Single and simultaneous exposure of acetylcholinesterase to diazinon, chlorpyrifos and their photodegradation products

Abstract

In vitro inhibition of electric eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by single and simultaneous exposure to organophosphorus insecticides diazinon and chlorpyrifos, and their transformation products, formed due to photoinduced degradation, was investigated. Increasing concentrations of diazinon, chlorpyrifos and their oxidation products, diazoxon and chlorpyrifos-oxon, inhibited AChE in a concentration-dependent manner. IC50 (20 min) values, obtained from the inhibition curves, were (in mol/l): (5.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(-8) (4.3 +/- 0.2) x 10(-6) and (3.0 +/- 0.1) x 10(-8) for diazoxon, chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-oxon, respectively, while maximal diazinon concentration was lower than its IC50 (20 min). Calculated K-I values, in mol/l, of 7.9 x 10(-7), 9.6 x 10(-6) and 4.3 x 10(-7) were obtained for diazoxon, chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-oxon, respectively. However, 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinol (IMP) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, diazinon and chlorpyrifos hydrolysis products, did not noticeably affect the enzyme activity at all investigated concentrations. Additive inhibition effect was achieved for lower concentrations of the inhibitors (diazinon/diazoxon LT = 1 x 10(-4)/1 x 10(-8) mol/l i.e., chlorpyrifos/chlorpyrifos-oxon LT = 2 x 10(-6)/3 x 10(-8) mol/l), while an antagonistic effect was obtained for all higher concentrations of the organophosphates. Inhibitory power of 1 x 10(-4) mol/l diazinon irradiated samples can be attributed mostly to the formation of diazoxon, while the presence of non-inhibiting photodegradation product IMP did not affect diazinon and diazoxon inhibitory efficiencies. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.