@conference{
author = "Tanić, Milan and Ćujić, Mirjana R. and Daković, Marko and Janković Mandić, Ljiljana and Dragović, Snežana and Dinić, Denis",
year = "2018",
abstract = "PP) represent one of major sources of environmental pollution [1]. Coal combustion leads to accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in combustion by-products whose disposal and atmospheric emission are main pathways for dispersion of HMs in the soil surrounding TEPPs. HMs from soil may reach human body via variety of pathways, therefore the resident population near TEPPs should be considered to be continuously exposed to soil and coal combustion residuals contaminated by HMs. The TEPP “Nikola Tesla A” is the largest TEPP in Serbian electric power industry. It is located near Obrenovac, (35 km from Belgrade), in the area identified as the Serbian region most threatened by pollution from coal mining and coal combustion.The aim of the present study was to assess carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health hazard for residents associated with HMs in soil. The potential human health riskwas estimated for exposures to minimal, mean and maximal total measured concentration of selected HMs – Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. In case of Cr, 6:1 ratio of Cr(III):Cr(VI) was applied as recommended by US EPA. Surface soil samples (10 cm depth) were collected at 30 locations distributed 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 km to the west, southwest, south, southeast, and east directionfrom the TEPP “Nikola Tesla A”. Total concentrations of HMs were measured by atomic absorption spectrometer. The US EPA risk assessment model [2] was exploited for risk calculation taking into account ingestion of soil, inhalation of resuspended soilparticles and dermal exposure to HMs in soil. The cancer risk was evaluated through the excess lifetime cancer risk – ELCR, and non-carcinogenic risk was expressed as the hazard quotient – HQ. According to US EPA, the cancer risk below 106 is considered to be negligibly small, and risk of 104 to be sufficiently large that remediation is desirable. Cancer risk between 106 and 104 are generally considered acceptable [3].The value of HQ should be less than unity to consider risk from systemic toxicity negligible. The total cancer risk, ELCRtotal, is calculated as a sum of all ELCR for all HMs and all exposure routes considered. The overall non-carcinogenic risk is expressed as hazard index, HI, equal to the sum of all HQ for all HMs and all accounted exposure routes[2]. Risk assessment from non-carcinogenic effects showed that risk from ingestion of soil particles by children and adults comprises almost whole HI. Dermal risk existed only for exposition to Cd in soil, and it was negligible for both categories (4 × 109 to 3 × 103 ). Risk arose from inhalation exposure was not respective because calculated HIwas so benevolent with maximal value of 1 × 108 for both children and adults. Although none of HQ for any single HM was above the reference value of one, aggregate HI for children fell in the range from 1.04 to 2.60 with a mean value of 1.79. Cobalt (0.47 < HI <1.00), Fe (0.42 < HI <0.94) and Mn (0.11 < HI <0.44) were identified as contaminants of most concern. Among HMs measured, only Cd, Co, Cr(VI), Ni and Pb are recognized as human cancerogens [2]. The ELCRtotalfell in the range from 1 × 105 to 5 × 105 . Ingestion of soil contributed the largest to the ELCRtotal, followed by insignificant contribution from inhalation. There was no risk induced by dermal exposure. According to Institute of Public Health of Serbia, the standardized cancer incidence for in 2014 for the City of Belgrade (where the municipality of Obrenovac belongs) was 2.60 × 103 for males and 2.15 × 103 for females [4]. These values are very high in comparison to the risk assessed in this study; therefore, the risk provoked by exposure to HMs in soil made portion of the real cancer risk that was completely insignificant. The estimated carcinogenic risk in this research was in the acceptable range. Estimated non-carcinogenic risk suggests that adults are not endangered due to HMs in soil, while children population is under elevated risk from deleterious health effects. Ingestion of soil was identified as a primary pathway of HMs harming to human health.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society",
journal = "ENVIROCHEM 2018 : 8th Symposium Chemistry and Environmental Protection : program and the book of abstracts",
title = "Human health risk assessment due to heavy metals in surface soil surrounding “Nikola Tesla A” thermoelectric power plant",
pages = "91-92",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_12691"
}
