TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alves, João G.
AU  - Caldeira, Margarida C.
AU  - Röttger, Annette
AU  - Khanbabaee, Behnam
AU  - Adam-Guillermin, Christelle
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Živanović, Miloš
AU  - Šabeta, Amra
AU  - Glavič-Cindro, Denis
PY  - 2024
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/12911
AB  - The European Association of National Metrology Institutes (EURAMET) within its research programme European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) funded project EMPIR 19NET03 supportBSS that contributes to the establishment of a European Metrology Network (EMN) for Radiation Protection (RP). The EMN-RP was established in September 2021 with the intent to work as a meeting point for the metrology community and all stakeholders in the field of ionising radiation regulation, thus providing quality assurance for measurements in each of the exposure situations contemplated in the European Legislation. Within project EMPIR 19NET03, work package 3 aims at the preparation of a Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) by identifying the metrology needs to support the European legislation and regulation in Radiation Protection and of two Roadmaps for metrology services, one under the European Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM and the other under the EURATOM Treaty. Following a Gaps Workshop held in September 2020 and a second internal workshop that took place in April 2022, a questionnaire was prepared for distribution to the stakeholders, e.g. RP platforms and authorities, academia, industry, among other, together with an accompanying paper. In this paper, the authors present the state of the art of European legislation in RP, address the importance of metrology, the practices and activities that need metrology to meet the requirements set in the regulations, emphasise the need for quality assured measurements in all fields, highlight the stakeholders contributions in their specific area and show their vision of the EMN-RP.
T2  - Radiation Protection Dosimetry
T1  - Metrology supporting the European regulation for radiation protection
VL  - 200
IS  - 2
SP  - 155
EP  - 163
DO  - 10.1093/rpd/ncad289
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Alves, João G. and Caldeira, Margarida C. and Röttger, Annette and Khanbabaee, Behnam and Adam-Guillermin, Christelle and Siiskonen, Teemu and Živanović, Miloš and Šabeta, Amra and Glavič-Cindro, Denis",
year = "2024",
abstract = "The European Association of National Metrology Institutes (EURAMET) within its research programme European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) funded project EMPIR 19NET03 supportBSS that contributes to the establishment of a European Metrology Network (EMN) for Radiation Protection (RP). The EMN-RP was established in September 2021 with the intent to work as a meeting point for the metrology community and all stakeholders in the field of ionising radiation regulation, thus providing quality assurance for measurements in each of the exposure situations contemplated in the European Legislation. Within project EMPIR 19NET03, work package 3 aims at the preparation of a Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) by identifying the metrology needs to support the European legislation and regulation in Radiation Protection and of two Roadmaps for metrology services, one under the European Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM and the other under the EURATOM Treaty. Following a Gaps Workshop held in September 2020 and a second internal workshop that took place in April 2022, a questionnaire was prepared for distribution to the stakeholders, e.g. RP platforms and authorities, academia, industry, among other, together with an accompanying paper. In this paper, the authors present the state of the art of European legislation in RP, address the importance of metrology, the practices and activities that need metrology to meet the requirements set in the regulations, emphasise the need for quality assured measurements in all fields, highlight the stakeholders contributions in their specific area and show their vision of the EMN-RP.",
journal = "Radiation Protection Dosimetry",
title = "Metrology supporting the European regulation for radiation protection",
volume = "200",
number = "2",
pages = "155-163",
doi = "10.1093/rpd/ncad289"
}

Alves, J. G., Caldeira, M. C., Röttger, A., Khanbabaee, B., Adam-Guillermin, C., Siiskonen, T., Živanović, M., Šabeta, A.,& Glavič-Cindro, D.. (2024). Metrology supporting the European regulation for radiation protection. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 200(2), 155-163.
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncad289

Alves JG, Caldeira MC, Röttger A, Khanbabaee B, Adam-Guillermin C, Siiskonen T, Živanović M, Šabeta A, Glavič-Cindro D. Metrology supporting the European regulation for radiation protection. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2024;200(2):155-163.
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncad289 .

Alves, João G., Caldeira, Margarida C., Röttger, Annette, Khanbabaee, Behnam, Adam-Guillermin, Christelle, Siiskonen, Teemu, Živanović, Miloš, Šabeta, Amra, Glavič-Cindro, Denis, "Metrology supporting the European regulation for radiation protection" in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 200, no. 2 (2024):155-163,
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncad289 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Zutz, Hayo
AU  - Ketelhut, Steffen
AU  - Hupe, Oliver
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Boziari, Argyro
AU  - Caldeira, Margarida
AU  - Živanović, Miloš
AU  - Kržanović, Nikola
AU  - Van Hoey, Olivier
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/11841
AB  - Purpose: The recent update of the ISO 4037, in conjunction with the new radiation protection quantities introduced in ICRU Report 95, present significant challenges to calibration laboratories and industry. Furthermore, there is a need to address gaps and conflicts between standards that set requirements for photon dosimeters, and to incorporate upcoming and new technologies into standardization. Materials and Methods: The European Partnership Project 23NRM07 GuideRadPROS started in June 2023 and will address these issues in the next three years. The objectives are: • to develop harmonized X-ray spectrometry in accordance with the ISO 4037 standard series, evaluate discrepancies between measured and calculated half value layer of X-ray spectra, and produce data to update requirements for reference X-ray fields. • to develop guidance for the calibration of dosimeters. • to produce guidance on validated procedures for harmonized type testing based on IEC standards. • to assess future standardization needs and to produce a guidance document for the implementation of the new operational quantities of ICRU Report 95 into standards and regulations. • to collaborate with ISO and IEC and users of their dosimetry standards to ensure that project outputs align with their needs. Results: The outcome of this project will lead to improved and comparable procedures in calibration and type testing within Europe. Furthermore, the evaluation of the impact of the ICRU Report 95 quantities will allow for an informed realization of calibration fields. Conclusions: GuideRadPROS will improve the confidence in radiation protection dosimetry, both via the promotion of the implementation of the ISO 4037 standard series, and via the assessment of the impact of the ICRU Report 95 operational quantities on daily measurements in radiation protection.
C3  - ERPW 2023 - European Radiation Protection Week : Programme and Book of Abstracts
T1  - GuideRadPROS: Updating the basis of radiation protection dosimetry by harmonization, update and implementation of standards
SP  - 52
EP  - 52
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11841
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Zutz, Hayo and Ketelhut, Steffen and Hupe, Oliver and Siiskonen, Teemu and Boziari, Argyro and Caldeira, Margarida and Živanović, Miloš and Kržanović, Nikola and Van Hoey, Olivier",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Purpose: The recent update of the ISO 4037, in conjunction with the new radiation protection quantities introduced in ICRU Report 95, present significant challenges to calibration laboratories and industry. Furthermore, there is a need to address gaps and conflicts between standards that set requirements for photon dosimeters, and to incorporate upcoming and new technologies into standardization. Materials and Methods: The European Partnership Project 23NRM07 GuideRadPROS started in June 2023 and will address these issues in the next three years. The objectives are: • to develop harmonized X-ray spectrometry in accordance with the ISO 4037 standard series, evaluate discrepancies between measured and calculated half value layer of X-ray spectra, and produce data to update requirements for reference X-ray fields. • to develop guidance for the calibration of dosimeters. • to produce guidance on validated procedures for harmonized type testing based on IEC standards. • to assess future standardization needs and to produce a guidance document for the implementation of the new operational quantities of ICRU Report 95 into standards and regulations. • to collaborate with ISO and IEC and users of their dosimetry standards to ensure that project outputs align with their needs. Results: The outcome of this project will lead to improved and comparable procedures in calibration and type testing within Europe. Furthermore, the evaluation of the impact of the ICRU Report 95 quantities will allow for an informed realization of calibration fields. Conclusions: GuideRadPROS will improve the confidence in radiation protection dosimetry, both via the promotion of the implementation of the ISO 4037 standard series, and via the assessment of the impact of the ICRU Report 95 operational quantities on daily measurements in radiation protection.",
journal = "ERPW 2023 - European Radiation Protection Week : Programme and Book of Abstracts",
title = "GuideRadPROS: Updating the basis of radiation protection dosimetry by harmonization, update and implementation of standards",
pages = "52-52",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11841"
}

Zutz, H., Ketelhut, S., Hupe, O., Siiskonen, T., Boziari, A., Caldeira, M., Živanović, M., Kržanović, N.,& Van Hoey, O.. (2023). GuideRadPROS: Updating the basis of radiation protection dosimetry by harmonization, update and implementation of standards. in ERPW 2023 - European Radiation Protection Week : Programme and Book of Abstracts, 52-52.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11841

Zutz H, Ketelhut S, Hupe O, Siiskonen T, Boziari A, Caldeira M, Živanović M, Kržanović N, Van Hoey O. GuideRadPROS: Updating the basis of radiation protection dosimetry by harmonization, update and implementation of standards. in ERPW 2023 - European Radiation Protection Week : Programme and Book of Abstracts. 2023;:52-52.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11841 .

Zutz, Hayo, Ketelhut, Steffen, Hupe, Oliver, Siiskonen, Teemu, Boziari, Argyro, Caldeira, Margarida, Živanović, Miloš, Kržanović, Nikola, Van Hoey, Olivier, "GuideRadPROS: Updating the basis of radiation protection dosimetry by harmonization, update and implementation of standards" in ERPW 2023 - European Radiation Protection Week : Programme and Book of Abstracts (2023):52-52,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11841 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Ketelhut, Steffen
AU  - Zutz, Hayo
AU  - Hupe, Oliver
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Boziari, Argiro
AU  - Živanović, Miloš
AU  - Kržanović, Nikola
AU  - Van Hoey, Olivier
AU  - Šabeta, Amra
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/11951
AB  - Introduction
Calibration laboratories and industrial enterprises involved in radiation protection dosimetry face significant
challenges following the recent update of the ISO 4037 in conjunction with the new radiation protection
quantities introduced in ICRU Report 95, the gaps and contradictions in the standards that set photon
dosimeter requirements, and the lack of standards for upcoming and new technologies.
Methods
The European Partnership Project 23NRM07 GuideRadPROS launched in June 2023 will address these issues
over the next three years. The project objectives are:
1. to develop harmonized X-ray spectrometry in accordance with the ISO 4037 standard series, evaluate
discrepancies between measured and calculated half value layer of X-ray spectra, and produce data to update
requirements for reference fields.
2. to develop guidance and training material for the calibration of dosimeters.
3. to produce guidance on validated procedures for harmonized type testing based on IEC standards.
4. to investigate new and upcoming technologies and assess future standardization needs and to produce a
guidance document for the implementation of the new operational quantities of ICRU Report 95 into standards
and regulations.
5. to collaborate with ISO and IEC and users of their dosimetry standards to ensure that project outputs align
with their needs.
Results and Conclusions
GuideRadPROS will improve the confidence in radiation protection dosimetry, both by promoting the
implementation of the ISO 4037 standard series and by assessing the impact of the operational quantities of
the ICRU Report 95 on daily measurements in radiation protection. Furthermore, the outcome of this project will
lead to improved and comparable procedures in calibration and type testing within Europe
C3  - ICDA-4 : 4th International Conference on Dosimetry and its Applications : Book of abstracts
T1  - Improving standardization in radiation protection dosimetry and supporting reference laboratories in the European Partnership Project GuideRadPROS
SP  - 203
EP  - 203
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11951
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Ketelhut, Steffen and Zutz, Hayo and Hupe, Oliver and Siiskonen, Teemu and Boziari, Argiro and Živanović, Miloš and Kržanović, Nikola and Van Hoey, Olivier and Šabeta, Amra",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Introduction
Calibration laboratories and industrial enterprises involved in radiation protection dosimetry face significant
challenges following the recent update of the ISO 4037 in conjunction with the new radiation protection
quantities introduced in ICRU Report 95, the gaps and contradictions in the standards that set photon
dosimeter requirements, and the lack of standards for upcoming and new technologies.
Methods
The European Partnership Project 23NRM07 GuideRadPROS launched in June 2023 will address these issues
over the next three years. The project objectives are:
1. to develop harmonized X-ray spectrometry in accordance with the ISO 4037 standard series, evaluate
discrepancies between measured and calculated half value layer of X-ray spectra, and produce data to update
requirements for reference fields.
2. to develop guidance and training material for the calibration of dosimeters.
3. to produce guidance on validated procedures for harmonized type testing based on IEC standards.
4. to investigate new and upcoming technologies and assess future standardization needs and to produce a
guidance document for the implementation of the new operational quantities of ICRU Report 95 into standards
and regulations.
5. to collaborate with ISO and IEC and users of their dosimetry standards to ensure that project outputs align
with their needs.
Results and Conclusions
GuideRadPROS will improve the confidence in radiation protection dosimetry, both by promoting the
implementation of the ISO 4037 standard series and by assessing the impact of the operational quantities of
the ICRU Report 95 on daily measurements in radiation protection. Furthermore, the outcome of this project will
lead to improved and comparable procedures in calibration and type testing within Europe",
journal = "ICDA-4 : 4th International Conference on Dosimetry and its Applications : Book of abstracts",
title = "Improving standardization in radiation protection dosimetry and supporting reference laboratories in the European Partnership Project GuideRadPROS",
pages = "203-203",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11951"
}

Ketelhut, S., Zutz, H., Hupe, O., Siiskonen, T., Boziari, A., Živanović, M., Kržanović, N., Van Hoey, O.,& Šabeta, A.. (2023). Improving standardization in radiation protection dosimetry and supporting reference laboratories in the European Partnership Project GuideRadPROS. in ICDA-4 : 4th International Conference on Dosimetry and its Applications : Book of abstracts, 203-203.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11951

Ketelhut S, Zutz H, Hupe O, Siiskonen T, Boziari A, Živanović M, Kržanović N, Van Hoey O, Šabeta A. Improving standardization in radiation protection dosimetry and supporting reference laboratories in the European Partnership Project GuideRadPROS. in ICDA-4 : 4th International Conference on Dosimetry and its Applications : Book of abstracts. 2023;:203-203.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11951 .

Ketelhut, Steffen, Zutz, Hayo, Hupe, Oliver, Siiskonen, Teemu, Boziari, Argiro, Živanović, Miloš, Kržanović, Nikola, Van Hoey, Olivier, Šabeta, Amra, "Improving standardization in radiation protection dosimetry and supporting reference laboratories in the European Partnership Project GuideRadPROS" in ICDA-4 : 4th International Conference on Dosimetry and its Applications : Book of abstracts (2023):203-203,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_11951 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Božović, Predrag
AU  - Kržanović, Nikola
AU  - Živanović, Miloš
AU  - Kojić, Andrea
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Blideanu, Valentin
AU  - Reetta, Nylund
AU  - Schettino, Giuseppe
AU  - Toroi, Paula
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/11115
AB  - Due to constant development in radiodiagnostic and radiotherapy procedures with increasing complexity, a need for high-level coordination of the ionizing radiation metrology community was recognized to better respond to the needs of end users. In order to facilitate knowledge dissemination and improve communication between stakeholders involved in medical applications of ionizing radiation, a Joint Network Project was started in 2020. One of the specific objectives of Work Package 2 of the project 19NET04 MIRA, “Support for a European Metrology Network on the medical use of ionizing radiation” is to support the developing states, ensuring that the planned EMN is inclusive through improvements in the medical use of ionizing radiation [1]. Czech Republic, Romania and Serbia were defined as countries of interest to conduct the survey and collect relevant data from stakeholders in the category of medical staff and professionals, so that the potential for improvement for medical applications of ionizing radiation can be evaluated. For the purpose of data collection, an online questionnaire was prepared and distributed to the stakeholders. The questionnaire was structured in such a way to allow easier collection of information regarding availability of (1) calibration services; (2) documented technical protocols; (3) standard documentation in the establishments for different ionizing radiation applications. Implementation of a Quality assurance (QA) programme was investigated, as well as the consistency in realization of proficiency testing (PT) or audits. The stakeholders were asked if additional workshops or training programmes are needed in their area of expertise. The radiodiagnostic modalities included in the questionnaire were the general radiography, mammography, computed tomography and interventional procedures, while radiotherapy modalities included external beam radiotherapy (teletherapy) and brachytherapy. Although nuclear medicine (therapy and diagnostic) procedures were part of the questionnaire, none of the respondents have capabilities for these applications. Based on the information collected via the online questionnaire, calibration services are available for most of the modalities, except for brachytherapy where traceability is not established. QA and PT are regularly performed in radiotherapy, while it is not the case in radiodiagnostic modalities. Improvement in knowledge transfer is needed for all of the applications investigated. Considering the acquired information, there is a clear need for EMN to support knowledge transfer, communication and technical exchange between the metrology community and the stakeholders involved in the medical applications of ionizing radiation. The forthcoming European Metrology Network will further elaborate the knowledge dissemination and stakeholder dialogue through its stakeholder panels and joint training efforts
PB  - RAD Centre, Niš, Serbia
C3  - RAD 2022 : 10th Jubilee International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research : book of abstracts; June 13-17; Herceg Novi, Montenegro
T1  - Investigation on the potential of improvement in the field of medical applications of ionizing radiation via the future European Metrology Network
SP  - 78
DO  - 10.21175/rad.spr.abstr.book.2022.19.4
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Božović, Predrag and Kržanović, Nikola and Živanović, Miloš and Kojić, Andrea and Siiskonen, Teemu and Blideanu, Valentin and Reetta, Nylund and Schettino, Giuseppe and Toroi, Paula",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Due to constant development in radiodiagnostic and radiotherapy procedures with increasing complexity, a need for high-level coordination of the ionizing radiation metrology community was recognized to better respond to the needs of end users. In order to facilitate knowledge dissemination and improve communication between stakeholders involved in medical applications of ionizing radiation, a Joint Network Project was started in 2020. One of the specific objectives of Work Package 2 of the project 19NET04 MIRA, “Support for a European Metrology Network on the medical use of ionizing radiation” is to support the developing states, ensuring that the planned EMN is inclusive through improvements in the medical use of ionizing radiation [1]. Czech Republic, Romania and Serbia were defined as countries of interest to conduct the survey and collect relevant data from stakeholders in the category of medical staff and professionals, so that the potential for improvement for medical applications of ionizing radiation can be evaluated. For the purpose of data collection, an online questionnaire was prepared and distributed to the stakeholders. The questionnaire was structured in such a way to allow easier collection of information regarding availability of (1) calibration services; (2) documented technical protocols; (3) standard documentation in the establishments for different ionizing radiation applications. Implementation of a Quality assurance (QA) programme was investigated, as well as the consistency in realization of proficiency testing (PT) or audits. The stakeholders were asked if additional workshops or training programmes are needed in their area of expertise. The radiodiagnostic modalities included in the questionnaire were the general radiography, mammography, computed tomography and interventional procedures, while radiotherapy modalities included external beam radiotherapy (teletherapy) and brachytherapy. Although nuclear medicine (therapy and diagnostic) procedures were part of the questionnaire, none of the respondents have capabilities for these applications. Based on the information collected via the online questionnaire, calibration services are available for most of the modalities, except for brachytherapy where traceability is not established. QA and PT are regularly performed in radiotherapy, while it is not the case in radiodiagnostic modalities. Improvement in knowledge transfer is needed for all of the applications investigated. Considering the acquired information, there is a clear need for EMN to support knowledge transfer, communication and technical exchange between the metrology community and the stakeholders involved in the medical applications of ionizing radiation. The forthcoming European Metrology Network will further elaborate the knowledge dissemination and stakeholder dialogue through its stakeholder panels and joint training efforts",
publisher = "RAD Centre, Niš, Serbia",
journal = "RAD 2022 : 10th Jubilee International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research : book of abstracts; June 13-17; Herceg Novi, Montenegro",
title = "Investigation on the potential of improvement in the field of medical applications of ionizing radiation via the future European Metrology Network",
pages = "78",
doi = "10.21175/rad.spr.abstr.book.2022.19.4"
}

Božović, P., Kržanović, N., Živanović, M., Kojić, A., Siiskonen, T., Blideanu, V., Reetta, N., Schettino, G.,& Toroi, P.. (2022). Investigation on the potential of improvement in the field of medical applications of ionizing radiation via the future European Metrology Network. in RAD 2022 : 10th Jubilee International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research : book of abstracts; June 13-17; Herceg Novi, Montenegro
RAD Centre, Niš, Serbia., 78.
https://doi.org/10.21175/rad.spr.abstr.book.2022.19.4

Božović P, Kržanović N, Živanović M, Kojić A, Siiskonen T, Blideanu V, Reetta N, Schettino G, Toroi P. Investigation on the potential of improvement in the field of medical applications of ionizing radiation via the future European Metrology Network. in RAD 2022 : 10th Jubilee International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research : book of abstracts; June 13-17; Herceg Novi, Montenegro. 2022;:78.
doi:10.21175/rad.spr.abstr.book.2022.19.4 .

Božović, Predrag, Kržanović, Nikola, Živanović, Miloš, Kojić, Andrea, Siiskonen, Teemu, Blideanu, Valentin, Reetta, Nylund, Schettino, Giuseppe, Toroi, Paula, "Investigation on the potential of improvement in the field of medical applications of ionizing radiation via the future European Metrology Network" in RAD 2022 : 10th Jubilee International Conference on Radiation in Various Fields of Research : book of abstracts; June 13-17; Herceg Novi, Montenegro (2022):78,
https://doi.org/10.21175/rad.spr.abstr.book.2022.19.4 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - O’Connor, Una M.
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Clairand, Isabelle
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - de Monte, Francesca
AU  - Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna
AU  - Ferrari, Paolo
AU  - Ginjaume, Merce
AU  - Hršak, Hrvoje
AU  - Hupe, Oliver
AU  - Knežević, Željka
AU  - Sans Merce, Marta
AU  - Sarmento, Sandra
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Vanhavere, Filip
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9863
AB  - Occupational radiation doses from interventional procedures have the potential to be relatively high. The requirement to optimise these doses encourages the use of electronic or active personal dosimeters (APDs) which are now increasingly used in hospitals. They are typically used in tandem with a routine passive dosimetry monitoring programme, with APDs used for real-time readings, for training purposes and when new imaging technology is introduced. However, there are limitations when using APDs. A survey in hospitals to identify issues related to the use of APDs was recently completed, along with an extensive series of APD tests by the EURADOS Working Group 12 on Dosimetry for Medical Imaging. The aim of this review paper is to summarise the state of the art regarding the use of APDs. We also used the results of our survey and our tests to develop a set of recommendations for the use of APDs in the clinical interventional radiology/cardiology settings, and draw attention to some of the current challenges.
T2  - Physica Medica
T1  - Recommendations for the use of active personal dosemeters (APDs) in interventional workplaces in hospitals
VL  - 87
SP  - 131
EP  - 135
DO  - 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.05.015
ER  - 

@article{
author = "O’Connor, Una M. and Carinou, Eleftheria and Clairand, Isabelle and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and de Monte, Francesca and Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna and Ferrari, Paolo and Ginjaume, Merce and Hršak, Hrvoje and Hupe, Oliver and Knežević, Željka and Sans Merce, Marta and Sarmento, Sandra and Siiskonen, Teemu and Vanhavere, Filip",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Occupational radiation doses from interventional procedures have the potential to be relatively high. The requirement to optimise these doses encourages the use of electronic or active personal dosimeters (APDs) which are now increasingly used in hospitals. They are typically used in tandem with a routine passive dosimetry monitoring programme, with APDs used for real-time readings, for training purposes and when new imaging technology is introduced. However, there are limitations when using APDs. A survey in hospitals to identify issues related to the use of APDs was recently completed, along with an extensive series of APD tests by the EURADOS Working Group 12 on Dosimetry for Medical Imaging. The aim of this review paper is to summarise the state of the art regarding the use of APDs. We also used the results of our survey and our tests to develop a set of recommendations for the use of APDs in the clinical interventional radiology/cardiology settings, and draw attention to some of the current challenges.",
journal = "Physica Medica",
title = "Recommendations for the use of active personal dosemeters (APDs) in interventional workplaces in hospitals",
volume = "87",
pages = "131-135",
doi = "10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.05.015"
}

O’Connor, U. M., Carinou, E., Clairand, I., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., de Monte, F., Domienik-Andrzejewska, J., Ferrari, P., Ginjaume, M., Hršak, H., Hupe, O., Knežević, Ž., Sans Merce, M., Sarmento, S., Siiskonen, T.,& Vanhavere, F.. (2021). Recommendations for the use of active personal dosemeters (APDs) in interventional workplaces in hospitals. in Physica Medica, 87, 131-135.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.05.015

O’Connor UM, Carinou E, Clairand I, Ciraj-Bjelac O, de Monte F, Domienik-Andrzejewska J, Ferrari P, Ginjaume M, Hršak H, Hupe O, Knežević Ž, Sans Merce M, Sarmento S, Siiskonen T, Vanhavere F. Recommendations for the use of active personal dosemeters (APDs) in interventional workplaces in hospitals. in Physica Medica. 2021;87:131-135.
doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.05.015 .

O’Connor, Una M., Carinou, Eleftheria, Clairand, Isabelle, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, de Monte, Francesca, Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna, Ferrari, Paolo, Ginjaume, Merce, Hršak, Hrvoje, Hupe, Oliver, Knežević, Željka, Sans Merce, Marta, Sarmento, Sandra, Siiskonen, Teemu, Vanhavere, Filip, "Recommendations for the use of active personal dosemeters (APDs) in interventional workplaces in hospitals" in Physica Medica, 87 (2021):131-135,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.05.015 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Gallagher, Aoife
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Novak, Leos
AU  - Sans Merce, Marta
AU  - Farah, Jad
AU  - Dabin, Jérémie
AU  - Malchair, Françoise
AU  - Knežević, Željka
AU  - Kortesniemi, Mika
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/9838
AB  - Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been available since the late 1990s for use in dentistry. European legislation requires optimisation of protection and the use of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) as well as regular quality control (QC) of the imaging devices, which is well outlined in existing international recommendations. Nevertheless, the level of application is not known. Earlier studies have indicated that few European countries have established DRLs and that patient doses (exposure parameters) have not been properly optimised. The EURADOS Working Group 12-Dosimetry in Medical Imaging undertook a survey to identify existing practices in Member States. Questionnaires were developed to identify equipment types, clinical procedures performed, and exposure settings used. The surveys were circulated to 22 countries resulting in 28 responses from 13 countries. Variations were identified in the exposure factors and in the doses delivered to patients for similar clinical indicators. Results confirm that patient doses are still not properly optimised and DRLs are largely not established. There is a need to promote the importance of performing QC testing of dental CBCT equipment and to further optimise patient exposure by establishment and use of DRLs as a part of a continuous optimisation process.
T2  - Journal of Radiological Protection: Official Journal of the Society for Radiological Protection
T1  - A European perspective on dental cone beam computed tomography systems with a focus on optimisation utilising diagnostic reference levels
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
DO  - 10.1088/1361-6498/abdd05
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Siiskonen, Teemu and Gallagher, Aoife and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Novak, Leos and Sans Merce, Marta and Farah, Jad and Dabin, Jérémie and Malchair, Françoise and Knežević, Željka and Kortesniemi, Mika",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been available since the late 1990s for use in dentistry. European legislation requires optimisation of protection and the use of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) as well as regular quality control (QC) of the imaging devices, which is well outlined in existing international recommendations. Nevertheless, the level of application is not known. Earlier studies have indicated that few European countries have established DRLs and that patient doses (exposure parameters) have not been properly optimised. The EURADOS Working Group 12-Dosimetry in Medical Imaging undertook a survey to identify existing practices in Member States. Questionnaires were developed to identify equipment types, clinical procedures performed, and exposure settings used. The surveys were circulated to 22 countries resulting in 28 responses from 13 countries. Variations were identified in the exposure factors and in the doses delivered to patients for similar clinical indicators. Results confirm that patient doses are still not properly optimised and DRLs are largely not established. There is a need to promote the importance of performing QC testing of dental CBCT equipment and to further optimise patient exposure by establishment and use of DRLs as a part of a continuous optimisation process.",
journal = "Journal of Radiological Protection: Official Journal of the Society for Radiological Protection",
title = "A European perspective on dental cone beam computed tomography systems with a focus on optimisation utilising diagnostic reference levels",
volume = "41",
number = "2",
doi = "10.1088/1361-6498/abdd05"
}

Siiskonen, T., Gallagher, A., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Novak, L., Sans Merce, M., Farah, J., Dabin, J., Malchair, F., Knežević, Ž.,& Kortesniemi, M.. (2021). A European perspective on dental cone beam computed tomography systems with a focus on optimisation utilising diagnostic reference levels. in Journal of Radiological Protection: Official Journal of the Society for Radiological Protection, 41(2).
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/abdd05

Siiskonen T, Gallagher A, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Novak L, Sans Merce M, Farah J, Dabin J, Malchair F, Knežević Ž, Kortesniemi M. A European perspective on dental cone beam computed tomography systems with a focus on optimisation utilising diagnostic reference levels. in Journal of Radiological Protection: Official Journal of the Society for Radiological Protection. 2021;41(2).
doi:10.1088/1361-6498/abdd05 .

Siiskonen, Teemu, Gallagher, Aoife, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Novak, Leos, Sans Merce, Marta, Farah, Jad, Dabin, Jérémie, Malchair, Françoise, Knežević, Željka, Kortesniemi, Mika, "A European perspective on dental cone beam computed tomography systems with a focus on optimisation utilising diagnostic reference levels" in Journal of Radiological Protection: Official Journal of the Society for Radiological Protection, 41, no. 2 (2021),
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/abdd05 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Dabin, Jeremie
AU  - Diklić, Ana
AU  - Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna
AU  - Farah, Jad
AU  - Fernandez, Jose Miguel
AU  - Gallagher, Aoife
AU  - Hourdakis, Constantine J.
AU  - Jurković, Slaven
AU  - Jarvinen, Hannu
AU  - Jarvinen, J.
AU  - Knežević, Željka
AU  - Koukorava, Christina
AU  - Maccia, Carlo
AU  - Majer, Marija
AU  - Malchair, Francoise
AU  - Riccardi, Lucia
AU  - Rizk, C.
AU  - Sanchez, Roberto Mariano
AU  - Sandborg, Michael
AU  - Merce, Marta Sans
AU  - Segota, D.
AU  - Sierpowska, Joanna
AU  - Simantirakis, George
AU  - Sukupova, Lucie
AU  - Thrapsanioti, Zoi
AU  - Vano, Eliseo
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7889
AB  - Interventional cardiac procedures may be associated with high patient doses and therefore require special attention to protect the patients from radiation injuries such as skin erythema, cardiovascular tissue reactions or radiation-induced cancer. In this study, patient exposure data is collected from 13 countries (37 clinics and nearly 50 interventional rooms) and for 10 different procedures. Dose data was collected from a total of 14,922 interventional cardiology procedures. Based on these data European diagnostic reference levels (DRL) for air kerma-area product are suggested for coronary angiography (CA, DRL = 35 Gy cm2), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, 85 Gy cm2), transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI, 130 Gy cm2), electrophysiological procedures (12 Gy cm2) and pacemaker implantations. Pacemaker implantations were further divided into single-chamber (2.5 Gy cm2) and dual chamber (3.5 Gy cm2) procedures and implantations of cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker (18 Gy cm2). Results show that relatively new techniques such as TAVI and treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO) often produce relatively high doses, and thus emphasises the need for use of an optimization tool such as DRL to assist in reducing patient exposure. The generic DRL presented here facilitate comparison of patient exposure in interventional cardiology. © 2018 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica
T2  - Physica Medica
T1  - Establishing the European diagnostic reference levels for interventional cardiology
VL  - 54
SP  - 42
EP  - 48
DO  - 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.09.012
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Siiskonen, Teemu and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Dabin, Jeremie and Diklić, Ana and Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna and Farah, Jad and Fernandez, Jose Miguel and Gallagher, Aoife and Hourdakis, Constantine J. and Jurković, Slaven and Jarvinen, Hannu and Jarvinen, J. and Knežević, Željka and Koukorava, Christina and Maccia, Carlo and Majer, Marija and Malchair, Francoise and Riccardi, Lucia and Rizk, C. and Sanchez, Roberto Mariano and Sandborg, Michael and Merce, Marta Sans and Segota, D. and Sierpowska, Joanna and Simantirakis, George and Sukupova, Lucie and Thrapsanioti, Zoi and Vano, Eliseo",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Interventional cardiac procedures may be associated with high patient doses and therefore require special attention to protect the patients from radiation injuries such as skin erythema, cardiovascular tissue reactions or radiation-induced cancer. In this study, patient exposure data is collected from 13 countries (37 clinics and nearly 50 interventional rooms) and for 10 different procedures. Dose data was collected from a total of 14,922 interventional cardiology procedures. Based on these data European diagnostic reference levels (DRL) for air kerma-area product are suggested for coronary angiography (CA, DRL = 35 Gy cm2), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, 85 Gy cm2), transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI, 130 Gy cm2), electrophysiological procedures (12 Gy cm2) and pacemaker implantations. Pacemaker implantations were further divided into single-chamber (2.5 Gy cm2) and dual chamber (3.5 Gy cm2) procedures and implantations of cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker (18 Gy cm2). Results show that relatively new techniques such as TAVI and treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO) often produce relatively high doses, and thus emphasises the need for use of an optimization tool such as DRL to assist in reducing patient exposure. The generic DRL presented here facilitate comparison of patient exposure in interventional cardiology. © 2018 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica",
journal = "Physica Medica",
title = "Establishing the European diagnostic reference levels for interventional cardiology",
volume = "54",
pages = "42-48",
doi = "10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.09.012"
}

Siiskonen, T., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Dabin, J., Diklić, A., Domienik-Andrzejewska, J., Farah, J., Fernandez, J. M., Gallagher, A., Hourdakis, C. J., Jurković, S., Jarvinen, H., Jarvinen, J., Knežević, Ž., Koukorava, C., Maccia, C., Majer, M., Malchair, F., Riccardi, L., Rizk, C., Sanchez, R. M., Sandborg, M., Merce, M. S., Segota, D., Sierpowska, J., Simantirakis, G., Sukupova, L., Thrapsanioti, Z.,& Vano, E.. (2018). Establishing the European diagnostic reference levels for interventional cardiology. in Physica Medica, 54, 42-48.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.09.012

Siiskonen T, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Dabin J, Diklić A, Domienik-Andrzejewska J, Farah J, Fernandez JM, Gallagher A, Hourdakis CJ, Jurković S, Jarvinen H, Jarvinen J, Knežević Ž, Koukorava C, Maccia C, Majer M, Malchair F, Riccardi L, Rizk C, Sanchez RM, Sandborg M, Merce MS, Segota D, Sierpowska J, Simantirakis G, Sukupova L, Thrapsanioti Z, Vano E. Establishing the European diagnostic reference levels for interventional cardiology. in Physica Medica. 2018;54:42-48.
doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.09.012 .

Siiskonen, Teemu, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Dabin, Jeremie, Diklić, Ana, Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna, Farah, Jad, Fernandez, Jose Miguel, Gallagher, Aoife, Hourdakis, Constantine J., Jurković, Slaven, Jarvinen, Hannu, Jarvinen, J., Knežević, Željka, Koukorava, Christina, Maccia, Carlo, Majer, Marija, Malchair, Francoise, Riccardi, Lucia, Rizk, C., Sanchez, Roberto Mariano, Sandborg, Michael, Merce, Marta Sans, Segota, D., Sierpowska, Joanna, Simantirakis, George, Sukupova, Lucie, Thrapsanioti, Zoi, Vano, Eliseo, "Establishing the European diagnostic reference levels for interventional cardiology" in Physica Medica, 54 (2018):42-48,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.09.012 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jarvinen, Hannu
AU  - Farah, Jad
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Dabin, Jeremie
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna
AU  - Kluszczynski, Dariusz
AU  - Knežević, Željka
AU  - Kopec, Renata
AU  - Majer, Marija
AU  - Malchair, Francoise
AU  - Negri, Anna
AU  - Pankowski, Piotr
AU  - Sarmento, Sandra
AU  - Trianni, Annalisa
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7621
AB  - Purpose: The feasibility of setting-up generic, hospital-independent dose alert levels to initiate vigilance on possible skin injuries in interventional procedures was studied for three high-dose procedures (chemoembolization (TACE) of the liver, neuro-embolization (NE) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)) in 9 European countries. Methods: Gafchromic (R) films and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) were used to determine the Maximum Skin Dose (MSD). Correlation of the online dose indicators (fluoroscopy time, kerma- or dose-area product (KAP or DAP) and cumulative air kerma at interventional reference point (K-a,K-r)) with MSD was evaluated and used to establish the alert levels corresponding to a MSD of 2 Gy and 5 Gy. The uncertainties of alert levels in terms of DAP and K-a,K-r, and uncertainty of MSD were calculated. Results: About 20-30% of all MSD values exceeded 2 Gy while only 2-6% exceeded 5 Gy. The correlations suggest that both DAP and K-a,K-r can be used as a dose indicator for alert levels (Pearson correlation coefficient p mostly > 0.8), while fluoroscopy time is not suitable (p mostly < 0.6). Generic alert levels based on DAP (Gy cm(2)) were suggested for MSD of both 2 Gy and 5 Gy (for 5 Gy: TACE 750, PCI 250 and NE 400). The suggested levels are close to the lowest values published in several other studies. The uncertainty of the MSD was estimated to be around 10-15% and of hospital-specific skin dose alert levels about 20-30% (with coverage factor k = 1). Conclusions: The generic alert levels are feasible for some cases but should be used with caution, only as the first approximation, while hospital-specific alert levels are preferred as the final approach.
T2  - Physica Medica
T1  - Feasibility of setting up generic alert levels for maximum skin dose in fluoroscopically guided procedures
VL  - 46
SP  - 67
EP  - 74
DO  - 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.01.010
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jarvinen, Hannu and Farah, Jad and Siiskonen, Teemu and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Dabin, Jeremie and Carinou, Eleftheria and Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna and Kluszczynski, Dariusz and Knežević, Željka and Kopec, Renata and Majer, Marija and Malchair, Francoise and Negri, Anna and Pankowski, Piotr and Sarmento, Sandra and Trianni, Annalisa",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Purpose: The feasibility of setting-up generic, hospital-independent dose alert levels to initiate vigilance on possible skin injuries in interventional procedures was studied for three high-dose procedures (chemoembolization (TACE) of the liver, neuro-embolization (NE) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)) in 9 European countries. Methods: Gafchromic (R) films and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) were used to determine the Maximum Skin Dose (MSD). Correlation of the online dose indicators (fluoroscopy time, kerma- or dose-area product (KAP or DAP) and cumulative air kerma at interventional reference point (K-a,K-r)) with MSD was evaluated and used to establish the alert levels corresponding to a MSD of 2 Gy and 5 Gy. The uncertainties of alert levels in terms of DAP and K-a,K-r, and uncertainty of MSD were calculated. Results: About 20-30% of all MSD values exceeded 2 Gy while only 2-6% exceeded 5 Gy. The correlations suggest that both DAP and K-a,K-r can be used as a dose indicator for alert levels (Pearson correlation coefficient p mostly > 0.8), while fluoroscopy time is not suitable (p mostly < 0.6). Generic alert levels based on DAP (Gy cm(2)) were suggested for MSD of both 2 Gy and 5 Gy (for 5 Gy: TACE 750, PCI 250 and NE 400). The suggested levels are close to the lowest values published in several other studies. The uncertainty of the MSD was estimated to be around 10-15% and of hospital-specific skin dose alert levels about 20-30% (with coverage factor k = 1). Conclusions: The generic alert levels are feasible for some cases but should be used with caution, only as the first approximation, while hospital-specific alert levels are preferred as the final approach.",
journal = "Physica Medica",
title = "Feasibility of setting up generic alert levels for maximum skin dose in fluoroscopically guided procedures",
volume = "46",
pages = "67-74",
doi = "10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.01.010"
}

Jarvinen, H., Farah, J., Siiskonen, T., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Dabin, J., Carinou, E., Domienik-Andrzejewska, J., Kluszczynski, D., Knežević, Ž., Kopec, R., Majer, M., Malchair, F., Negri, A., Pankowski, P., Sarmento, S.,& Trianni, A.. (2018). Feasibility of setting up generic alert levels for maximum skin dose in fluoroscopically guided procedures. in Physica Medica, 46, 67-74.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.01.010

Jarvinen H, Farah J, Siiskonen T, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Dabin J, Carinou E, Domienik-Andrzejewska J, Kluszczynski D, Knežević Ž, Kopec R, Majer M, Malchair F, Negri A, Pankowski P, Sarmento S, Trianni A. Feasibility of setting up generic alert levels for maximum skin dose in fluoroscopically guided procedures. in Physica Medica. 2018;46:67-74.
doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.01.010 .

Jarvinen, Hannu, Farah, Jad, Siiskonen, Teemu, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Dabin, Jeremie, Carinou, Eleftheria, Domienik-Andrzejewska, Joanna, Kluszczynski, Dariusz, Knežević, Željka, Kopec, Renata, Majer, Marija, Malchair, Francoise, Negri, Anna, Pankowski, Piotr, Sarmento, Sandra, Trianni, Annalisa, "Feasibility of setting up generic alert levels for maximum skin dose in fluoroscopically guided procedures" in Physica Medica, 46 (2018):67-74,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.01.010 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dabin, Jeremie
AU  - Negri, A.
AU  - Farah, Jad
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Clairand, Isabelle
AU  - De Angelis, C.
AU  - Domienik, Joanna
AU  - Jarvinen, Hannu
AU  - Kopec, R.
AU  - Majer, Marija
AU  - Malchair, Francoise
AU  - Novak, L.
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Vanhavere, Filip
AU  - Trianni, A.
AU  - Knežević, Željka
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/860
AB  - Purpose: Point detectors are frequently used to measure patients maximum skin dose (MSD) in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures (IP). However, their performance and ability to detect the actual MSD are rarely evaluated. The present study investigates the sampling uncertainty associated with the use of grids of point detectors to measure MSD in IP. Method: Chemoembolisation of the liver (CE), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and neuroembolisation (NE) procedures were studied. Spatial dose distributions were measured with XR-RV3 Gafchromic (R) films for 176 procedures. These distributions were used to simulate measurements performed using grids of detectors such as thermoluminescence detectors, with detector spacing from 1.4 up to 10 cm. Results: The sampling uncertainty was the highest in PCI and NE procedures. With 40 detectors covering the film area (36 cm x 44 cm), the maximum dose would be on average 86% and 63% of the MSD measured with Gafchromic (R) films in CE and PCI procedures, respectively. In NE procedures, with 27 detectors covering the film area (14 cm x 35 cm), the maximum dose measured would be on average 82% of the MSD obtained with the Gafchromic (R) films. Conclusion: Thermoluminescence detectors show good energy and dose response in clinical beam qualities. However the poor spatial resolution of such point-like dosimeters may far outweigh their good dosimetric properties. The uncertainty from the sampling procedure should be estimated when point detectors are used in IP because it may lead to strong underestimation of the MSD. (C) 2015 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Physica Medica
T1  - Characterisation of grids of point detectors in maximum skin dose measurement in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures
VL  - 31
IS  - 8
SP  - 1112
EP  - 1117
DO  - 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.08.006
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Dabin, Jeremie and Negri, A. and Farah, Jad and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Clairand, Isabelle and De Angelis, C. and Domienik, Joanna and Jarvinen, Hannu and Kopec, R. and Majer, Marija and Malchair, Francoise and Novak, L. and Siiskonen, Teemu and Vanhavere, Filip and Trianni, A. and Knežević, Željka",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Purpose: Point detectors are frequently used to measure patients maximum skin dose (MSD) in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures (IP). However, their performance and ability to detect the actual MSD are rarely evaluated. The present study investigates the sampling uncertainty associated with the use of grids of point detectors to measure MSD in IP. Method: Chemoembolisation of the liver (CE), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and neuroembolisation (NE) procedures were studied. Spatial dose distributions were measured with XR-RV3 Gafchromic (R) films for 176 procedures. These distributions were used to simulate measurements performed using grids of detectors such as thermoluminescence detectors, with detector spacing from 1.4 up to 10 cm. Results: The sampling uncertainty was the highest in PCI and NE procedures. With 40 detectors covering the film area (36 cm x 44 cm), the maximum dose would be on average 86% and 63% of the MSD measured with Gafchromic (R) films in CE and PCI procedures, respectively. In NE procedures, with 27 detectors covering the film area (14 cm x 35 cm), the maximum dose measured would be on average 82% of the MSD obtained with the Gafchromic (R) films. Conclusion: Thermoluminescence detectors show good energy and dose response in clinical beam qualities. However the poor spatial resolution of such point-like dosimeters may far outweigh their good dosimetric properties. The uncertainty from the sampling procedure should be estimated when point detectors are used in IP because it may lead to strong underestimation of the MSD. (C) 2015 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Physica Medica",
title = "Characterisation of grids of point detectors in maximum skin dose measurement in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures",
volume = "31",
number = "8",
pages = "1112-1117",
doi = "10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.08.006"
}

Dabin, J., Negri, A., Farah, J., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Clairand, I., De Angelis, C., Domienik, J., Jarvinen, H., Kopec, R., Majer, M., Malchair, F., Novak, L., Siiskonen, T., Vanhavere, F., Trianni, A.,& Knežević, Ž.. (2015). Characterisation of grids of point detectors in maximum skin dose measurement in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures. in Physica Medica
Elsevier., 31(8), 1112-1117.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.08.006

Dabin J, Negri A, Farah J, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Clairand I, De Angelis C, Domienik J, Jarvinen H, Kopec R, Majer M, Malchair F, Novak L, Siiskonen T, Vanhavere F, Trianni A, Knežević Ž. Characterisation of grids of point detectors in maximum skin dose measurement in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures. in Physica Medica. 2015;31(8):1112-1117.
doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.08.006 .

Dabin, Jeremie, Negri, A., Farah, Jad, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Clairand, Isabelle, De Angelis, C., Domienik, Joanna, Jarvinen, Hannu, Kopec, R., Majer, Marija, Malchair, Francoise, Novak, L., Siiskonen, Teemu, Vanhavere, Filip, Trianni, A., Knežević, Željka, "Characterisation of grids of point detectors in maximum skin dose measurement in fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures" in Physica Medica, 31, no. 8 (2015):1112-1117,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.08.006 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farah, Jad
AU  - Trianni, A.
AU  - Carinou, Eleftheria
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Clairand, Isabelle
AU  - Dabin, Jeremie
AU  - De Angelis, C.
AU  - Domienik, Joanna
AU  - Jarvinen, Hannu
AU  - Kopec, R.
AU  - Majer, Marija
AU  - Malchair, Francoise
AU  - Negri, A.
AU  - Novak, L.
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Vanhavere, Filip
AU  - Knežević, Željka
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7068
AB  - To help operators acknowledge patient dose during interventional procedures, EURADOS WG-12 focused on measuring patient skin dose using XR-RV3 gafchromic films, thermoluminescent detector (TLD) pellets or 2D TL foils and on investigating possible correlation to the on-line dose indicators such as fluoroscopy time, Kerma-area product (KAP) and cumulative air Kerma at reference point (CK). The study aims at defining non-centre-specific European alert thresholds for skin dose in three interventional procedures: chemoembolization of the liver (CE), neuroembolization (NE) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Skin dose values of GT 3 Gy (ICRP threshold for skin injuries) were indeed measured in these procedures confirming the need for dose indicators that correlate with maximum skin dose (MSD). However, although MSD showed fairly good correlation with KAP and CK, several limitations were identified challenging the set-up of non-centre-specific European alert thresholds. This paper presents preliminary results of this wide European measurement campaign and focuses on the main challenges in the definition of European alert thresholds.
T2  - Radiation Protection Dosimetry
T1  - Measurement of maximum skin dose in interventional radiology and cardiology and challenges in the set-up of European alert thresholds
VL  - 164
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 138
EP  - 142
DO  - 10.1093/rpd/ncu314
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Farah, Jad and Trianni, A. and Carinou, Eleftheria and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Clairand, Isabelle and Dabin, Jeremie and De Angelis, C. and Domienik, Joanna and Jarvinen, Hannu and Kopec, R. and Majer, Marija and Malchair, Francoise and Negri, A. and Novak, L. and Siiskonen, Teemu and Vanhavere, Filip and Knežević, Željka",
year = "2015",
abstract = "To help operators acknowledge patient dose during interventional procedures, EURADOS WG-12 focused on measuring patient skin dose using XR-RV3 gafchromic films, thermoluminescent detector (TLD) pellets or 2D TL foils and on investigating possible correlation to the on-line dose indicators such as fluoroscopy time, Kerma-area product (KAP) and cumulative air Kerma at reference point (CK). The study aims at defining non-centre-specific European alert thresholds for skin dose in three interventional procedures: chemoembolization of the liver (CE), neuroembolization (NE) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Skin dose values of GT 3 Gy (ICRP threshold for skin injuries) were indeed measured in these procedures confirming the need for dose indicators that correlate with maximum skin dose (MSD). However, although MSD showed fairly good correlation with KAP and CK, several limitations were identified challenging the set-up of non-centre-specific European alert thresholds. This paper presents preliminary results of this wide European measurement campaign and focuses on the main challenges in the definition of European alert thresholds.",
journal = "Radiation Protection Dosimetry",
title = "Measurement of maximum skin dose in interventional radiology and cardiology and challenges in the set-up of European alert thresholds",
volume = "164",
number = "1-2",
pages = "138-142",
doi = "10.1093/rpd/ncu314"
}

Farah, J., Trianni, A., Carinou, E., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Clairand, I., Dabin, J., De Angelis, C., Domienik, J., Jarvinen, H., Kopec, R., Majer, M., Malchair, F., Negri, A., Novak, L., Siiskonen, T., Vanhavere, F.,& Knežević, Ž.. (2015). Measurement of maximum skin dose in interventional radiology and cardiology and challenges in the set-up of European alert thresholds. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 164(1-2), 138-142.
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu314

Farah J, Trianni A, Carinou E, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Clairand I, Dabin J, De Angelis C, Domienik J, Jarvinen H, Kopec R, Majer M, Malchair F, Negri A, Novak L, Siiskonen T, Vanhavere F, Knežević Ž. Measurement of maximum skin dose in interventional radiology and cardiology and challenges in the set-up of European alert thresholds. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2015;164(1-2):138-142.
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu314 .

Farah, Jad, Trianni, A., Carinou, Eleftheria, Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Clairand, Isabelle, Dabin, Jeremie, De Angelis, C., Domienik, Joanna, Jarvinen, Hannu, Kopec, R., Majer, Marija, Malchair, Francoise, Negri, A., Novak, L., Siiskonen, Teemu, Vanhavere, Filip, Knežević, Željka, "Measurement of maximum skin dose in interventional radiology and cardiology and challenges in the set-up of European alert thresholds" in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 164, no. 1-2 (2015):138-142,
https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu314 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farah, Jad
AU  - Trianni, A.
AU  - Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera
AU  - Clairand, Isabelle
AU  - De Angelis, C.
AU  - Delle Canne, S.
AU  - Hadid, L.
AU  - Huet, C.
AU  - Jarvinen, Hannu
AU  - Negri, A.
AU  - Novak, L.
AU  - Pinto, M.
AU  - Siiskonen, Teemu
AU  - Waryn, M. J.
AU  - Knežević, Željka
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/647
AB  - Purpose: To investigate the optimal use of XR-RV3 GafChromic (R) films to assess patient skin dose in interventional radiology while addressing the means to reduce uncertainties in dose assessment. Methods: XR-Type R GafChromic films have been shown to represent the most efficient and suitable solution to determine patient skin dose in interventional procedures. As film dosimetry can be associated with high uncertainty, this paper presents the EURADOS WG 12 initiative to carry out a comprehensive study of film characteristics with a multisite approach. The considered sources of uncertainties include scanner, film, and fitting-related errors. The work focused on studying film behavior with clinical high-dose-rate pulsed beams (previously unavailable in the literature) together with reference standard laboratory beams. Results: First, the performance analysis of six different scanner models has shown that scan uniformity perpendicular to the lamp motion axis and that long term stability are the main sources of scanner-related uncertainties. These could induce errors of up to 7% on the film readings unless regularly checked and corrected. Typically, scan uniformity correction matrices and reading normalization to the scanner-specific and daily background reading should be done. In addition, the analysis on multiple film batches has shown that XR-RV3 films have generally good uniformity within one batch ( LT 1.5%), require 24 h to stabilize after the irradiation and their response is roughly independent of dose rate ( LT 5%). However, XR-RV3 films showed large variations (up to 15%) with radiation quality both in standard laboratory and in clinical conditions. As such, and prior to conducting patient skin dose measurements, it is mandatory to choose the appropriate calibration beam quality depending on the characteristics of the x-ray systems that will be used clinically. In addition, yellow side film irradiations should be preferentially used since they showed a lower dependence on beam parameters compared to white side film irradiations. Finally, among the six different fit equations tested in this work, typically used third order polynomials and more rational and simplistic equations, of the form dose inversely proportional to pixel value, were both found to provide satisfactory results. Fitting-related uncertainty was clearly identified as a major contributor to the overall film dosimetry uncertainty with up to 40% error on the dose estimate. Conclusions: The overall uncertainty associated with the use of XR-RV3 films to determine skin dose in the interventional environment can realistically be estimated to be around 20% (k = 1). This uncertainty can be reduced to within 5% if carefully monitoring scanner, film, and fitting-related errors or it can easily increase to over 40% if minimal care is not taken. This work demonstrates the importance of appropriate calibration, reading, fitting, and other film-related and scan-related processes, which will help improve the accuracy of skin dose measurements in interventional procedures. (C) 2015 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.
T2  - Medical Physics
T1  - Characterization of XR-RV3 GafChromic (R) films in standard laboratory and in clinical conditions and means to evaluate uncertainties and reduce errors
VL  - 42
IS  - 7
SP  - 4211
EP  - 4226
DO  - 10.1118/1.4922132
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Farah, Jad and Trianni, A. and Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera and Clairand, Isabelle and De Angelis, C. and Delle Canne, S. and Hadid, L. and Huet, C. and Jarvinen, Hannu and Negri, A. and Novak, L. and Pinto, M. and Siiskonen, Teemu and Waryn, M. J. and Knežević, Željka",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Purpose: To investigate the optimal use of XR-RV3 GafChromic (R) films to assess patient skin dose in interventional radiology while addressing the means to reduce uncertainties in dose assessment. Methods: XR-Type R GafChromic films have been shown to represent the most efficient and suitable solution to determine patient skin dose in interventional procedures. As film dosimetry can be associated with high uncertainty, this paper presents the EURADOS WG 12 initiative to carry out a comprehensive study of film characteristics with a multisite approach. The considered sources of uncertainties include scanner, film, and fitting-related errors. The work focused on studying film behavior with clinical high-dose-rate pulsed beams (previously unavailable in the literature) together with reference standard laboratory beams. Results: First, the performance analysis of six different scanner models has shown that scan uniformity perpendicular to the lamp motion axis and that long term stability are the main sources of scanner-related uncertainties. These could induce errors of up to 7% on the film readings unless regularly checked and corrected. Typically, scan uniformity correction matrices and reading normalization to the scanner-specific and daily background reading should be done. In addition, the analysis on multiple film batches has shown that XR-RV3 films have generally good uniformity within one batch ( LT 1.5%), require 24 h to stabilize after the irradiation and their response is roughly independent of dose rate ( LT 5%). However, XR-RV3 films showed large variations (up to 15%) with radiation quality both in standard laboratory and in clinical conditions. As such, and prior to conducting patient skin dose measurements, it is mandatory to choose the appropriate calibration beam quality depending on the characteristics of the x-ray systems that will be used clinically. In addition, yellow side film irradiations should be preferentially used since they showed a lower dependence on beam parameters compared to white side film irradiations. Finally, among the six different fit equations tested in this work, typically used third order polynomials and more rational and simplistic equations, of the form dose inversely proportional to pixel value, were both found to provide satisfactory results. Fitting-related uncertainty was clearly identified as a major contributor to the overall film dosimetry uncertainty with up to 40% error on the dose estimate. Conclusions: The overall uncertainty associated with the use of XR-RV3 films to determine skin dose in the interventional environment can realistically be estimated to be around 20% (k = 1). This uncertainty can be reduced to within 5% if carefully monitoring scanner, film, and fitting-related errors or it can easily increase to over 40% if minimal care is not taken. This work demonstrates the importance of appropriate calibration, reading, fitting, and other film-related and scan-related processes, which will help improve the accuracy of skin dose measurements in interventional procedures. (C) 2015 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.",
journal = "Medical Physics",
title = "Characterization of XR-RV3 GafChromic (R) films in standard laboratory and in clinical conditions and means to evaluate uncertainties and reduce errors",
volume = "42",
number = "7",
pages = "4211-4226",
doi = "10.1118/1.4922132"
}

Farah, J., Trianni, A., Ciraj-Bjelac, O., Clairand, I., De Angelis, C., Delle Canne, S., Hadid, L., Huet, C., Jarvinen, H., Negri, A., Novak, L., Pinto, M., Siiskonen, T., Waryn, M. J.,& Knežević, Ž.. (2015). Characterization of XR-RV3 GafChromic (R) films in standard laboratory and in clinical conditions and means to evaluate uncertainties and reduce errors. in Medical Physics, 42(7), 4211-4226.
https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4922132

Farah J, Trianni A, Ciraj-Bjelac O, Clairand I, De Angelis C, Delle Canne S, Hadid L, Huet C, Jarvinen H, Negri A, Novak L, Pinto M, Siiskonen T, Waryn MJ, Knežević Ž. Characterization of XR-RV3 GafChromic (R) films in standard laboratory and in clinical conditions and means to evaluate uncertainties and reduce errors. in Medical Physics. 2015;42(7):4211-4226.
doi:10.1118/1.4922132 .

Farah, Jad, Trianni, A., Ciraj-Bjelac, Olivera, Clairand, Isabelle, De Angelis, C., Delle Canne, S., Hadid, L., Huet, C., Jarvinen, Hannu, Negri, A., Novak, L., Pinto, M., Siiskonen, Teemu, Waryn, M. J., Knežević, Željka, "Characterization of XR-RV3 GafChromic (R) films in standard laboratory and in clinical conditions and means to evaluate uncertainties and reduce errors" in Medical Physics, 42, no. 7 (2015):4211-4226,
https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4922132 . .