Low-Level Chronic Organophosphate Exposure Contributes to the Development of Synaptic Vulnerability
Апстракт
Organophosphates (OPs) are the main components of herbicides, insecticides, and pesticides used worldwide. In addition, OPs are used in the production of chemical weapons such as nerve gasses, sarin, and soman. The main mechanism of OP action in the case of lethal poisoning is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity resulting in excess of acetylcholine (ACh), and the induction of “cholinergic crisis,” a clinical condition that often ends in coma and death. Thus, the levels of AChE in the blood are used as the primary biomarker for evaluating OPinduced poisoning. Normal levels of AChE in the blood have verified that low-level chronic OP exposure is relatively safe. However, recent findings associated a low-level, chronic OP exposure to neurological and cognitive impairments that can persist long after the normalization of AChE levels suggesting that mechanisms of action for acute and chronic OP poisoning may differ. One such mechanism is the contribution of chronic OP poi...soning to the development of synaptic vulnerability that can further lead to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, and ADHD, and cognitive impairments in children. The potential mechanisms of action during low-level chronic OP exposure in various preclinical models and paradigms were discussed. In addition, the need for the development of new biomarkers in order to reevaluate systemic, neural, and neurodevelopmental toxicity, and thus the applicative doses, of various OPs that exist today is underscored. Finally, potential prophylactic measures that can be applied as the countermeasures for the increased synaptic vulnerability are suggested. © 2022 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Кључне речи:
chronic exposure / neurodegeneration / organophosphates / synaptic plasticityИзвор:
Organophosphates: Detection, Exposure and Occurrence. Volume 1: Impact on Health and the Natural Environment, 2022, 63-94Колекције
Институција/група
VinčaTY - CHAP AU - Ivković, Sanja PY - 2022 UR - https://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/10729 AB - Organophosphates (OPs) are the main components of herbicides, insecticides, and pesticides used worldwide. In addition, OPs are used in the production of chemical weapons such as nerve gasses, sarin, and soman. The main mechanism of OP action in the case of lethal poisoning is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity resulting in excess of acetylcholine (ACh), and the induction of “cholinergic crisis,” a clinical condition that often ends in coma and death. Thus, the levels of AChE in the blood are used as the primary biomarker for evaluating OPinduced poisoning. Normal levels of AChE in the blood have verified that low-level chronic OP exposure is relatively safe. However, recent findings associated a low-level, chronic OP exposure to neurological and cognitive impairments that can persist long after the normalization of AChE levels suggesting that mechanisms of action for acute and chronic OP poisoning may differ. One such mechanism is the contribution of chronic OP poisoning to the development of synaptic vulnerability that can further lead to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, and ADHD, and cognitive impairments in children. The potential mechanisms of action during low-level chronic OP exposure in various preclinical models and paradigms were discussed. In addition, the need for the development of new biomarkers in order to reevaluate systemic, neural, and neurodevelopmental toxicity, and thus the applicative doses, of various OPs that exist today is underscored. Finally, potential prophylactic measures that can be applied as the countermeasures for the increased synaptic vulnerability are suggested. © 2022 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. T2 - Organophosphates: Detection, Exposure and Occurrence. Volume 1: Impact on Health and the Natural Environment T1 - Low-Level Chronic Organophosphate Exposure Contributes to the Development of Synaptic Vulnerability SP - 63 EP - 94 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10729 ER -
@inbook{ author = "Ivković, Sanja", year = "2022", abstract = "Organophosphates (OPs) are the main components of herbicides, insecticides, and pesticides used worldwide. In addition, OPs are used in the production of chemical weapons such as nerve gasses, sarin, and soman. The main mechanism of OP action in the case of lethal poisoning is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity resulting in excess of acetylcholine (ACh), and the induction of “cholinergic crisis,” a clinical condition that often ends in coma and death. Thus, the levels of AChE in the blood are used as the primary biomarker for evaluating OPinduced poisoning. Normal levels of AChE in the blood have verified that low-level chronic OP exposure is relatively safe. However, recent findings associated a low-level, chronic OP exposure to neurological and cognitive impairments that can persist long after the normalization of AChE levels suggesting that mechanisms of action for acute and chronic OP poisoning may differ. One such mechanism is the contribution of chronic OP poisoning to the development of synaptic vulnerability that can further lead to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, and ADHD, and cognitive impairments in children. The potential mechanisms of action during low-level chronic OP exposure in various preclinical models and paradigms were discussed. In addition, the need for the development of new biomarkers in order to reevaluate systemic, neural, and neurodevelopmental toxicity, and thus the applicative doses, of various OPs that exist today is underscored. Finally, potential prophylactic measures that can be applied as the countermeasures for the increased synaptic vulnerability are suggested. © 2022 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.", journal = "Organophosphates: Detection, Exposure and Occurrence. Volume 1: Impact on Health and the Natural Environment", booktitle = "Low-Level Chronic Organophosphate Exposure Contributes to the Development of Synaptic Vulnerability", pages = "63-94", url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10729" }
Ivković, S.. (2022). Low-Level Chronic Organophosphate Exposure Contributes to the Development of Synaptic Vulnerability. in Organophosphates: Detection, Exposure and Occurrence. Volume 1: Impact on Health and the Natural Environment, 63-94. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10729
Ivković S. Low-Level Chronic Organophosphate Exposure Contributes to the Development of Synaptic Vulnerability. in Organophosphates: Detection, Exposure and Occurrence. Volume 1: Impact on Health and the Natural Environment. 2022;:63-94. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10729 .
Ivković, Sanja, "Low-Level Chronic Organophosphate Exposure Contributes to the Development of Synaptic Vulnerability" in Organophosphates: Detection, Exposure and Occurrence. Volume 1: Impact on Health and the Natural Environment (2022):63-94, https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_vinar_10729 .