Histological Evaluation of Direct Pulp Capping with Novel Nanostructural Materials Based on Active Silicate Cements and Biodentine (R) on Pulp Tissue

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Biodentine (R) and two new nanostructured materials based on active silicate cements on exposed tooth pulp of Vietnamese pigs. The study comprised 40 teeth in two Vietnamese pigs (24 months old). After class V cavity preparation, the pulp on each tooth was exposed using a small round bur. The following materials were applied on pulp exposures: Biodentine (R) (10 teeth), ALBO MPCA-I (10 teeth), and ALBO MPCA-II (10 teeth). In the control group, exposed pulp was covered with ProRoot MTA (R) (10 teeth). After the observation period of 28 days, the animals were sacrificed and the teeth prepared for histological analysis. Light microscope was used for the analysis of dentin bridge formation, tissue reorganization and inflammation, and the presence of bacteria in the pulp. In the group of Biodentine (R), a complete dentin bridge was noted in 3 cases, while incomplete dentin bridge in the form of dental islets was detected in 4 cases. Nanostructured material ALBO-MPCA I provided complete dentin bridge formation in 5 teeth, in 3 teeth the formed dentin bridge was incomplete. ALBO MPCA-II showed complete closure of the pulp opening by dentin bridge in 4 samples, while in the same number of teeth it was incomplete. In the control group, 4 teeth showed a complete dentin bridge, whereas in 6 teeth it was incomplete. Histological analysis indicated favourable therapeutic effects of Biodentine (R) and the two materials ALBO-MPCA I and ALBO-MPCA II after teeth pulp capping in Vietnamese pigs. Pulp reaction was similar to that caused by ProRoot MTA (R).