveness of using exogenous leptin as a therapeutic agent. Thus, combining leptin therapies with leptin sensitizers may help overcome such resistance and, consequently, obesity. This review examines recent data obtained from human and animal studies related to leptin, its role in obesity, and its usefulness in obesity treatment.
T2  - Frontiers in Endocrinology
T1  - Leptin and Obesity: Role and Clinical Implication
VL  - 12
SP  - 563
DO  - 10.3389/fendo.2021.585887
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Obradović, Milan and Sudar-Milovanović, Emina and Soskić, Sanja S. and Essack, Magbubah and Arya, Swati and Stewart, Alan J. and Gojobori, Takashi and Isenović, Esma R.",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The peptide hormone leptin regulates food intake, body mass, and reproductive function and plays a role in fetal growth, proinflammatory immune responses, angiogenesis and lipolysis. Leptin is a product of the obese (ob) gene and, following synthesis and secretion from fat cells in white adipose tissue, binds to and activates its cognate receptor, the leptin receptor (LEP-R). LEP-R distribution facilitates leptin’s pleiotropic effects, playing a crucial role in regulating body mass via a negative feedback mechanism between adipose tissue and the hypothalamus. Leptin resistance is characterized by reduced satiety, over-consumption of nutrients, and increased total body mass. Often this leads to obesity, which reduces the effectiveness of using exogenous leptin as a therapeutic agent. Thus, combining leptin therapies with leptin sensitizers may help overcome such resistance and, consequently, obesity. This review examines recent data obtained from human and animal studies related to leptin, its role in obesity, and its usefulness in obesity treatment.",
journal = "Frontiers in Endocrinology",
title = "Leptin and Obesity: Role and Clinical Implication",
volume = "12",
pages = "563",
doi = "10.3389/fendo.2021.585887"
}

Obradović, M., Sudar-Milovanović, E., Soskić, S. S., Essack, M., Arya, S., Stewart, A. J., Gojobori, T.,& Isenović, E. R.. (2021). Leptin and Obesity: Role and Clinical Implication. in Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 563.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.585887

Obradović M, Sudar-Milovanović E, Soskić SS, Essack M, Arya S, Stewart AJ, Gojobori T, Isenović ER. Leptin and Obesity: Role and Clinical Implication. in Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2021;12:563.
doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.585887 .

Obradović, Milan, Sudar-Milovanović, Emina, Soskić, Sanja S., Essack, Magbubah, Arya, Swati, Stewart, Alan J., Gojobori, Takashi, Isenović, Esma R., "Leptin and Obesity: Role and Clinical Implication" in Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12 (2021):563,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.585887 . .