TY  - JOUR
AU  - O’Connor, Una M.
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Clairand, Isabelle
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - de Monte, Francesca
AU  - Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna
AU  - Ferrari, Paolo
AU  - Ginjaume, Merce
AU  - Hršak, Hrvoje
AU  - Hupe, Oliver
AU  - Knežević, Željka
AU  - Sans Merce, Marta
AU  - Sarmento, Sandra
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Vanhavere, Filip
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9863
AB  - Occupational radiation doses from interventional procedures have the potential to be relatively high. The requirement to optimise these doses encourages the use of electronic or active personal dosimeters (APDs) which are now increasingly used in hospitals. They are typically used in tandem with a routine passive dosimetry monitoring programme, with APDs used for real-time readings, for training purposes and when new imaging technology is introduced. However, there are limitations when using APDs. A survey in hospitals to identify issues related to the use of APDs was recently completed, along with an extensive series of APD tests by the EURADOS Working Group 12 on Dosimetry for Medical Imaging. The aim of this review paper is to summarise the state of the art regarding the use of APDs. We also used the results of our survey and our tests to develop a set of recommendations for the use of APDs in the clinical interventional radiology/cardiology settings, and draw attention to some of the current challenges.
T2  - Physica Medica
T1  - Recommendations for the use of active personal dosemeters (APDs) in interventional workplaces in hospitals
VL  - 87
SP  - 131
EP  - 135
DO  - 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.05.015
ER  - 

@article{
author = "O’Connor, Una M. and Carinou, Eleftheria and Clairand, Isabelle and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and de Monte, Francesca and Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna and Ferrari, Paolo and Ginjaume, Merce and Hršak, Hrvoje and Hupe, Oliver and Knežević, Željka and Sans Merce, Marta and Sarmento, Sandra and Siiskonen, Teemu and Vanhavere, Filip",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Occupational radiation doses from interventional procedures have the potential to be relatively high. The requirement to optimise these doses encourages the use of electronic or active personal dosimeters (APDs) which are now increasingly used in hospitals. They are typically used in tandem with a routine passive dosimetry monitoring programme, with APDs used for real-time readings, for training purposes and when new imaging technology is introduced. However, there are limitations when using APDs. A survey in hospitals to identify issues related to the use of APDs was recently completed, along with an extensive series of APD tests by the EURADOS Working Group 12 on Dosimetry for Medical Imaging. The aim of this review paper is to summarise the state of the art regarding the use of APDs. We also used the results of our survey and our tests to develop a set of recommendations for the use of APDs in the clinical interventional radiology/cardiology settings, and draw attention to some of the current challenges.",
journal = "Physica Medica",
title = "Recommendations for the use of active personal dosemeters (APDs) in interventional workplaces in hospitals",
volume = "87",
pages = "131-135",
doi = "10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.05.015"
}

O’Connor, U. M., Carinou, E., Clairand, I., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., de Monte, F., Domienik-Andrzejewska, J., Ferrari, P., Ginjaume, M., Hršak, H., Hupe, O., Knežević, Ž., Sans Merce, M., Sarmento, S., Siiskonen, T.,& Vanhavere, F.. (2021). Recommendations for the use of active personal dosemeters (APDs) in interventional workplaces in hospitals. in Physica Medica, 87, 131-135.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.05.015

O’Connor UM, Carinou E, Clairand I, Ciraj-Bjelac O, de Monte F, Domienik-Andrzejewska J, Ferrari P, Ginjaume M, Hršak H, Hupe O, Knežević Ž, Sans Merce M, Sarmento S, Siiskonen T, Vanhavere F. Recommendations for the use of active personal dosemeters (APDs) in interventional workplaces in hospitals. in Physica Medica. 2021;87:131-135.
doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.05.015 .

O’Connor, Una M., Carinou, Eleftheria, Clairand, Isabelle, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, de Monte, Francesca, Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna, Ferrari, Paolo, Ginjaume, Merce, Hršak, Hrvoje, Hupe, Oliver, Knežević, Željka, Sans Merce, Marta, Sarmento, Sandra, Siiskonen, Teemu, Vanhavere, Filip, "Recommendations for the use of active personal dosemeters (APDs) in interventional workplaces in hospitals" in Physica Medica, 87 (2021):131-135,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.05.015 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vanhavere, Filip
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Clairand, Isabelle
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - De Monte, F
AU  - Domienik-Andrzejewska, J
AU  - Ferrari, P
AU  - Ginjaume, M
AU  - Hršak, Hrvoje
AU  - Hupe, O
AU  - Knežević, Željka
AU  - O’Connor, U
AU  - Merce, M Sans
AU  - Sarmento, S
AU  - Savary, A
AU  - Siskoonen, T
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9051
AB  - Medical staff in interventional procedures are among the professionals with the highest occupational doses. Active personal dosemeters (APDs) can help in optimizing the exposure during interventional procedures. However, there can be problems when using APDs during interventional procedures, due to the specific energy and angular distribution of the radiation field and because of the pulsed nature of the radiation. Many parameters like the type of interventional procedure, personal habits and working techniques, protection tools used and X-ray field characteristics influence the occupational exposure and the scattered radiation around the patient. In this paper, we compare the results from three types of APDs with a passive personal dosimetry system while being used in real clinical environment by the interventional staff. The results show that there is a large spread in the ratios of the passive and active devices.
T2  - Radiation Protection Dosimetry
T1  - The use of active personal dosemeters in interventional workplaces in hospitals: comparison between active and passive dosemeters worn simultaneously by medical staff
VL  - 188
IS  - 1
SP  - 22
EP  - 29
DO  - 10.1093/rpd/ncz253
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Vanhavere, Filip and Carinou, Eleftheria and Clairand, Isabelle and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and De Monte, F and Domienik-Andrzejewska, J and Ferrari, P and Ginjaume, M and Hršak, Hrvoje and Hupe, O and Knežević, Željka and O’Connor, U and Merce, M Sans and Sarmento, S and Savary, A and Siskoonen, T",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Medical staff in interventional procedures are among the professionals with the highest occupational doses. Active personal dosemeters (APDs) can help in optimizing the exposure during interventional procedures. However, there can be problems when using APDs during interventional procedures, due to the specific energy and angular distribution of the radiation field and because of the pulsed nature of the radiation. Many parameters like the type of interventional procedure, personal habits and working techniques, protection tools used and X-ray field characteristics influence the occupational exposure and the scattered radiation around the patient. In this paper, we compare the results from three types of APDs with a passive personal dosimetry system while being used in real clinical environment by the interventional staff. The results show that there is a large spread in the ratios of the passive and active devices.",
journal = "Radiation Protection Dosimetry",
title = "The use of active personal dosemeters in interventional workplaces in hospitals: comparison between active and passive dosemeters worn simultaneously by medical staff",
volume = "188",
number = "1",
pages = "22-29",
doi = "10.1093/rpd/ncz253"
}

Vanhavere, F., Carinou, E., Clairand, I., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., De Monte, F., Domienik-Andrzejewska, J., Ferrari, P., Ginjaume, M., Hršak, H., Hupe, O., Knežević, Ž., O’Connor, U., Merce, M. S., Sarmento, S., Savary, A.,& Siskoonen, T.. (2020). The use of active personal dosemeters in interventional workplaces in hospitals: comparison between active and passive dosemeters worn simultaneously by medical staff. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 188(1), 22-29.
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz253

Vanhavere F, Carinou E, Clairand I, Ciraj-Bjelac O, De Monte F, Domienik-Andrzejewska J, Ferrari P, Ginjaume M, Hršak H, Hupe O, Knežević Ž, O’Connor U, Merce MS, Sarmento S, Savary A, Siskoonen T. The use of active personal dosemeters in interventional workplaces in hospitals: comparison between active and passive dosemeters worn simultaneously by medical staff. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2020;188(1):22-29.
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncz253 .

Vanhavere, Filip, Carinou, Eleftheria, Clairand, Isabelle, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, De Monte, F, Domienik-Andrzejewska, J, Ferrari, P, Ginjaume, M, Hršak, Hrvoje, Hupe, O, Knežević, Željka, O’Connor, U, Merce, M Sans, Sarmento, S, Savary, A, Siskoonen, T, "The use of active personal dosemeters in interventional workplaces in hospitals: comparison between active and passive dosemeters worn simultaneously by medical staff" in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 188, no. 1 (2020):22-29,
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz253 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Vanhavere, Filip
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7732
AB  - Considering that occupational exposure in medicine is a matter of growing concern, active personal dosimeters (APDs) are also increasingly being used in different fields of application of ionising radiation in medicine. An extensive survey to collect relevant information regarding the use of APDs in medical imaging applications of ionising radiation was organised by the EURADOS (European Radiation Dosimetry Group) Working Group 12. The objective was to collect data about the use of APDs and to identify the basic problems in the use of APDs in hospitals. APDs are most frequently used in interventional radiology and cardiology departments (54%), in nuclear medicine (29%), and in radiotherapy (12%). Most types of APDs use silicon diodes as the detector; however, in many cases their calibration is not given proper attention, as radiation beam qualities in which they are calibrated differ significantly from those in which they are actually used. The survey revealed problems related to the use of APDs, including their reliability in pulsed x-ray fields that are widely used in hospitals. Guidance from regulatory authorities and professional organisations on the testing and calibration of APDs used in hospital would likely improve the situation.
T2  - Journal of Radiological Protection
T1  - Use of active personal dosimeters in hospitals: EURADOS survey
VL  - 38
IS  - 2
SP  - 702
EP  - 715
DO  - 10.1088/1361-6498/aabce1
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Carinou, Eleftheria and Vanhavere, Filip",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Considering that occupational exposure in medicine is a matter of growing concern, active personal dosimeters (APDs) are also increasingly being used in different fields of application of ionising radiation in medicine. An extensive survey to collect relevant information regarding the use of APDs in medical imaging applications of ionising radiation was organised by the EURADOS (European Radiation Dosimetry Group) Working Group 12. The objective was to collect data about the use of APDs and to identify the basic problems in the use of APDs in hospitals. APDs are most frequently used in interventional radiology and cardiology departments (54%), in nuclear medicine (29%), and in radiotherapy (12%). Most types of APDs use silicon diodes as the detector; however, in many cases their calibration is not given proper attention, as radiation beam qualities in which they are calibrated differ significantly from those in which they are actually used. The survey revealed problems related to the use of APDs, including their reliability in pulsed x-ray fields that are widely used in hospitals. Guidance from regulatory authorities and professional organisations on the testing and calibration of APDs used in hospital would likely improve the situation.",
journal = "Journal of Radiological Protection",
title = "Use of active personal dosimeters in hospitals: EURADOS survey",
volume = "38",
number = "2",
pages = "702-715",
doi = "10.1088/1361-6498/aabce1"
}

Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Carinou, E.,& Vanhavere, F.. (2018). Use of active personal dosimeters in hospitals: EURADOS survey. in Journal of Radiological Protection, 38(2), 702-715.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/aabce1

Ciraj-Bjelac O, Carinou E, Vanhavere F. Use of active personal dosimeters in hospitals: EURADOS survey. in Journal of Radiological Protection. 2018;38(2):702-715.
doi:10.1088/1361-6498/aabce1 .

Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Carinou, Eleftheria, Vanhavere, Filip, "Use of active personal dosimeters in hospitals: EURADOS survey" in Journal of Radiological Protection, 38, no. 2 (2018):702-715,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/aabce1 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dabin, Jeremie
AU  - Negri, A.
AU  - Farah, Jad
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Clairand, Isabelle
AU  - De Angelis, C.
AU  - Domienik, Joanna
AU  - Jarvinen, Hannu
AU  - Kopec, R.
AU  - Majer, Marija
AU  - Malchair, Francoise
AU  - Novak, L.
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Vanhavere, Filip
AU  - Trianni, A.
AU  - Knežević, Željka
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/860
AB  - Purpose: Point detectors are frequently used to measure patients maximum skin dose (MSD) in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures (IP). However, their performance and ability to detect the actual MSD are rarely evaluated. The present study investigates the sampling uncertainty associated with the use of grids of point detectors to measure MSD in IP. Method: Chemoembolisation of the liver (CE), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and neuroembolisation (NE) procedures were studied. Spatial dose distributions were measured with XR-RV3 Gafchromic (R) films for 176 procedures. These distributions were used to simulate measurements performed using grids of detectors such as thermoluminescence detectors, with detector spacing from 1.4 up to 10 cm. Results: The sampling uncertainty was the highest in PCI and NE procedures. With 40 detectors covering the film area (36 cm x 44 cm), the maximum dose would be on average 86% and 63% of the MSD measured with Gafchromic (R) films in CE and PCI procedures, respectively. In NE procedures, with 27 detectors covering the film area (14 cm x 35 cm), the maximum dose measured would be on average 82% of the MSD obtained with the Gafchromic (R) films. Conclusion: Thermoluminescence detectors show good energy and dose response in clinical beam qualities. However the poor spatial resolution of such point-like dosimeters may far outweigh their good dosimetric properties. The uncertainty from the sampling procedure should be estimated when point detectors are used in IP because it may lead to strong underestimation of the MSD. (C) 2015 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Physica Medica
T1  - Characterisation of grids of point detectors in maximum skin dose measurement in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures
VL  - 31
IS  - 8
SP  - 1112
EP  - 1117
DO  - 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.08.006
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Dabin, Jeremie and Negri, A. and Farah, Jad and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Clairand, Isabelle and De Angelis, C. and Domienik, Joanna and Jarvinen, Hannu and Kopec, R. and Majer, Marija and Malchair, Francoise and Novak, L. and Siiskonen, Teemu and Vanhavere, Filip and Trianni, A. and Knežević, Željka",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Purpose: Point detectors are frequently used to measure patients maximum skin dose (MSD) in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures (IP). However, their performance and ability to detect the actual MSD are rarely evaluated. The present study investigates the sampling uncertainty associated with the use of grids of point detectors to measure MSD in IP. Method: Chemoembolisation of the liver (CE), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and neuroembolisation (NE) procedures were studied. Spatial dose distributions were measured with XR-RV3 Gafchromic (R) films for 176 procedures. These distributions were used to simulate measurements performed using grids of detectors such as thermoluminescence detectors, with detector spacing from 1.4 up to 10 cm. Results: The sampling uncertainty was the highest in PCI and NE procedures. With 40 detectors covering the film area (36 cm x 44 cm), the maximum dose would be on average 86% and 63% of the MSD measured with Gafchromic (R) films in CE and PCI procedures, respectively. In NE procedures, with 27 detectors covering the film area (14 cm x 35 cm), the maximum dose measured would be on average 82% of the MSD obtained with the Gafchromic (R) films. Conclusion: Thermoluminescence detectors show good energy and dose response in clinical beam qualities. However the poor spatial resolution of such point-like dosimeters may far outweigh their good dosimetric properties. The uncertainty from the sampling procedure should be estimated when point detectors are used in IP because it may lead to strong underestimation of the MSD. (C) 2015 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Physica Medica",
title = "Characterisation of grids of point detectors in maximum skin dose measurement in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures",
volume = "31",
number = "8",
pages = "1112-1117",
doi = "10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.08.006"
}

Dabin, J., Negri, A., Farah, J., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Clairand, I., De Angelis, C., Domienik, J., Jarvinen, H., Kopec, R., Majer, M., Malchair, F., Novak, L., Siiskonen, T., Vanhavere, F., Trianni, A.,& Knežević, Ž.. (2015). Characterisation of grids of point detectors in maximum skin dose measurement in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures. in Physica Medica
Elsevier., 31(8), 1112-1117.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.08.006

Dabin J, Negri A, Farah J, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Clairand I, De Angelis C, Domienik J, Jarvinen H, Kopec R, Majer M, Malchair F, Novak L, Siiskonen T, Vanhavere F, Trianni A, Knežević Ž. Characterisation of grids of point detectors in maximum skin dose measurement in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures. in Physica Medica. 2015;31(8):1112-1117.
doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.08.006 .

Dabin, Jeremie, Negri, A., Farah, Jad, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Clairand, Isabelle, De Angelis, C., Domienik, Joanna, Jarvinen, Hannu, Kopec, R., Majer, Marija, Malchair, Francoise, Novak, L., Siiskonen, Teemu, Vanhavere, Filip, Trianni, A., Knežević, Željka, "Characterisation of grids of point detectors in maximum skin dose measurement in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures" in Physica Medica, 31, no. 8 (2015):1112-1117,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.08.006 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farah, Jad
AU  - Trianni, A.
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Clairand, Isabelle
AU  - Dabin, Jeremie
AU  - De Angelis, C.
AU  - Domienik, Joanna
AU  - Jarvinen, Hannu
AU  - Kopec, R.
AU  - Majer, Marija
AU  - Malchair, Francoise
AU  - Negri, A.
AU  - Novak, L.
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Vanhavere, Filip
AU  - Knežević, Željka
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7068
AB  - To help operators acknowledge patient dose during interventional procedures, EURADOS WG-12 focused on measuring patient skin dose using XR-RV3 gafchromic films, thermoluminescent detector (TLD) pellets or 2D TL foils and on investigating possible correlation to the on-line dose indicators such as fluoroscopy time, Kerma-area product (KAP) and cumulative air Kerma at reference point (CK). The study aims at defining non-centre-specific European alert thresholds for skin dose in three interventional procedures: chemoembolization of the liver (CE), neuroembolization (NE) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Skin dose values of GT 3 Gy (ICRP threshold for skin injuries) were indeed measured in these procedures confirming the need for dose indicators that correlate with maximum skin dose (MSD). However, although MSD showed fairly good correlation with KAP and CK, several limitations were identified challenging the set-up of non-centre-specific European alert thresholds. This paper presents preliminary results of this wide European measurement campaign and focuses on the main challenges in the definition of European alert thresholds.
T2  - Radiation Protection Dosimetry
T1  - Measurement of maximum skin dose in interventional radiology and cardiology and challenges in the set-up of European alert thresholds
VL  - 164
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 138
EP  - 142
DO  - 10.1093/rpd/ncu314
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Farah, Jad and Trianni, A. and Carinou, Eleftheria and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Clairand, Isabelle and Dabin, Jeremie and De Angelis, C. and Domienik, Joanna and Jarvinen, Hannu and Kopec, R. and Majer, Marija and Malchair, Francoise and Negri, A. and Novak, L. and Siiskonen, Teemu and Vanhavere, Filip and Knežević, Željka",
year = "2015",
abstract = "To help operators acknowledge patient dose during interventional procedures, EURADOS WG-12 focused on measuring patient skin dose using XR-RV3 gafchromic films, thermoluminescent detector (TLD) pellets or 2D TL foils and on investigating possible correlation to the on-line dose indicators such as fluoroscopy time, Kerma-area product (KAP) and cumulative air Kerma at reference point (CK). The study aims at defining non-centre-specific European alert thresholds for skin dose in three interventional procedures: chemoembolization of the liver (CE), neuroembolization (NE) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Skin dose values of GT 3 Gy (ICRP threshold for skin injuries) were indeed measured in these procedures confirming the need for dose indicators that correlate with maximum skin dose (MSD). However, although MSD showed fairly good correlation with KAP and CK, several limitations were identified challenging the set-up of non-centre-specific European alert thresholds. This paper presents preliminary results of this wide European measurement campaign and focuses on the main challenges in the definition of European alert thresholds.",
journal = "Radiation Protection Dosimetry",
title = "Measurement of maximum skin dose in interventional radiology and cardiology and challenges in the set-up of European alert thresholds",
volume = "164",
number = "1-2",
pages = "138-142",
doi = "10.1093/rpd/ncu314"
}

Farah, J., Trianni, A., Carinou, E., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Clairand, I., Dabin, J., De Angelis, C., Domienik, J., Jarvinen, H., Kopec, R., Majer, M., Malchair, F., Negri, A., Novak, L., Siiskonen, T., Vanhavere, F.,& Knežević, Ž.. (2015). Measurement of maximum skin dose in interventional radiology and cardiology and challenges in the set-up of European alert thresholds. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 164(1-2), 138-142.
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu314

Farah J, Trianni A, Carinou E, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Clairand I, Dabin J, De Angelis C, Domienik J, Jarvinen H, Kopec R, Majer M, Malchair F, Negri A, Novak L, Siiskonen T, Vanhavere F, Knežević Ž. Measurement of maximum skin dose in interventional radiology and cardiology and challenges in the set-up of European alert thresholds. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2015;164(1-2):138-142.
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu314 .

Farah, Jad, Trianni, A., Carinou, Eleftheria, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Clairand, Isabelle, Dabin, Jeremie, De Angelis, C., Domienik, Joanna, Jarvinen, Hannu, Kopec, R., Majer, Marija, Malchair, Francoise, Negri, A., Novak, L., Siiskonen, Teemu, Vanhavere, Filip, Knežević, Željka, "Measurement of maximum skin dose in interventional radiology and cardiology and challenges in the set-up of European alert thresholds" in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 164, no. 1-2 (2015):138-142,
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu314 . .