Radiocezijum u životnoj sredini planinskih regiona na teritoriji Republike Srbije

Abstract

Tokom 1987–2013. godine vršena su ispitivanja na planinama Kopaonik, Tara, Maljen i Zlatibor, sa ciljem da se utvrdi sadržaj 137Cs u ovim područjima i njegova migracija kroz lanac ishrane. Specifična aktivnost 137Cs u zemlji, travi, senu, mleku, mlečnim proizvodima, mesu i biljnim čajevima određena je standardnom metodom spektrometrije gama zračenja na poluprovodničkim detektorima. Rezultati pokazuju da je černobiljski radiocezijum i dalje prisutan u životnoj sredini. U svim karikama lanca ishrane: zemljište – biljke – proizvodi životinjskog porekla, tokom 2000–2007. godine na Tari i Maljenu, detektovan je radiocezijum, a najviši stepen kontaminacije nađen je u uzorcima sa područja Maljena. Međutim, u uzorcima sa Kopaonika koji su prikupljeni 2013. godine, radiocezijum nije detektovan u mleku, siru niti u mesu. Razlike u nivou kontaminacije zemljišta na ispitivanim lokacijama posledica su razlika u količini padavina posle černobiljskog akcidenta, nadmorske visine, karakteristika reljefa, sastava zemljišta i vrste biljaka. Najviša specifična aktivnost 137Cs u lekovitom bilju sakupljenom tokom 2011–2012. godine u planinskim područjima, izmerena je u vrsti V. myrtillus

To investigate content of 137Cs and its migration through the food chain in mountainous regions in Serbia, environmental samples were collected over 1987–2013. Specific activity of 137Cs in samples of the soil, grass, hay, milk, dairy products, meat and herbal tea plants was determined by standard gamma spectroscopy on semiconductor detectors. Samples from the mountains of Kopaonik, Tara, Maljen and Zlatibor were analysed. The results imply that the Chernobyl radioceasium is still present in the environment. Radioceasium was detected in all parts of the food chain, from the soil, through plants to animal products, in Tara and Maljen over 2000–2007. A higher level of contamination was found in the samples from Maljen. However, 137Cs was not detected in the milk, cheese and meat samples that were collected from Kopaonik during 2013. Differences in the soil contamination noted across the investigated locations are a result of a number of factors, including the amount of precipitation after the Chernobyl nuclear accident, altitude, type of relief, soil and plants. The highest 137Cs specific activity in herbal tea plants that were collected over 2011–2012, is measured in V. mirtillus.