Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics
Abstract
A disturbed beta-endorphin system can be a part of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression allostasis. Study subjects (N=392) included those with PTSD and/or (stress-induced) depression, and healthy controls with and without traumas. The aim of the study was to examine the network of relations centered around plasma beta-endorphin. The network included anxiety (as a personality trait), traumatic events, pain, aggressiveness, depressive symptoms, and three clusters of PTSD symptoms: intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Beta-endorphin was represented by individual mean from 13 time points (BEmean), reflecting the total amount of the peripherally secreted hormone, and the coefficient of variation (BEvar), calculated as the ratio of standard deviation to the mean, reflecting the hormones dynamics. BEvar correlated with all other variables, BEmean had no correlations. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine all interrelations (including their directions) ...of BEvar and the state/trait variables in the context of their entirety. The model revealed that hyperarousal and anxiety were the only direct agents of peripheral beta-endorphin fluctuations, mediating the effects of other variables. Traumatic events and intrusions act on BEvar via hyperarousal, while depressive symptoms, avoidance, and pain act via anxiety. Hyperarousal should be emphasized as the main agent not only because its effect on BEvar is larger than that of anxiety, but also because it increases anxiety itself (via avoidance and pain). All influences on BEvar are positive and they indicate long-term (sensitizing) effects (as opposed to direct stimulation, for example, by acute pain, anger, etc.). Relations apart from beta-endorphin are also discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved,
Keywords:
Beta-endorphin / Hyperarousal / Anxiety / PTSD / Depression / Structural equation modelingSource:
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2015, 181, 61-66Funding / projects:
- Identification, measurement and development of the cognitive and emotional competences important for a Europe-oriented society (RS-MESTD-Basic Research (BR or ON)-179018)
- Role of steroid hormones in neuroendocrine adaptation to stress and pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome - molecular mechanisms and clinical implications (RS-MESTD-Integrated and Interdisciplinary Research (IIR or III)-41009)
- European Commission [INCO-CT-2004-509213]
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063
ISSN: 0165-0327; 1573-2517
PubMed: 25917294
WoS: 000354777100008
Scopus: 2-s2.0-84928410613
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Institution/Community
VinčaTY - JOUR AU - Savić, Danka A. AU - Knežević, Goran AU - Matić, Gordana AU - Damjanović, Svetozar S. AU - Spiric, Zeljko PY - 2015 UR - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/554 AB - A disturbed beta-endorphin system can be a part of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression allostasis. Study subjects (N=392) included those with PTSD and/or (stress-induced) depression, and healthy controls with and without traumas. The aim of the study was to examine the network of relations centered around plasma beta-endorphin. The network included anxiety (as a personality trait), traumatic events, pain, aggressiveness, depressive symptoms, and three clusters of PTSD symptoms: intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Beta-endorphin was represented by individual mean from 13 time points (BEmean), reflecting the total amount of the peripherally secreted hormone, and the coefficient of variation (BEvar), calculated as the ratio of standard deviation to the mean, reflecting the hormones dynamics. BEvar correlated with all other variables, BEmean had no correlations. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine all interrelations (including their directions) of BEvar and the state/trait variables in the context of their entirety. The model revealed that hyperarousal and anxiety were the only direct agents of peripheral beta-endorphin fluctuations, mediating the effects of other variables. Traumatic events and intrusions act on BEvar via hyperarousal, while depressive symptoms, avoidance, and pain act via anxiety. Hyperarousal should be emphasized as the main agent not only because its effect on BEvar is larger than that of anxiety, but also because it increases anxiety itself (via avoidance and pain). All influences on BEvar are positive and they indicate long-term (sensitizing) effects (as opposed to direct stimulation, for example, by acute pain, anger, etc.). Relations apart from beta-endorphin are also discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved, T2 - Journal of Affective Disorders T1 - Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics VL - 181 SP - 61 EP - 66 DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063 ER -
@article{ author = "Savić, Danka A. and Knežević, Goran and Matić, Gordana and Damjanović, Svetozar S. and Spiric, Zeljko", year = "2015", abstract = "A disturbed beta-endorphin system can be a part of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression allostasis. Study subjects (N=392) included those with PTSD and/or (stress-induced) depression, and healthy controls with and without traumas. The aim of the study was to examine the network of relations centered around plasma beta-endorphin. The network included anxiety (as a personality trait), traumatic events, pain, aggressiveness, depressive symptoms, and three clusters of PTSD symptoms: intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Beta-endorphin was represented by individual mean from 13 time points (BEmean), reflecting the total amount of the peripherally secreted hormone, and the coefficient of variation (BEvar), calculated as the ratio of standard deviation to the mean, reflecting the hormones dynamics. BEvar correlated with all other variables, BEmean had no correlations. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine all interrelations (including their directions) of BEvar and the state/trait variables in the context of their entirety. The model revealed that hyperarousal and anxiety were the only direct agents of peripheral beta-endorphin fluctuations, mediating the effects of other variables. Traumatic events and intrusions act on BEvar via hyperarousal, while depressive symptoms, avoidance, and pain act via anxiety. Hyperarousal should be emphasized as the main agent not only because its effect on BEvar is larger than that of anxiety, but also because it increases anxiety itself (via avoidance and pain). All influences on BEvar are positive and they indicate long-term (sensitizing) effects (as opposed to direct stimulation, for example, by acute pain, anger, etc.). Relations apart from beta-endorphin are also discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved,", journal = "Journal of Affective Disorders", title = "Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics", volume = "181", pages = "61-66", doi = "10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063" }
Savić, D. A., Knežević, G., Matić, G., Damjanović, S. S.,& Spiric, Z.. (2015). Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics. in Journal of Affective Disorders, 181, 61-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063
Savić DA, Knežević G, Matić G, Damjanović SS, Spiric Z. Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics. in Journal of Affective Disorders. 2015;181:61-66. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063 .
Savić, Danka A., Knežević, Goran, Matić, Gordana, Damjanović, Svetozar S., Spiric, Zeljko, "Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics" in Journal of Affective Disorders, 181 (2015):61-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.063 . .